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Cloud computing has become a default choice for data processing by both large corporations and individuals due to its economy of scale and ease of system management. However, the question of trust and trustoworthy computing inside the Cloud environments has been long neglected in practice and further exacerbated by the proliferation of AI and its use for processing of sensitive user data. Attempts to implement the mechanisms for trustworthy computing in the cloud have previously remained theoretical due to lack of hardware primitives in the commodity CPUs, while a combination of Secure Boot, TPMs, and virtualization has seen only limited adoption. The situation has changed in 2016, when Intel introduced the Software Guard Extensions (SGX) and its enclaves to the x86 ISA CPUs: for the first time, it became possible to build trustworthy applications relying on a commonly available technology. However, Intel SGX posed challenges to the practitioners who discovered the limitations of this technology, from the limited support of legacy applications and integration of SGX enclaves into the existing system, to the performance bottlenecks on communication, startup, and memory utilization. In this thesis, our goal is enable trustworthy computing in the cloud by relying on the imperfect SGX promitives. To this end, we develop and evaluate solutions to issues stemming from limited systems support of Intel SGX: we investigate the mechanisms for runtime support of POSIX applications with SCONE, an efficient SGX runtime library developed with performance limitations of SGX in mind. We further develop this topic with FFQ, which is a concurrent queue for SCONE's asynchronous system call interface. ShieldBox is our study of interplay of kernel bypass and trusted execution technologies for NFV, which also tackles the problem of low-latency clocks inside enclave. The two last systems, Clemmys and T-Lease are built on a more recent SGXv2 ISA extension. In Clemmys, SGXv2 allows us to significantly reduce the startup time of SGX-enabled functions inside a Function-as-a-Service platform. Finally, in T-Lease we solve the problem of trusted time by introducing a trusted lease primitive for distributed systems. We perform evaluation of all of these systems and prove that they can be practically utilized in existing systems with minimal overhead, and can be combined with both legacy systems and other SGX-based solutions. In the course of the thesis, we enable trusted computing for individual applications, high-performance network functions, and distributed computing framework, making a <vision of trusted cloud computing a reality.

Überblick zur Arbeit der Sächsischen Datenschutzbeauftragten. Redaktionsschluss: 30.09.2022

Web systems have become an integral part in daily life of billions of people. Social is a key characteristic today’s web projects need to feature in order to be successful in the social age. To benefit from an improved user experience, individual persons are continually invited to reveal more and more personal data to web systems. With a rising severity of attacks on web systems, it is evident that their security is inadequate for the amount of accumulated personal data. Numerous threat reports indicate that social media has become a top-ranking attack target, with climbing impacts, with ramifications beyond single individuals and with a booming black market to trade leaked personal data. To enhance information security in managing personal data by web systems for the mutual benefit of individual persons, companies and governments, this dissertation proposes a solution architecture and three research contributions. While the solution architecture establishes the foundation for a more secure management of personal data by web systems, the research contributions represent complementary components for protecting personal data against unwanted data disclosure, tampering and use without the actual data owner’s intent or knowledge. Not only do these components enable seamless integration and combination, but they also contribute to assure quality and maintainability. The dissertation concludes with discussing evaluation results and providing an outlook towards future work.

Web systems have become an integral part in daily life of billions of people. Social is a key characteristic today’s web projects need to feature in order to be successful in the social age. To benefit from an improved user experience, individual persons are continually invited to reveal more and more personal data to web systems. With a rising severity of attacks on web systems, it is evident that their security is inadequate for the amount of accumulated personal data. Numerous threat reports indicate that social media has become a top-ranking attack target, with climbing impacts, with ramifications beyond single individuals and with a booming black market to trade leaked personal data. To enhance information security in managing personal data by web systems for the mutual benefit of individual persons, companies and governments, this dissertation proposes a solution architecture and three research contributions. While the solution architecture establishes the foundation for a more secure management of personal data by web systems, the research contributions represent complementary components for protecting personal data against unwanted data disclosure, tampering and use without the actual data owner’s intent or knowledge. Not only do these components enable seamless integration and combination, but they also contribute to assure quality and maintainability. The dissertation concludes with discussing evaluation results and providing an outlook towards future work.