Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the Duhok region’s innovation strategy and to be able to see how regional development and the entrepreneurial development tackle the innovation and innovation strategy in everyday life. Theory: The starting point for the theoretical framework for this study is the concept of innovation – what is it and why is it valuable to an organization? But the focus of the study is to compare the Sörmland region innovation strategy with the Duhok region innovation strategy, if Duhok has an innovation strategy. The theoretical description that follows in this chapter is based mainly on secondary data in the form of scientific papers and books in the areas mentioned above. Great emphasis has been placed on the source-critical criteria mentioned in chapter two in both the selection and review. Method: This second chapter provides a detailed description of the approach used in the study. Selection of the research approach and perspective on the interpretation and analysis, and it will give the reader an understanding of the study process. Empirical Result: In the empirical chapter, the researcher has transcribed the interviews and made it clear they were interviewed response and summarized the text out of them replies received from persons interviewed. Analysis: The researcher will analyze what he thinks is the most important for the research. The analysis chapter is an important chapter because of the result and the discussion. Discussion: In this chapter there would be discussion about regional innovation for Duhok region. In the Discussion chapter the researcher talks about implementation of innovation strategy with help from a model called The Strategy Planning (TSP) model. The creation of TSP and further researcher are also included in discussion chapter.

The proposed research aspires to provide new insight on issues of applied Roadmapping and advance the state of the art in Roadmapping and its practice. It provides a conceptual model and an integrated process framework for the development of a Third Generation, Meso-level, Co-innovation Dynamic Roadmapping (from now on called ‘Dynamic Roadmapping’), which integrates policy, research, industry, and organisational roadmapping methodologies, in order to manage the development and adoption of systemic innovations in complex domains. It has been developed to meet the needs of increasingly complex systemic innovations where multiple organisations are involved as co-innovators and many other intermediaries and decision makers need to be included in the innovation adoption process. These types of innovations are usually driven by the interplay of multi-dimensional and cross-impacting factors derived from changes in social, market, economic, political and technology systems. Thus, the ‘Dynamic Roadmapping’ does not presuppose a single desired future for complex domains, but several futures, based on the complementary strategic perspectives of inter-dependent stakeholders, which need to be contextualised and negotiated at various sectoral, national and regional levels in order to be adopted. The ‘Dynamic Roadmapping’ approach supports the achievement of the realisation of the desired futures through two main components: a ‘co-innovation group’ and an ‘observatory function’. The co-innovation group is formed from all the necessary co-innovators, adopters, decision makers and users that are needed in order for the innovations to be developed and adopted. Their function is predominately ‘normative’ describing “what they want to happen” and “how” it will happen. The observatory function provides foresight and sense making methodologies to the co-innovation group, in order to constantly review and adapt their roadmaps in light of the emerging changes that can impact the roadmaps’ realisation and adoption. A conceptual model and its theoretical grounding have been built in order to bridge support for roadmapping activities among different innovative communities (e.g. in policy, research, industry and practice) and foster their collaboration via stakeholders’ innovation networks. The proposed conceptual model and its process framework have been evaluated in a case study in order to establish its validity in the European context and provide implications to theory and practice. A pilot of this framework is first implemented for the area of Technology Enhanced Learning (TEL). The impact of this research is: - Managing uncertainty in Future planning - Managing and implementing emergent Roadmaps for systemic innovations - Monitoring and adapt the produced Roadmaps according to change factors in emerging reality - Ensure their adoption in complex domain This research work has been funded by an EU Marie-Curry Fellowship grant via the DYRECT project no. 255182. The proposed integrated framework has been adopted by the EU TEL-Map project (in education sector) and EU CRe-AM project (in creative industry sector). It has been documented in many European project deliverables as well as in international conference papers, and in journal papers.

The work is analyzing strategies of a real service providing company doing business in the Czech Republic. It investigates its capability to deal with the changing environment and to face problems in its field - the entertainment industry. In order to see the company's future potential it looks deep into its individual strategies leading to reach the preset goals and examines in detail its main products. Also, it studies its relationship with employees, clients, suppliers and competition. Then, it weights its marketing tools to suggest the appropriate ones according to the chosen segment of its positionning.

The main objective of this thesis is to study the impact of Apple Inc. innovation activities on its successful performance. Specification of this goal implies the existence of a direct relationship between the development of company's net sales and the development of its market value. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part where the theoretical part is focused on the issues of invention and innovation, the innovation process and, last but not least, the link between innovation, strategic management and marketing. The theoretical part also defines the understanding of the term "successful performance of the company" in accordance with the main objective of this thesis. The practical part is focused on the application of gathered knowledge. It aims to assess the impact of innovation activities on the development of Apple Inc. net sales and to analyze the competitive position of its major product categories in the context of individual markets. Furthermore, the practical part is focused on Apple Inc. market capitalization, as a defined indicator of the company's success, its historical position and comparison with major competitors in the technology industry. Applying the method of linear regression analysis, the final section of the thesis evaluates the existence of the relationship described above and provides a possible product innovation charter of Apple Inc.

This diploma thesis works with innovation that is described as a key factor of development in global economy. First charter described management approach to innovation in enterprise and consequent micro economical view is followed by macro economical analysis of innovation. The main aim of this part is to define key factors that affect innovation and competitiveness of economy. The third charter is dedicated to institutional framework on innovation in European Union, United States of America, Japan and China. The result of thesis is a set of theoretical recommendations and simple model of innovation company and economy.

The rapid convergence of collaborative technologies, democratisation of digital communication and consumerisation of Smart Grid infrastructure (i.e.: smart metering and distribution substation automation) have faltered the efficacy of centralised command-and-control and its insular sub-culture. For complex firms in today's creative economy, this infers that management innovation (MI)—“an induced managerial capacity to search for novel ways to create value”, is rapidly becoming liabilities unless it is innovatively managed for overcoming the inertia of discontinuity opportunities. The raison d'être of this thesis is to investigate the generative managerial processes through which MI can be fostered for experimentation and innovatively managed for acceleration. It comprises four qualitative case studies that involved in-depth interviews, surveys, public records and archival documentaries of four Canadian energy and utilities organisations. The conclusions are fascinating both expected and unanticipated. I found that many, if not most, of the contemporaneous routines of pyramidal target-setting and benchmark-driven cultures are ubiquitously evident. Business planning and risk management still function, albeit the objects of those tenets are different. These quasi-objects include, but are not limited to, organic structures, web-enabled paradigm, pragmatic mindset of middle-down-up crowdsourcing and fragmented evaluation of efforts to evoke the innovative management of management innovation (IMMI). Further adjacent to the quest for driving renewed growth, a new governing dynamic is hinging upon the IMMI that forges a pattern for resiliency and sustainability. Managers capitalise on the epistemic IMMI to regain competitive advantage while enduring endogenous fiefdoms and exogenous disruptions. They catalyse information semantically, harness collective capability effectively, stage prolifically faster MI experimentations and accelerate the cycle of MI more pervasively. I henceforth propose a unified managerial process, dubbed the "Cloverleaf 4S Model" (Strategise—Synchronise—Steward—Sustain). Implicit in this approach, managers believe that their finely-tailored practices epitomise an evolutionary process of deliberate selection in the pursuit for distinctive MI capabilities and expanding authority dynamics in the managership. This allows for self-adaptive mechanisms shifting from silos to swarming as well as the indigenous aspects of IMMI practices—exaptation, cognitive flexibility, speed to adaptation and executional excellence. The implication of this study presents heuristical insights to managers in galvanising perennial innovation and unlocking their IMMI to build an agile, intelligent enterprise.

Submitted by Adriana Alves Rodrigues (aalves@espm.br) on 2018-08-07T14:25:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Aldo_ Jose _Brunhara 15.dez.2017 (4).pdf: 1847598 bytes, checksum: cc07db41a902201f1c611a2b40107b13 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Alves Rodrigues (aalves@espm.br) on 2018-08-07T14:26:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Aldo_ Jose _Brunhara 15.dez.2017 (4).pdf: 1847598 bytes, checksum: cc07db41a902201f1c611a2b40107b13 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Cristina Ropero (ana@espm.br) on 2018-08-07T16:19:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Aldo_ Jose _Brunhara 15.dez.2017 (4).pdf: 1847598 bytes, checksum: cc07db41a902201f1c611a2b40107b13 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Cristina Ropero (ana@espm.br) on 2018-08-07T16:19:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Aldo_ Jose _Brunhara 15.dez.2017 (4).pdf: 1847598 bytes, checksum: cc07db41a902201f1c611a2b40107b13 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T16:19:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Aldo_ Jose _Brunhara 15.dez.2017 (4).pdf: 1847598 bytes, checksum: cc07db41a902201f1c611a2b40107b13 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-05 / The objective of this thesis was to verify the association of the Ambidexterity strategy with the formation of non-localized capacities (NLB-FSAs) in subsidiaries of Multinational Companies. The theoretical framework that underpinned the thesis was the resource-based view in international business and the OLI paradigm reflected in the discussion of the organizational capacities of foreign subsidiaries. The quantitative survey was conducted in April 2017 with foreign subsidiaries operating in Brazil. A total of 289 valid responses were received from various segments: industry, commerce and services. To test the model, multiple regression techniques were applied using the PLS (Partial Least Squares) system. The results confirm that Ambidexterity is associated with NLBFSA formation indirectly. Ambidexterity leads to local capacity building, in the form of LB-FSAs (Located Bound - Firm Specific Advantages). Subsidiaries with LB-FSAs present greater competitiveness, which in turn enables the subsidiary to transfer knowledge in the form of NLB-FSAs for the multinational's network. In theoretical terms, this research strengthens the RBV - Resource Based View and Dunning’s OLI theory (1980), more specifically, Ownership and Internalization, whereby through the ownership and exploitation of its resources abroad, MNEs develop and internalized capabilities, in the form of NLB-FSAs, from emerging markets. Regarding to the studies on Ambidexterity, the thesis shows that ambidextrous companies develop NLB-FSAs from the LB-FSAs capabilities that allow the improvement of Competitiveness. Additionally, it fulfills a gap in the studies on Ambidexterity since there are no studies on the impact of Ambidexterity on the formation of organizational capacities, LB-FSAs and NLB-FSAs in subsidiaries of multinational companies operating in Brazil. In terms of contribution to management, it supports in the definition of the strategic management model of multinationals, since, by using ambidextrous strategies, it enables the development of competitive organizational capacities from an emerging country. / O objetivo desta tese foi o de verificar a associação da estratégia de Ambidestria, com a formação de capacidades não locais (NLB-FSAs - Non Located Bound - Firm Specific Advantages) em subsidiárias de Empresas Multinacionais. O marco teórico que sustentou a tese foi a visão baseada em recursos em negócios internacionais e o paradigma OLI refletido na discussão das capacidades organizacionais de subsidiárias estrangeiras. A pesquisa quantitativa, do tipo survey foi conduzida em abril de 2017 com subsidiárias estrangeiras que operam no Brasil. Foram recebidas 289 respostas válidas, de segmentos variados: indústria, comércio e serviços. Para testar o modelo, técnicas de regressão múltiplas foram aplicadas utilizando-se o sistema PLS (Partial Least Squares). Os resultados confirmam que a Ambidestria está associada à formação de NLB-FSA de maneira indireta. A Ambidestria leva à formação de capacidades locais, em forma de LB-FSAs (Located Bound - Firm Specific Advantages). Subsidiárias com LB-FSAs apresentam maior Competitividade, que por sua vez possibilita a subsidiária transbordar o conhecimento na forma de NLB-FSAs para a rede da multinacional. Em termos teóricos, a pesquisa fortalece a teoria VBR - Visão Baseada em Recursos e do OLI de Dunning (1980), mais especificamente, Ownership e Internalization, em que por meio da propriedade e exploração de seus recursos no exterior, as EMNs desenvolvem capacidades internalizadas, na forma de NLB-FSAs, a partir de mercados emergentes. Com relação aos estudos sobre Ambidestria, a tese evidencia que empresas ambidestras desenvolvem NLBFSAs a partir das capacidades LB-FSAs que possibilitam a melhoria da Competitividade. Adicionalmente, preenche um gap nos estudos sobre Ambidestria, uma vez que há ausência de estudos sobre o impacto da Ambidestria na formação de capacidades organizacionais, LB-FSAs e NLB-FSAs por subsidiárias de empresas multinacionais que atuam no Brasil Em termos de contribuição para gestão, auxilia na definição do modelo de gestão estratégica das multinacionais, uma vez que, ao usar estratégias ambidestras, possibilita o desenvolvimento de capacidades organizacionais competitivas a partir de um país emergente.

This paper draws on evidence from Victoria to examine why more innovation takes place in some areas than in others. In so doing, it explores the relationship between innovation and networks. / Despite a large number of recent government policy statements on innovation, there has been very little attention paid to the spatial dimensions of innovation. / The literature on innovation increasingly points to the important role played by local and regional networks in driving innovation. Innovation is the result of the production, use and diffusion of knowledge, and this demands collaboration involving networks of individuals, organisations and institutions. / To test the theory of a connection between networks and innovation across regional Victoria, patent data is used as a proxy measure for innovation. This data is then cross-referenced with various social and economic data sets. / The analysis reveals that innovation in Victoria is substantially concentrated in ‘hot spots’ such as inner Melbourne. In some parts of Victoria very little innovation takes place at all. / This research has found that all things being equal, more innovation will take place in those areas in which there is a greater density of informal networks. However, not all types of networks are positive, and they are more important in provincial areas than in big cities. Innovation clearly has a spatial aspect, and innovation policy needs to give particular attention to the requirements of provincial areas.

In recent decades, it became more evident concern for sustainable development and environmental preservation, which debate from an individual to a global discussion, including the business. In these terms, the growing concern for the environment and the possible shortage of oil transformed the issue of biofuels to an important topic in Brazil and abroad. In Brazil, aiming to stimulate the production of biofuels, the government created the National Biodiesel Production and Social Fuel Seal, which includes the social dimension of sustainable development, promoting social inclusion of family farmers linked to production activities of oil for the industrialization of biodiesel. In this context, firms can be the primary parts of the strategy proposed by the government, to leveraging sustainable development in Brazil. Given this reality, this study aimed to identify the impact of the Social Fuel Seal in corporate management of south Brazilian companies that decided to adopt this certification, considering the dimensions of sustainable development, innovation and company strategy. To cover the proposed objective, it was used the case study methodology, with a qualitative and descriptive approach. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews, conducted via digital voice recorder, in loco, with a professional with knowledge about the Social Fuel Seal and its management in biodiesel companies that has the Social Fuel Seal certificate, located in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, BsBios, Camera, Granol, Oleoplan e Olfar. In order to support the analysis of this research, it was conducted an assessment tool, used to structure the data collection instrument. The interpretation and data analysis were given mainly in a qualitative approach, using document analysis and content analysis. The results showed that the Social Fuel Seal impacts on businesses in the context of sustainable development, innovation and strategy. The label brings changes for companies and is envisioned as an opportunity for market inclusion. The Social Fuel Seal brings to the companies a competitive advantage in a market still in development, but with good prospects for development and growth. / Nas ultimas décadas, tornou-se mais evidente a preocupação com o desenvolvimento sustentável e preservação ambiental, que migraram de debates singulares para reflexões globais, inclusive para o meio empresarial. Nesses termos, em virtude da crescente preocupação com o meio ambiente e a possível escassez do petróleo, a temática dos biocombustíveis vem ganhando corpo no Brasil e no mundo, sendo que no Brasil, visando estimular a produção dos bicombustíveis, o governo criou o Programa Nacional de Produção de Biodiesel- PNPB e o Selo Combustível Social- SCS, que abrange a dimensão social do desenvolvimento sustentável, promovendo a inclusão social de agricultores familiares ligados a atividades de produção de oleaginosas para industrialização de biodiesel. Assim, neste contexto, as empresas aparecem como peças primordiais da estratégia voltada a alavancar o desenvolvimento sustentável no Brasil proposta pelo governo. Diante dessa realidade, o presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar o impacto do selo combustível social na gestão das empresas gaúchas que decidiram pela adoção dessa certificação, considerando as dimensões do desenvolvimento sustentável, da inovação e da estratégia da empresa. Para abarcar o objetivo proposto, utilizou-se a metodologia de estudo de caso, de abordagem qualitativa e caráter descritivo. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, realizadas por meio de gravador de voz digital, in loco, de 09 de dezembro de 2011 a 31 de janeiro de 2012, com profissional com conhecimento sobre o selo combustível social e sua gestão nas empresas produtoras de biodiesel, portadoras do selo combustível social, localizadas no estado do RS, a citar BsBios, Camera, Granol, Oleoplan, e Olfar. Com o intuito de sustentar a análise da pesquisa, elaborou-se uma ferramenta de avaliação que foi utilizada também para a estruturação do instrumento de coleta de dados. A interpretação e análise de dados se deram, preponderantemente, de forma qualitativa, pela análise documental e análise de conteúdo. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que o selo impacta nas empresas, tanto no âmbito do desenvolvimento sustentável, como na inovação e na estratégia. O selo traz consigo mudanças para as empresas e ele é vislumbrado como uma oportunidade para inserção das mesmas no mercado. Os impactos causados, por sua vez, são assimilados, trazendo para as empresas detentoras do selo uma vantagem competitiva em um mercado ainda em desenvolvimento, mas com boas perspectivas de evolução e crescimento.

This short paper considers all possible stakeholders in different stages of a sustainability transition and matches their behavioral features and diversity to policies. This will involve an assessment of potential or expected responses of stakeholders to a range of policy instruments. Following the Multi-Level Perspective framework to conceptualize sustainability transitions, we classify the various transition policies at niche, regime and landscape levels. Next, we offer a complementary classification of policies based on a distinction between social preferences and bounded rationality. The paper identifies many barriers to making a sustainability transition and how to respond to them. In addition, lessons are drawn from the case of Denmark. The detailed framework and associated literature for the analysis was discussed in Milestone 31 of the WWWforEurope project (Gazheli et al., 2012). / Series: WWWforEurope