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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Um simulador baseado em realidade virtual para o treinamento de estudantes na administração de medicamentos injetáveis

Macedo, Eline Raquel de 11 December 2015 (has links)
Submitted by Fernando Souza (fernandoafsou@gmail.com) on 2017-08-14T13:55:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3282966 bytes, checksum: b072b071b37891067b1ce95fac754224 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-14T13:55:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3282966 bytes, checksum: b072b071b37891067b1ce95fac754224 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-11 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Virtual reality-based simulators can improve health educational processes by adding simulated practice in a safe and realistic environment. A medical procedure which is often target for criticism, due to its error reports, is the administration of injectable drugs. Many researches suggest professional deficiencies in that area. Considering that this deficiency is originated at the formation of the health professional, the main goal of this work is to propose a training tool based on virtual reality for the administration of injectable drugs. Furthermore, this work also presents the modeling of evaluation metrics used on the user evaluation modules by the simulator, discussing the relevance of the establishment of these metrics for use on virtual reality simulators. / Simuladores baseados em realidade virtual podem auxiliar nos processos educacionais em saúde, acrescentando a prática simulada em um ambiente seguro e realista. Um procedimento médico que é alvo de críticas, devido aos relatos de erros, é a administração de medicamentos injetáveis. Várias são as pesquisas que apontam as deficiências dos profissionais nessa técnica. Considerando que essa deficiência venha desde a formação do profissional da saúde, o objetivo principal deste trabalho é propor uma ferramenta de treinamento baseada em realidade virtual para a administração de medicamentos injetáveis. Além disso, este trabalho também apresenta a modelagem das métricas de avaliação utilizadas no módulo para avaliação do usuário pelo simulador, discutindo a importância do estabelecimento dessas métricas para serem utilizadas em simuladores de realidade virtual.
2

Desenvolvimento de uma metodologia para o controle de qualidade de medicamento injetável, sem violação da ampola, usando espectroscopia NIR e técnicas quimiométricas / Development of a Methodology for Quality Control of Injection Drug, without violation of the ampoule, using NIR spectroscopy and chemometric techniques.

Sanches, Fátima Aparecida Castriani 30 November 2009 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T13:21:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1804909 bytes, checksum: e1d49807a80dbd1ae8f860dca35fbb15 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-11-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In this work, a new methodology is proposed that uses a combination of Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIR) with chemometric methods of multivariate analysis for the determination of active ingredient in parenteral drug. The drug used in this study was dipyrone. To create the models of multivariate calibration, standard samples of dipyrone prepared in laboratory and commercial samples were used. NIR spectra were recorded, pre-processed and used to build models of pattern recognition and multivariate calibration. For the initial analysis of data, an exploratory analysis was performed from PCA models. Then, SIMCA models were developed and used for Screening analysis of the samples, at a confidence level of 95%. These tests served to confirm which set of samples (commercial and prepared in the laboratory) could be used in the composition of sets of calibration, validation and prediction employed in the development of the methodology. For the selection of samples from the sets we used the SPXY algorithm. Initially, the calibration set containing commercial and prepared in the laboratory samples was used to build PLS1, MLR-SPA, SW-MLR, MLR-ASA and MLR-GA multivariate calibration models. These models were validated using a test set and applied to the determination of dipyrone using a prediction set. The results showed that all models presented satisfactory prediction errors with respect to the reference method, and it is very promising for predicting the dipyrone content in drugs injection. As the proposed methodology uses a non invasive process it is not necessary a previous treatment of the samples, no reagent was used, and a relatively high analytical rate is achieved. / Neste trabalho, é proposta uma nova metodologia que utiliza a combinação da espectrometria no infravermelho próximo (NIR) com métodos quimiométricos de análise multivariada para a determinação do teor de princípio ativo em um medicamento de uso parenteral. O medicamento utilizado neste estudo foi a dipirona sódica injetável. Para construção dos modelos de calibração multivariada foram empregadas amostras padrão de dipirona sódica preparadas no laboratório e amostras comerciais. Os espectros NIR foram registrados, pré-tratados e utilizados para a construção de modelos de reconhecimento de padrões e calibração multivariada. Para a análise inicial dos dados, uma análise exploratória foi realizada a partir de modelos PCA. Em seguida, modelos SIMCA foram elaborados e utilizados para uma análise Screening das amostras, empregando um nível de confiança de 95%. Essas análises serviram para constatar que todas as amostras (comerciais e preparadas no laboratório) poderiam ser utilizadas na composição dos conjuntos de calibração, validação e predição, empregados no desenvolvimento da metodologia. Para a seleção das amostras dos conjuntos utilizou-se o algoritmo SPXY. Inicialmente, o conjunto de calibração contendo amostras comerciais e as preparadas no laboratório foi empregado na construção de modelos de calibração multivariada PLS1, MLR-SPA, MLR-SW, MLR-ASA e MLR-GA. Esses modelos foram validados usando um conjunto de teste e foram aplicados para a determinação do teor de dipirona usando um conjunto de predição. Os resultados mostraram que todos os modelos apresentaram erros de previsão satisfatórios com relação ao método de referência, sendo bastante promissores para a predição do teor de dipirona sódica em medicamentos injetáveis. Como a metodologia proposta utiliza um processo não invasivo, não é necessário um tratamento prévio das amostras, nenhum reagente foi usado, e uma freqüência analítica relativamente elevada de análise é alcançada.
3

IN VITRO IN VIVO METHODS AND PHARMACOKINETIC MODELS FOR SUBCUTANEOUSLY ADMINISTERED PEPTIDE DRUG PRODUCTS

Somani, Amit 31 July 2012 (has links)
Over the last several years, injectable drugs have been a growing area for the treatment of various therapeutic conditions and they are projected to comprise an even larger proportion among the drugs that will be available in the years to come. The injectable drugs are administered by various routes such as intramuscular (IM), intravenous (IV), subcutaneous (SC) and others, however, the majority of these drugs are administered subcutaneously. Even though subcutaneous delivery has been utilized for a number of years, very little is known about the processes governing the absorption of macromolecules from the interstitial space; and the resulting impact of these processes on the bioavailability (BA) and pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles. Also, there is no established In vitro - In vivo correlation (IVIVC) for subcutaneously administered immediate release (IR) peptide based drugs in a biorelevant manner. The contribution of IVIVC in drug development of orally administered drugs is very well known. For oral drugs, the in vivo process of drug absorption is often rate limited by the rate at which drug dissolves in the gastrointestinal tract. This can be simulated by measuring the rate of dissolution in an in vitro apparatus, which can be correlated with the in vivo absorption rate to produce an IVIVC. This research program involved efforts to develop biorelevant IVIVC methods and model for subcutaneously administered peptide based drugs. The in vivo component of this Program involves the use of clinical data from a bioequivalence (BE) study of Iplex™ [(IGF-I (Insulin like growth factor-I)/IGFBP-3 (Insulin like growth factor binding protein-3)], administered subcutaneously, that was conducted at the Center for Drug Studies (CDS), VCU School of Pharmacy in the year 2005 (Barr et. al., 2005). The PK parameters for Increlex™ (IGF-I) are calculated from the clinical data obtained from another study (Rabkin et. al., 1996). Literature research and molecular modeling research formed the basis of our hypotheses that unbound and bound IGF-I are absorbed from the blood capillaries and lymphatic capillaries respectively and that simulation of these physiologic variables is possible with the use of the modified Hanson Microette® device. The Hanson Microette® device is a vertical diffusion cell system that has been modified to simulate the pores in the capillaries with the use of a synthetic membrane. The flow and composition of circulatory fluid was simulated by the use of modified Hanks balanced salts solution (HBSS). A validated RP-HPLC (reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography) method has been used for the analysis of IGF-1/IGFBP-3 in the in vitro samples. The in vitro permeation/release results gave the in vitro component to conduct IVIVC analysis. The General Electric (GE) healthcare sourced polycarbonate nucleopore track etched membranes were the only set of membranes that resulted in significant permeation in the in vitro experiments. IVIVC results demonstrated high inter and intra-membrane variability for the membranes (available from today’s technology) that were used to simulate the in vivo membrane characteristics. Currently, there are no validated biorelevant IVIVC methods for SC formulations. The methods described here are the basis for future in vitro method development that will be of significant value for (a) predicting the in vivo performance of SC formulations based on the in vitro data, and (b) provide a reproducible in vitro method as the basis of developing an IVIVC for other subcutaneously administered drugs. This will provide an important tool for both development and regulation of this growing class of drugs.
4

Um fotômetro LED-NIR duplo feixe microcontrolado e portátil para análise screening e quantitativa de medicamentos injetáveis de forma não invasiva / A micro-processor controlled and portable dual-beam LED-NIR photometer for noninvasive quantitative and screen analyses of injectable drugs

Sanches, Fatima Aparecida Castriani 27 September 2013 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T13:21:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 4300715 bytes, checksum: 6618808ff4fc3b330190a5a4b7fe14f3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In this work, a portable LED - NIR double beam micro-processor controlled photometer for non-destructive/non-invasive screening and quantitative analysis of injectable medicines was developed to assess conformity with values established by the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia. The product analyzed was injectable dipyrone (1g/2 mL) sold in amber colored vials of 1.1 cm outer diameter, and 6 cm in height. Initially, spectroscopic studies were carried out employing a commercial spectrophotometer to assess the best NIR spectrum regions that might be used. The instrument developed used two twin LEDs with NIR radiation emissions rated at 1050 ± 50 nm. Two InGaAs photodiodes (also identical), and a PIC18F455 microcontroller were used as well. The output of the instrument used a PIC microcontroller coupled to a 20x2 liquid crystal display which communicated with a PC by USB 2.0 for communication. The instrument evaluated commercial dipyrone injection samples using absorbance measurements made directly from ampoules of the injectable medicines. The photometer was calibrated with standard solutions of dipyrone, and its performance was evaluated by an analysis of 620 of the commercial dipyrone injection samples, where 320 were expired. The instrument had a high success rate for screening analysis (91%). For quantitative determination of the active dipyrone, a linear response was obtained [R2 = 0.9964, A = 0.0068 + 0.0043 C (% w/v)] in the concentration range of 5 to 60% m/v. We also obtained a low relative error of 0.40%, and good accuracy in the analyses with a relative standard deviation of 2.13%. / Neste trabalho foi desenvolvido um fotômetro LED-NIR duplo feixe microcontrolado e portátil para análise screening e quantitativa de medicamentos injetáveis de forma não destrutiva/não invasiva, visando investigar a conformidade desses com os valores estabelecidos na Farmacopéia Brasileira. O medicamento analisado foi a dipirona sódica injetável 1g/2mL, comercializados em ampolas de coloração âmbar. Foram realizados inicialmente estudos espectroscópicos empregando um espectrofotômetro comercial para avaliar quais as melhores regiões do espectro NIR que poderiam ser empregadas para a determinação da espécie de interesse. O instrumento desenvolvido utiliza dois LEDs-NIR com emissão de radiação nominal em 1050 ± 50 nm gêmeos (de mesmas especificações técnicas), dois fotodiodos de InGaAs também idênticos e um microcontrolador PIC18F455. Como dispositivos de saída do instrumento foram empregados o microcontrolador PIC acoplado a um display de cristal líquido 20x2, o qual também se comunica com um microcomputador portátil por comunicação USB 2.0. O instrumento foi avaliado com amostras comerciais de dipirona sódica injetável por medidas de absorbância efetuadas diretamente nas ampolas dos medicamentos injetáveis. O fotômetro foi calibrado com soluções padrão de dipirona e seu desempenho foi avaliado na análise de 620 amostras comerciais de dipirona injetável, das quais 320 apresentavam prazo de validade expirado. O instrumento obteve elevado índice de acerto para a análise screening (91%). Para determinação quantitativa do princípio ativo dipirona, uma resposta linear foi obtida [R2 = 0,9964, A = 0,0068 + 0,0043 C (% m/v)] na faixa de concentração de: 5 a 60 % m/v. Também foi obtido um baixo erro relativo conjunto (0,40 %) e boa precisão nas análises (desvio padrão relativo conjunto = 2,13%).

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