Background Clinical usable assessment methods to quantify mobility, balance, stability and postural control functions together in a full kinetic chain movement are sparse. Normative data of such dynamic functions in different group of athletes are  still lacking and therefore the relationship between dynamic functional mobility and overuse injuries are also unknown. The prevalence of overuse injuries among adolescent athletes are continuously high and team gymnastic is one example of a sport with multiple and underestimated overuse injuries.   Aim The first aim of study was to establish normative data of dynamic functional mobility in a group of elite team gymnasts. The second aim was to investigate ongoing overuse injuries and evaluate associations between ongoing overuse injuries and dynamic functional mobility in the group.   Method A descriptive cross sectional study including 31 female elite team gymnasts 16-19 years old were conducted. “The hand reach star excursion balance test” (HSEBT) was used to measure dynamic functional mobility in 20 different movement patterns. The "Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Overuse Injury Questionnaire"(OSTRC) was used to record and analyse severity of ongoing overuse injuries in the group. Pearson correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between the scoring in the HSEBT- tests and scoring on the OSTRC.   Results A majority of the participants presented with scores near the maximum values on the HSEBT. Further,  97% of the subjects had an ongoing overuse injury. Severe injuries, affecting participation in sport were present in 67%. Correlations was found between prevalence of severe injury in the lower back and lower scoring on the right leg in a rotational movement pattern (r= -0,42) whereas prevalence of severe injury in the hip was associated with extreme high mobility in a sidebending pattern in both legs (r= 0,50, 0,49). There was also a relationship between individuals with multiple severe overuse injuries and dynamic functional mobility in an extended movement pattern of the left leg (r= -0,36, -0,38).   Conclusion Normative data of dynamic functional mobility according to the HSEBT can provide clinicians with reference points to compare elite female team gymnasts. There was an indication of association between limited mobility in some of the included tests and prevalence of overuse injuries in the lower back and hip. This study included a small sample and therefore conclusions have to be interpreted carefully.

Bakgrund: Fotboll är en sport som präglas av knäskador, muskelbristningar och stukningar. Mycket fokus ligger kring hur man på bästa sätt kan undvika och förebygga att ens främsta resurs, spelarna, undviker att bli skadade och på bästa sätt kan producera resultat för klubben de tillhör. Studier har visat på att skadeprevalens är något som ökar i och med en ökad träningsmängd och att många skador är en följd av både muskelsvaghet och fel sorts träning. Många av dessa undersökningar menar på att man i dagsläget tränar fel och att träningen mer måste fokuseras på de fysiska krav som ställs inom den idrott man utövar, i detta fall fotboll. Syfte: Syftet med denna undersökning har varit att se om det finns någon korrelation mellan typ av träning, träningsmängd och skadeprevalens inom herrfotboll. Metod: Studiens syfte har besvarats med hjälp av en strukturerad enkät som skickats ut via en web-länk till aktivt fotbollspelande män. Undersökningen har involverat 100 respondenter från olika divisioner. All data som samlats in har analyserats i statistikprogrammet SPSS. Resultat: Resultatet som framkom visade på att det enbart fanns en signifikant korrelation mellan hur mycket respondenterna tränade styrketräning på egen hand och hur ofta de var skadade (P = 0,02). Diskussion/Slutsats: Det spelar ingen roll hur mycket man tränar kollektivt samt hur pass mycket man tränar kondition på egen hand när det handlar om skadeprevention. Det som visade sig signifikant var att skadeprevalensen minskade linjärt med en förhöjd individuell styrketräningsdos. / Background: Soccer is a sport that´s characterized by knee-injuries, muscle-strains and sprains. There´s a lot of time and energy being spent on preventing your most important resource, the players, from being injured and keeping them on the field, so that they can produce results for the club.  Previous studies have shown that injuries occur more often due to an increased training-dosage and that most of the injuries occur due to muscle-weakness and improper training. Many of these studies are arguing that teams need to change how they conduct their training and that they need to be more specific to the sport, in this case soccer. Objective: The purpose of this survey was to see if there´s a correlation between what you´re training, how much you´re training and the prevalence of injury in male soccer. Method: This has been done using a structured questionnaire (survey) that’s been shared using a web-link that’s been sent out to active soccer-playing men. The study has consisted of 100 soccer-players from different divisions. All the data has been processed in the statistical program SPSS. Results: The results only showed significant correlations between how often the players trained individual strength-training and the prevalence of injury (P = 0,02). Discussion/conclusion: The results showed that there wasn’t any significant correlation between how often you train collectively ore how often you train cardio by yourself. The only significant result showed that there was a linear correlation between the prevalence of injury and how often you do individual resistance training.

Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Health in partial compliance with the requirements for the Masters Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, 2009. / Objectives: To determine the prevalence and risk factors of amateur outdoor and indoor volleyball players in a KwaZulu-Natal North Coast region. Methods: The location of the study was the KwaZulu-Natal North Coast region, which includes two of its districts, viz, Tongaat (Indoor) and Kwa Dukuza (Outdoor). A total of 115 out of a possible 160 volleyball players participated in this study which comprised of 68 outdoor and 47 indoor players. The answering of the questionnaires was done on separate days for both the districts. On the allocated days, they were given a letter of information (Appendix B) to read and the questionnaires (Appendix C) to answer. Participation in the study was voluntary and consent was given by filling in the questionnaire. The researcher was present on this day to supervise and to collect the completed questionnaires immediately after the session was completed. Results: Out of a total of 115 participants, 79 (68.7%) of the participants sustained an injury due to volleyball. According to results found in this study, the knee, ankle and shoulder were the most frequently injured sites. 79 Participants reported to have sustained an injury, 67 participants reported to have a present injury and 60 participants reported a worst injury. The knee was found to be the most injured site in both the outdoor and indoor participants, followed by the ankle. The results in this study show that the use of protective gear can help minimise injury rates. 6 Conclusion: The prevalence and risk factors of amateur outdoor and indoor volleyball players in a KwaZulu-Natal North Coast region has been discussed in this study. With regards of number of injuries, the results have shown that there is no significant difference between outdoor and indoor volleyball players. In terms of the site of injuries, the lower limb was affected the most in comparison to the rest of the body. Results in this study have shown that outdoor players sustained more knee injuries whilst indoor players showed a high number of ankle injuries.

Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Health in partial compliance with the requirements for the Masters Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, 2009. / Objectives: To determine the prevalence and risk factors of amateur outdoor and indoor volleyball players in a KwaZulu-Natal North Coast region. Methods: The location of the study was the KwaZulu-Natal North Coast region, which includes two of its districts, viz, Tongaat (Indoor) and Kwa Dukuza (Outdoor). A total of 115 out of a possible 160 volleyball players participated in this study which comprised of 68 outdoor and 47 indoor players. The answering of the questionnaires was done on separate days for both the districts. On the allocated days, they were given a letter of information (Appendix B) to read and the questionnaires (Appendix C) to answer. Participation in the study was voluntary and consent was given by filling in the questionnaire. The researcher was present on this day to supervise and to collect the completed questionnaires immediately after the session was completed. Results: Out of a total of 115 participants, 79 (68.7%) of the participants sustained an injury due to volleyball. According to results found in this study, the knee, ankle and shoulder were the most frequently injured sites. 79 Participants reported to have sustained an injury, 67 participants reported to have a present injury and 60 participants reported a worst injury. The knee was found to be the most injured site in both the outdoor and indoor participants, followed by the ankle. The results in this study show that the use of protective gear can help minimise injury rates. 6 Conclusion: The prevalence and risk factors of amateur outdoor and indoor volleyball players in a KwaZulu-Natal North Coast region has been discussed in this study. With regards of number of injuries, the results have shown that there is no significant difference between outdoor and indoor volleyball players. In terms of the site of injuries, the lower limb was affected the most in comparison to the rest of the body. Results in this study have shown that outdoor players sustained more knee injuries whilst indoor players showed a high number of ankle injuries.