Orientador : Luiz Sergio Leonardi / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-18T22:57:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BarcelosNeto_HeitorSebastiaode_M.pdf: 4818326 bytes, checksum: df6e71946052a0774e84ec9c33bdf369 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1993 / Resumo: A hérnia inguinal tem alta prevalência na humanidade, atingindo todas as faixas etárias e é urna doença de tratamento eminentemente cirúrgico. A partir de um protocolo pré-estabelecido, foi realizado um estudo prospectivo para o tratamento de hérnias inguinais primárias com componente direto presente através de duas técnicas cirúrgicas Shouldice e McVay, e com avaliações através do exame físico, e com seguimento mínimo de dois anos. Durante um período de dois anos, 109 pacientes do sexo masculino (86 com hérnias diretas e 23 com hérnias mistas), foram operados pela equipe de cirurgia do Hospital Municipal de Paulínia, previamente preparada para este fim. Os pacientes receberam preparo ambulatorial, não sendo encaminhados a cirurgia antes de terem suas doenças de base controladas clinica ou cirurgicamente. Foram avaliados quanto a eficácia da utilização da anestesia local para este tipo de cirurgia, que mostrou ser superior aos outros tipos de anestesia, tanto no tempo de internação corno na deambulação e nas taxas de complicações pós-operatórias. Na comparação pós-operatória das duas técnicas cirúrgicas, Shouldice e McVay, não houve diferença estatística significativa entre elas, porém as recidivas só apareceram neste período de observação nos pacientes operados pela técnica de Mc Vay, assim como, numericamente houve mais casos de pacientes com dor no pós operatório (precoce e tardio) nos operados sob esta técnica, enquanto o único paciente que desenvolveu atrofia testicular, havia sido operado pela técnica de Shouldice / Abstract: The inguinal hemia presents high prevalence on humanity, involving all age groups and it is a disease wihich treatment is prominently surgical. From a pre-established protocol on, a prospective study was carried out for the treatment of primary inguinal hemias with direct component through two surgical techniques: Shouldice and McVay, and with evaluations through physical examination, and with folIow-up at a least two years. In a period of two years, 109 patients, males (86 with direct hemias and 23 with mixed hemias) were operated by the surgery staff of Paulinia City Hospital, that was welltrained previously. All patientes were submitted to an ambulatorial preparation and they were not indicatde for surgery procedure before having their primary diseases clinically or surgically controlled. The efficacy of the use of a local anesthesia for this type of surgery that showed to be superior to other types, even in admission time as in digression and lates of postoperative complications. In the postoperative comparison between both surgicaI techniques, Shouldice and McVay, there was no significative statistical difference between them, otherwise the receurrence appeared in the period of observation only in patients submitted to Mc Vay surgicaI technique, such as mummericaly tere were more cases of patients with postooperative pain (early and laty) in patients submitted to this same technique, while the only patient that presented testicular atrophy had been operated by Shouldice tecnique / Mestrado / Mestre em Cirurgia

A hérnia inguinal é uma doença multifatorial que emerge do orifício de Fruchaud, fechado somente pela fáscia transversal. Nos últimos tempos tem sido demonstrado que desordens dos elementos do tecido conjuntivo, como fibras colágenas e elásticas, estão relacionados com a gênese da hérnia inguinal. Estudos prévios demonstraram alterações estruturais e quantitativas das fibras elásticas com o envelhecimento da fáscia transversal, relacionado ao aparecimento de hérnia inguinal a partir da quinta década da vida. Estudos recentes demonstraram associação entre uma mutação pontual do éxon 20 do gene da elastina, componente amorfo das fibras elásticas, e hérnia inguinal em indivíduos do sexo masculino. A fibrilina-1 é o principal componente microfibrilar das fibras elásticas e está relacionada ao surgimento de síndromes genéticas, como Marfan, Ehlers-Danlos e Williams, que também apresentam indivíduos portadores de hérnias. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar a presença de polimorfismos no gene da fibrilina-1 (FBN1) em indivíduos portadores de hérnia inguinal. Estudou-se o ácido desoxirribonucléico (DNA) genômico de 60 pacientes com hérnia inguinal e 60 controles. Os exons 4, 13, 24, 25, 26, 27, 31 32, 39, 41, 59 e 65 foram amplificados pela Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase e, posteriormente, foram avaliados os polimorfismos em gel de poliacrilamida. Todos os exons estudados apresentaram alguns indivíduos com padrão de bandeamento diverso. O produto de amplificação destes exons foi então avaliado através de seqüenciamento e confrontado com a base de dados do National Human Genome Research Institute. Alterações de inserção e/ou deleção consistentes foram observadas no éxon 27: 1) inserção de uma base entre os codons 1119 e 1120 (GAT -> AGA); 2) inserção de uma base entre os codons 1116 e 1117 (TGT -> CTG): 3) inserção de uma base no códon 1148 (CCC -> CGC); e no éxon 31: inserção de uma base entre os codons 1282 e 1283 (GAG -> CGA). Não houve significância estatística que indique associação entre o gene FBN1 e hérnia inguinal. Entretanto, como o gene da fibrilina-1 é bastante grande (350 kD, dividido em 65 exons) e, em outras doenças como a Síndrome de Marfan mais de 500 mutações já foram descritas, sem haver exons que possuam uma maior responsabilidade pela Síndrome, é possível que outros exons possam estar relacionados com o acometimento da hérnia inguinal. / The inguinal hernia is a multifactorial disease that emerge from the Fruchaud orifice, closed only by the transversalis fascia. Lately it has been showed that disorders on the connective tissue elements, as the collagen and elastic fibers, are related to the inguinal hernia genesis. Previous studies have showed structural and quantitative changes of the elastic fibers at the transversalis fascia with aging, that may be related to inguinal hernia at the fifth decade of life. Recent studies have demonstrated an association among a punctual mutation on exon 20 of the elastin gene, amorfous component of the elastic fibers, and male individuals with inguinal hernia. The fibrillin-1 is the main microfibrillar component of the elastic fibers and is associated to genetic syndromes as Marfan, Ehlers-Danlos and Williams, that also present inidividuals with hernias. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the presence of polymorphisms on the fibrillin-1 gene (FBN1) on individuals who developed inguinal hernia. The desoxirribonucleic acid (DNA) of 60 individuals with inguinal hernia and 60 controls have been studied. The exons 4, 13, 24, 25, 26, 27, 31, 32, 39, 41, 59 and 65 were amplyfied by the Polymerase Chain Reaction and later evaluated the polymorphisms on polyacrilamide gel. The amplification product of these exons were evaluated by DNA sequencing and compared to the National Human Genome Research Institute database. Consistent mutations were observed at exon 27: 1) insertion of a base between codons 1119 and 1120 (GAT -> AGA); 2) insertion of a base between codons 1116 and 1117 (TGT -> CTG); 3) insertion of a base on codon 1148 (CCC -> CGC); and at exon 31: insertion of a base between codons 1282 and 1283 (GAG -> CGA). There was no statistic significance that could indicate the association between FBN1 gene and inguinal hernia. However, FBN1 is a large gene (350 kD, shared in 65 exons) and in other disorders as Marfan Syndrome, more than 500 mutations have already been described, without the existence of prevalent exons that have major responsability about the Syndrome, it is possible that other exons could be related to the happening of inguinal hernia.

Orientador: Rogérioa Saad Hossne / Coorientador: Alexandre Bakonyi Neto / Banca: Nelson Ary Brandalise / Banca: Sérgio Roll / Banca: Fábio Guilherme Caserta Maryssael de Campos / Banca: Carlos Eduardo Jacob / Resumo: Introdução: A hérnia inguinal é a forma mais frequente das hérnias da parede abdominal e o seu reparo cirúrgico, depois da apendicectomia, é a cirurgia mais realizada pelo cirurgião geral. Estima-se que são realizadas cerca de 20 milhões de operações/ano no mundo. As técnicas mais modernas de reparo da hérnia inguinal buscam melhorar a qualidade de vida dos seus portadores, diminuindo as taxas de recidiva e dor crônica, por meio de prótese sem tensão. O desenvolvimento da laparoscopia nas últimas duas décadas, resgatou a importância da hérnia inguinal e seu tratamento para o cirurgião geral. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a casuística de 829 hernioplastias inguinais pela técnica Transabdominal (TAPP) e compara-la aos resultados da literatura enfatizando-se a dor crônica, taxa de recidiva e complicações. Método: Estudo retrospectivo de 616 pacientes submetidos à hernioplastia inguinal laparoscópica pela técnica Transabdominal Pré-Peritonial (TAPP) pelo mesmo cirurgião, em hospital privado, durante o período entre junho de 1996 e junho de 2010. Todos os pacientes foram reavaliados no décimo e trigésimo dia de pós operatório e seguidos tardiamente com 6, 12 e 24 meses. Resultados: O sexo predominante foi o masculino com 575 (93,3%) pacientes e a idade variou entre 19 e 78 anos, com média de 48,0 anos. As hérnias diretas foram as mais frequentes com 44,6% dos casos. Cento e quarenta e uma (22,9%) operações foram realizadas em hérnias recidivadas. A taxa global de complicações per e pós operatórias foi de 0,8% e 5,5%, respectivamente. Conversão para inguinotomia foi necessária em 2 casos (0,32%) e a recidiva ocorreu em 4 pacientes (0,65%). Conclusões: A técnica laparoscópica TAPP mostrou-se segura e eficiente no tratamento da hérnia inguinal no adulto, com alto índice de satisfação dos pacientes. Apresentou baixa morbidade e complicações gerais, tanto em número quanto em gravidade. A... / Abstract: Introduction: The inguinal hernia is the most common form of hernias of the abdominal wall and its surgical repair, after appendectomy, is the most performed surgery by the General Surgeon. It is estimated that are held about 20 million operations/year in the world. The modern techniques of inguinal hernia repair seek to improve the quality of life of patients, decreasing the rates of recurrence and chronic pain through tension-free prosthesis repair. The development of laparoscopy in the last two decades, rescued the importance of inguinal hernia and its treatment to the General Surgeon. The aim of this study was to analyze 829 cases of Transabdominal Pre peritoneal inguinal hernia repair (TAPP) and compare it to the results of the literature emphasizing chronic pain, complications and recurrence rate. Method: retrospective study of 616 patients undergoing laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair by TAPP by the same surgeon in private hospital, during the period between June 1996 and June 2010. All patients were reassessed on the 10th and 30th day of post-operative and followed later with 6, 12 and 24 months. Results: the predominant sex was male with 575 (93.3%) and the patients age ranged between 19 and 78 years, averaging 48.0 years. Direct hernias were the most frequent with 44.6% cases. One hundred and fortyone (22.9%) operations were carried out in recurrence hernias. The overall rate of per and postoperative complications was 0.8% and 5.5%, respectively. Conversion to open repair was needed in 2 cases(0.32%) and the recurrence occurred in 4 patients (0.65%). Conclusions: the laparoscopic technique TAPP was shown to be safe and effective in the treatment of inguinal hernia in adults with high level of patient satisfaction. Presented low morbidity and general complications, in number and severity. The minimum rate of recurrence appear, compares favorably to TAPP with other prosthetic tension free techniques, and should be incorporated ... / Doutor

Thesis (doctoral)--Chirurgisch-Medicinische Akademie zu Dresden. / Praeses ascribed to Burkhard W. Seiler by Gesamtvereichnis des deutschsprachigen Schrifttums (GV) 1700-1910. Half title, p. [17]: De cura herniae radicali per ligaturam. Imprint date in roman numerals. Includes bibliographical references.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-07T17:12:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-02-27. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-06-07T17:16:43Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000864051.pdf: 1498230 bytes, checksum: 23a49e1e9660269281dc1518ec7a0aa0 (MD5) / Introdução: A hérnia inguinal é a forma mais frequente das hérnias da parede abdominal e o seu reparo cirúrgico, depois da apendicectomia, é a cirurgia mais realizada pelo cirurgião geral. Estima-se que são realizadas cerca de 20 milhões de operações/ano no mundo. As técnicas mais modernas de reparo da hérnia inguinal buscam melhorar a qualidade de vida dos seus portadores, diminuindo as taxas de recidiva e dor crônica, por meio de prótese sem tensão. O desenvolvimento da laparoscopia nas últimas duas décadas, resgatou a importância da hérnia inguinal e seu tratamento para o cirurgião geral. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a casuística de 829 hernioplastias inguinais pela técnica Transabdominal (TAPP) e compara-la aos resultados da literatura enfatizando-se a dor crônica, taxa de recidiva e complicações. Método: Estudo retrospectivo de 616 pacientes submetidos à hernioplastia inguinal laparoscópica pela técnica Transabdominal Pré-Peritonial (TAPP) pelo mesmo cirurgião, em hospital privado, durante o período entre junho de 1996 e junho de 2010. Todos os pacientes foram reavaliados no décimo e trigésimo dia de pós operatório e seguidos tardiamente com 6, 12 e 24 meses. Resultados: O sexo predominante foi o masculino com 575 (93,3%) pacientes e a idade variou entre 19 e 78 anos, com média de 48,0 anos. As hérnias diretas foram as mais frequentes com 44,6% dos casos. Cento e quarenta e uma (22,9%) operações foram realizadas em hérnias recidivadas. A taxa global de complicações per e pós operatórias foi de 0,8% e 5,5%, respectivamente. Conversão para inguinotomia foi necessária em 2 casos (0,32%) e a recidiva ocorreu em 4 pacientes (0,65%). Conclusões: A técnica laparoscópica TAPP mostrou-se segura e eficiente no tratamento da hérnia inguinal no adulto, com alto índice de satisfação dos pacientes. Apresentou baixa morbidade e complicações gerais, tanto em número quanto em gravidade. A... / Introduction: The inguinal hernia is the most common form of hernias of the abdominal wall and its surgical repair, after appendectomy, is the most performed surgery by the General Surgeon. It is estimated that are held about 20 million operations/year in the world. The modern techniques of inguinal hernia repair seek to improve the quality of life of patients, decreasing the rates of recurrence and chronic pain through tension-free prosthesis repair. The development of laparoscopy in the last two decades, rescued the importance of inguinal hernia and its treatment to the General Surgeon. The aim of this study was to analyze 829 cases of Transabdominal Pre peritoneal inguinal hernia repair (TAPP) and compare it to the results of the literature emphasizing chronic pain, complications and recurrence rate. Method: retrospective study of 616 patients undergoing laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair by TAPP by the same surgeon in private hospital, during the period between June 1996 and June 2010. All patients were reassessed on the 10th and 30th day of post-operative and followed later with 6, 12 and 24 months. Results: the predominant sex was male with 575 (93.3%) and the patients age ranged between 19 and 78 years, averaging 48.0 years. Direct hernias were the most frequent with 44.6% cases. One hundred and fortyone (22.9%) operations were carried out in recurrence hernias. The overall rate of per and postoperative complications was 0.8% and 5.5%, respectively. Conversion to open repair was needed in 2 cases(0.32%) and the recurrence occurred in 4 patients (0.65%). Conclusions: the laparoscopic technique TAPP was shown to be safe and effective in the treatment of inguinal hernia in adults with high level of patient satisfaction. Presented low morbidity and general complications, in number and severity. The minimum rate of recurrence appear, compares favorably to TAPP with other prosthetic tension free techniques, and should be incorporated ...

A hérnia inguinal é uma doença multifatorial que emerge do orifício de Fruchaud, fechado somente pela fáscia transversal. Nos últimos tempos tem sido demonstrado que desordens dos elementos do tecido conjuntivo, como fibras colágenas e elásticas, estão relacionados com a gênese da hérnia inguinal. Estudos prévios demonstraram alterações estruturais e quantitativas das fibras elásticas com o envelhecimento da fáscia transversal, relacionado ao aparecimento de hérnia inguinal a partir da quinta década da vida. Estudos recentes demonstraram associação entre uma mutação pontual do éxon 20 do gene da elastina, componente amorfo das fibras elásticas, e hérnia inguinal em indivíduos do sexo masculino. A fibrilina-1 é o principal componente microfibrilar das fibras elásticas e está relacionada ao surgimento de síndromes genéticas, como Marfan, Ehlers-Danlos e Williams, que também apresentam indivíduos portadores de hérnias. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar a presença de polimorfismos no gene da fibrilina-1 (FBN1) em indivíduos portadores de hérnia inguinal. Estudou-se o ácido desoxirribonucléico (DNA) genômico de 60 pacientes com hérnia inguinal e 60 controles. Os exons 4, 13, 24, 25, 26, 27, 31 32, 39, 41, 59 e 65 foram amplificados pela Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase e, posteriormente, foram avaliados os polimorfismos em gel de poliacrilamida. Todos os exons estudados apresentaram alguns indivíduos com padrão de bandeamento diverso. O produto de amplificação destes exons foi então avaliado através de seqüenciamento e confrontado com a base de dados do National Human Genome Research Institute. Alterações de inserção e/ou deleção consistentes foram observadas no éxon 27: 1) inserção de uma base entre os codons 1119 e 1120 (GAT -> AGA); 2) inserção de uma base entre os codons 1116 e 1117 (TGT -> CTG): 3) inserção de uma base no códon 1148 (CCC -> CGC); e no éxon 31: inserção de uma base entre os codons 1282 e 1283 (GAG -> CGA). Não houve significância estatística que indique associação entre o gene FBN1 e hérnia inguinal. Entretanto, como o gene da fibrilina-1 é bastante grande (350 kD, dividido em 65 exons) e, em outras doenças como a Síndrome de Marfan mais de 500 mutações já foram descritas, sem haver exons que possuam uma maior responsabilidade pela Síndrome, é possível que outros exons possam estar relacionados com o acometimento da hérnia inguinal. / The inguinal hernia is a multifactorial disease that emerge from the Fruchaud orifice, closed only by the transversalis fascia. Lately it has been showed that disorders on the connective tissue elements, as the collagen and elastic fibers, are related to the inguinal hernia genesis. Previous studies have showed structural and quantitative changes of the elastic fibers at the transversalis fascia with aging, that may be related to inguinal hernia at the fifth decade of life. Recent studies have demonstrated an association among a punctual mutation on exon 20 of the elastin gene, amorfous component of the elastic fibers, and male individuals with inguinal hernia. The fibrillin-1 is the main microfibrillar component of the elastic fibers and is associated to genetic syndromes as Marfan, Ehlers-Danlos and Williams, that also present inidividuals with hernias. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the presence of polymorphisms on the fibrillin-1 gene (FBN1) on individuals who developed inguinal hernia. The desoxirribonucleic acid (DNA) of 60 individuals with inguinal hernia and 60 controls have been studied. The exons 4, 13, 24, 25, 26, 27, 31, 32, 39, 41, 59 and 65 were amplyfied by the Polymerase Chain Reaction and later evaluated the polymorphisms on polyacrilamide gel. The amplification product of these exons were evaluated by DNA sequencing and compared to the National Human Genome Research Institute database. Consistent mutations were observed at exon 27: 1) insertion of a base between codons 1119 and 1120 (GAT -> AGA); 2) insertion of a base between codons 1116 and 1117 (TGT -> CTG); 3) insertion of a base on codon 1148 (CCC -> CGC); and at exon 31: insertion of a base between codons 1282 and 1283 (GAG -> CGA). There was no statistic significance that could indicate the association between FBN1 gene and inguinal hernia. However, FBN1 is a large gene (350 kD, shared in 65 exons) and in other disorders as Marfan Syndrome, more than 500 mutations have already been described, without the existence of prevalent exons that have major responsability about the Syndrome, it is possible that other exons could be related to the happening of inguinal hernia.

En aquesta tesi es construeix un simulador numèric de la paret abdominal inferior, per tal de determinar la gènesis i les causes de les hernies inguinal humanes. Així, un model amb dades reals d'aquesta regió del cos humà (correctament discretitzades) ens permetrà reproduir les propietats dinàmiques de diferents elements de la regió permetent la simulació de la hernia en el moment que te lloc.La simulació muscular en general, ha tingut un paper secundari en la simulació numèrica, ja que en ocasions sols han interessat les propietats genèriques del múscul (per això es considera el múscul com un sol element) i no en un estudi detallat de les parts del múscul. El camp on la simulació ha estat més productiva ha estat la simulació cardíaca, a causa del constant interès en la creació de models del múscul cardíac i es per aquest motiu que sols es troben models detallats en aquest cas.La contracció de la fibra muscular va ser simulada fen servir el model reològic de Hill-Maxwell presentat per en J.Bestel en el que es regula la contracció muscular amb una funció de potencial d'activació u(t). Aquest model és el primer model dinàmic en dimensió u a nivell microscòpic de la contracció muscular.Actualment, existeixen moltes conjectures sobre les causes de les hèrnies, malgrat tot, no ha estat possible un estudi detallat sobre l'origen de les hèrnies. Per altra banda, és impossible captar el moment en que es genera una hèrnia, i per altra banda hi ha una carència de model prou detallats de la contracció muscular.En aquesta tesi es presenta un estudi dinàmic de la paret abdominal inferior amb els elements actius (els músculs) i els elements passius (fàscies, lligaments i altres teixits), és per això que es pot dur a terme un estudi amb varis aspectes físics i químics que intervenen a la gènesis de les hernies. El model reprodueix la dinàmica real del àrea tal i com A. Keith i W.J. Lytle varen conjecturar als inicis del segle passat i que són usualment acceptats per la comunitat de cirurgians.Aquest és el primer model que reprodueix la dinàmica real de la regió inguinal, prova la existència de dos mecanismes de defensa (el mecanisme de persiana i el mecanisme de esfínter a l'anell inguinal). Amb aquest model de contracció muscular podem estudiar diversos paràmetres que tenen un paper important a la gènesis de les hernies inguinals i podem dur a terme un estudi més detallat sobre els elements de risc. Aquests paràmetres ( el mòdul de Young, el coeficient de Poison o la pressió intraabdominal, per exemple) tenen un efecte hipotètic no provat en la gènesis de les hèrnies. Aquest treball, avalua l'efecte real de diversos paràmetres al model lineal i proposa una simulació no lineals per la simulació muscular.ABSTRACT / This PhD thesis aims to build a numerical simulator of the inferior abdominal wall, in order to determine the genesis and causes of the inguinal hernia. Thus, a model with real data on the region of human body (properly discretized) has been built that reproduces the dynamic properties of the various elements of the region allowing the simulation of the moment at which the hernia occurs. Muscular simulation in general, has became a secondary subjec regarding numerical simulation, because on many occasions the interest has been concentrated in the general properties of the muscle (so that the muscle is considered a single element) and not in a detailed study of each of the parts of the muscle. The field where simulation has possibly been more productive is the cardiac simulation because of the constant interest in creating models of the cardiac muscle and it is for this reason that the only detailed models that exist are those related to the cardiac muscle. The muscular fibre contraction was simulated using the Hill-Maxwell rehologic model presented by J. Bestel which it regulates the contraction and recovery by means of potential activation function u(t). This model is the first dynamic model in dimension one of a microscopic muscle level. Currently, there is much varying conjecture regarding the causes of hernias, despite this however, a detailed study of their genesis, has not been possible. This is because on the one hand, it is impossible to catch the moment in which a hernia is generated, and, on the other, there is a lack of sufficiently detailed models of the muscles involved. We present a dynamic model of the inferior abdominal wall with the active elements (the muscles) and the passive elements (fascias, ligaments and other tissues), so that a study can be made of the various physical and chemical aspects that generate hernias. The model reproduces the real dynamic of the area, as A. Keith and W.J. Lytle conjectured at the beginning of the past century and commonly accepted by surgery community. This is the first model which reproduces the real dynamic in the inguinal area, so that we can prove the existence of the two defence mechanisms (the shutter mechanism and the sphincter mechanism in the inguinal ring). With this muscular contraction model we can study several parameters that it have an important role in the inguinal hernia genesis and we can do an accurate study about risk elements in the hernia inguinal. This parameters (Young's modulus, Poison's coefficient or intraabdominal pressure, for instance) have an hypothetical and no proved effect in the genesis of inguinal hernias. This work, evaluate the real effect of several parameters in the lineal model and propose a non linear model for the muscular simulation.

ABSTRACT Background: Developmental exposure to endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC), such as Bisphenol A (BPA) has been shown to affect the health during early stages in life. Aim: To assess whether developmental low-dose exposure to BPA alters adipocyte distribution and blood lipid levels in Fischer 344 (F344) rats. Method: Pregnant F344 rats were exposed to BPA via their drinking water from gestational day 3.5 throughout lactation. Doses given were one below the current European Food Safety Authority´s preliminary tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 4 µg BPA/kg bw/day, 0.5 [lower dose, Ld] and one equal to the previous TDI; 50 [higher dose, Hd] µg BPA/kg bw/day. Half the offspring was sacrificed at 5, and half at 52 weeks of age. Body weight was registered, and plasma lipid levels were analyzed. Inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) was weighed, Oil red O-stained and analyzed histologically. Results: Five-week-old Ld males and females Hd exhibited significantly higher triglyceride levels (31%, p<0.01; 41%,p<0.05, respectively) compared to control. Total cholesterol was borderline significantly increased (9%, p=0.0554) in 5-week-old Ld males, compared with control. Adipocyte cell density in the 5-week-old offspring was significantly increased; Ld female rats had increased cell density compared to control and Hd (22% and 23%,p<0.05, respectively), whereas the cell density of Hd males increased compared to Ld (29%, p<0.05). In the 52-week-old offspring blood lipid levels and iWAT cell density were not significantly affected. Conclusions: Results of the present study supports that developmental low-dose BPA exposure contributes to elevated triglyceride levels in 5-week-old animals.

Desde hace más de 100 años, la prevalencia de hernia inguinal recidivada (10-20% de todas las hernias operadas), no se ha modificado. Recientemente, se ha introducido el concepto de "Hernioplastia sin Tensión" (HST) para la reparación de la hernia inguinal, mediante la implantación de una malla de material sintético cubriendo los defectos sobre la fascia transversalis, sin otras modificaciones anatómicas, obteniéndose un índice de recidiva prácticamente nulo. Con el propósito de comparar las propiedades de los biomateriales de uso clínico mas frecuente, implantamos subcutáneamente sobre la pared abdominal anterior de la rata Wistar (200-250g), retales de malla de polipropileno ( Prolene®-PP), politetrafluoroetileno expandido ( Gore-Tex®-PTFE) y poliglactin 910 ( Vicryl®-P910). Siguiendo la normativa de la " American Society for Testing and Materials", (ASTM), los animales fueron repartidos en tres grupos y sacrificados a la semana, 4 semanas y 12 semanas, obteniendo las muestras del conjunto pared muscular + malla. Cada muestra fue dividida en dos partes, una para estudio histológico y otra para estudio biomecánico.Los resultados fueron evaluados por un observador neutral mediante una escala semicuantitativa de grados. Los tres tipos de malla desencadenaron una reacción inflamatoria mínima, sobre los tejidos de experimentación. La fibrosis desencadenada, fue progresiva en las tres mallas y en todo momento más marcada en el P910.Las muestras del conjunto malla+ pared muscular obtenidas a las 4 semanas, fueron traccionadas con un dinamómetro de precisión Instron®, a velocidad constante, generando curvas de fuerza tensil - tiempo, hasta el momento de la ruptura. En todos los casos la resistencia a la ruptura fue mayor en las muestras ensayadas que en la pared musculoaponeurótica indemne de la rata. Con el doble propósito de comprobar la eficacia de la técnica de HST mediante la implantación de una malla de Prolene®, en términos de tolerancia, morbilidad y recidiva, y de comprobar las ventajas del tratamiento bajo anestesia local y en régimen ambulatorio de la hernia inguinal, en términos económicos y de grado de satisfacción de los pacientes, emprendimos nuestro estudio clínico prospectivo. Entre Junio 90 y Junio 92, 139 pacientes (17-85 años) portadores de hernia inguinal, en uno (n=118) o ambos lados (n=21), fueron seleccionados por un mismo cirujano para ser tratados ambulatoriamente en un solo acto operatorio (n=122) o en dos sesiones por separado (n=17), constituyendo un total de 156 casos operatorios. Estos pacientes, previa evaluación preoperatoria, recibieron instrucciones verbales y por escrito sobre el preoperatorio domiciliario. El día de la operación, acudieron al hospital con un acompañante responsable, con vehículo propio, fueron instalados en la habitación donde pasarían el postoperatorio inmediato, preparados para el quirófano e intervenidos bajo anestesia local, mediante HST. Una o dos horas mas tarde, los pacientes que estaban en condiciones (90% casos) fueron alta hospitalaria con instrucciones sobre el postoperatorio domiciliario. El cirujano responsable del alta, llamaba por teléfono la noche de la intervención y al día siguiente, por la mañana. Los pacientes fueron revisados entre el 4º - 7º día postoperatorio y posteriormente al mes, tres meses y una vez al año. Durante el seguimiento (15 pacientes perdidos, 10%), un mismo cirujano completó un cuestionario de cada paciente para evaluar el resultado del tratamiento de satisfacción.Con seguimiento de 2 meses a dos años (X=11), se registró una recidiva y un total de 20 complicaciones postoperatorias (14.3%), sin ninguna intolerancia a la malla de Prolene®. El grado de dolor y ansiedad experimentado por los pacientes, fue mínimo en más de 90% de los pacientes, siendo la anestesia local mejor tolerada en pacientes añosos que en los más jóvenes. / Straps of (2 x 0.5 cm) of polypropylene (PP), PTFE and 910-polyglactin (910-P), were inserted subcutaneously over the anterior abdominal wall on 15 Wistar rats (200-250g). Animals were sacrificed at one; four and 12 weeks after operation, and samples of abdominal wall + mesh were obtained for histological and mechanical study. All meshes developed minimal inflammation. One week after surgery, the smallest amount of granulation tissue was observed around PP. 910-P disappeared around the fourth week and developed a greater fibrosis than PP and PTFE. Samples of abdominal wall + mesh obtained four weeks after operation were tested for tensile strength. In all cases, tensile strength was greater in these samples than in the undisturbed abdominal wall of the rat (control = 1.2+/- 0.5 kg/cm). However, tensile strength with PP (8.9 +/- 0.65) and PTFE (9.4 +/- 1.3) was greater than with 910-P (1.7+/- 0.74).One hundred-thirty-nine patients (age 17-85) were selected by the same surgeon for ambulatory treatment of unilateral (118) or bilateral (21) inguinal hernia. The latter group were treated in one (4) or two (17) operations, with a total of 156 cases. All cases were operated on under local anaesthesia by the technique of tension-free-hernioplasty, by placement of a polypropylene mesh. In 141 cases (90%), the patient was discharged home on the same day of operation. There was no operative mortality and only one case of recurrence in this series (follow up = 2-24 months; 90% of patients). There were 20 postoperative complications (14.3%), with no intolerance of the prosthetic mesh. Patients were requested to fill in questionnaires to asses the degree of pain and anxiety experienced before, during and after the operation. Pain anxiety was minimal in more than 90% cases, local anaesthesia showing better tolerance among older patients.

Inguinal hernia repair (IHR) is a common ambulatory surgery procedure performed in Canada, after which many patients experience moderate to severe pain. Limited research has been found that examines interventions to reduce pain following ambulatory surgery, and none specifically for patients undergoing IHR. This trial evaluated the effectiveness of an individualized Hernia Repair Education Intervention (HREI) for patients following this ambulatory surgery. Participants (N= 82) were randomized to either the intervention or usual care group pre-operatively in the pre-admission clinic. The HREI included a booklet about managing pain and face-to-face session to discuss its content, and two telephone support calls (before surgery and 24 hours after surgery). The primary outcome was WORST 24 hour pain intensity on movement on post-operative day 2. Secondary outcomes included pain intensity at rest and movement, pain–related interference with activities, pain quality, analgesics taken, and adverse effects at post-operative days 2 and 7. At day 2, the intervention group reported significantly lower scores for all pain intensity outcomes, including WORST 24hr pain on movement (t (df) = 4.7 (73), p< 0.001), WORST 24 hr pain at rest (t (df) = 3.8 (73), p < 0.001), pain NOW at rest (t (df) = 3.3 (73), p = 0.001) and on movement (t (df) = 3.4 (73), p = 0.001). Also on day 2, pain-related interference scores for the intervention group were lower than the usual care group but not significantly different with the bonferroini correction (t (df) = 2.1 (73), p=0.04). The intervention group took significantly fewer opioids on day 2 (t (df) = 3.0 (73), p=0.004). Although there were no differences in any of the pain or interference outcomes on day 7, 36% (n=26) of the total sample reported moderate-severe pain at day 7. Constipation was the adverse effect identified most often, by both groups, on both days 2 and 7.This intervention was effective at post-operative day 2 but revisions need to be made to the intervention to assess for outcomes over a longer period of time.