Thesis. 1978. M.C.P.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Includes bibliographical references. / by Stewart Landers. / M.C.P.

Fu Li. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 173-186). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.2 / Acknowledgement --- p.4 / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.5 / Is the Internet an agent of empowerment in Chinese journalism? --- p.6 / Thesis organization --- p.12 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- "Theoretical Background and ""Mediationist"" Perspective" --- p.15 / "Changing technology, changing human communication" --- p.15 / Internet as a liberalizing force --- p.24 / Change or continuity? --- p.29 / The third way: a mediationist perspective --- p.33 / Concluding remarks --- p.37 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- "Internet, Journalists and Media Reform with a Chinese Character" --- p.39 / Hegemonic control: Institutional settings for China's Internet --- p.39 / Dancing with shackles: Journalists in China's media reform --- p.45 / Empowerment of journalists in a Chinese context --- p.58 / Concluding remarks --- p.60 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Research Questions and Methodology --- p.62 / Research questions --- p.62 / Research methods --- p.64 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Chinese Journalists' Internet Usage in News Making --- p.72 / News resource --- p.74 / Reference framework --- p.82 / Supplementary media outlet channel --- p.86 / Concluding remarks --- p.89 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Patterns of the Internet's Impact on Journalists' News Making --- p.91 / Reinforcement of the media's surveillance role --- p.91 / Facilitation of news values reorientation --- p.101 / Promotion of news timeliness --- p.106 / Improvement of news making efficiency --- p.109 / Concluding remarks --- p.113 / Chapter Chapter 7 --- Internet's Situational Empowerment on News Making Practices --- p.115 / Situationality of the Internet's impact --- p.116 / Characteristics of situational empowerment --- p.130 / Social mechanisms of situational empowerment --- p.147 / Concluding remarks --- p.154 / Chapter Chapter 8 --- Conclusion and Discussion --- p.156 / Mediationist perspective on the Internet's impact on Chinese journalists --- p.158 / Implications for Chinese journalism reform --- p.161 / Limitations of the research --- p.164 / Appendices --- p.166 / Bibliography --- p.173

Online advertising has built a market of hundreds of billions of dollars and still continues to grow. With well developed techniques in big data storage, data mining and analytics, online advertising is able to reach targeted audiences e ctively. Real- time bidding refers to the buying and selling of online ad impressions through ad inventory auctions which occur in the time it takes a webpage to load. How to de- termine the bidding price and how to allocate the budget of advertising is the key to successful ad campaigns. Both of these aspects are fundamental to most campaign optimizations and we will introduce both of them in this thesis. For bidding price determination, we improved the estimation of CTR (Click Through Rate) (one of the most important factors of determining the bidding price) by using a re ned hierar- chical tree structure for the estimation. The result of the experiment and the A/B test showed our proposal can provide stable improvement. For budget allocation, we introduce SCO (Single Campaign Optimization) and CCO (Cross Campaign Opti- mization). SCO has been applied by our commercial partner while CCO needs more research. We will rst introduce the methods of SCO and then give our proposal about CCO. We modeled CCO as a LP (Linear Programming) problem as well as designed an e ective procedure to implement optimal impressions distribution. Our simulation showed our proposal can signi cantly increase global Gross Pro t (GP). / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2017. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Buddhist translation has a long history and has become one of the most important translation activities in the new millennium. It plays an important role in popularizing the Buddhist doctrine and in facilitating the exchange of views on the Dharma between East and West. / But the sheer volume of texts to be translated and the complex nature of Buddhist translation bring challenges to translators. The use of electronic translation tools might provide a way out. To explore translation technology for the rendition of Buddhist texts and to evaluate its possible contributions, my research introduces six computational approaches to Buddhist translation. They highlight the significance of combining human intelligence and artificial intelligence in the process of translation. / I hope my research will help revolutionize Buddhist translation in the information age. It will also provide new insights into translation technology, Translation Studies, Buddhist studies, and translation activities in other domains. / The present research consists of 10 parts: Chapter 1 is the introduction, with the objectives and methodology explained. Chapter 2 (i) redefines Buddhist translation in a global context, and (ii) introduces the idea of translating Buddhist texts with technology. Chapters 3-8 explore the six approaches to bring technology and Buddhist translation together. Chapter 3 discusses the use of existing translation tools (e.g., translation engines and translation memory databases) and electronic resources (e.g., electronic Buddhist dictionaries). Chapter 4 presents a dialogue-based approach highlighting the interaction between human translators and virtual translation assistants. Chapter 5 examines a stepwise approach featuring human-aided natural language processing in a series of translation sub-tasks. Chapter 6 concerns itself with a hint-based approach involving computer-assisted human translation based on the automatic generation of translation tips and instant suggestions. Chapter 7 focuses on a collaborative approach to the open translation of Buddhist texts. Chapter 8 studies a new form of e-text that provides readers with new ways to interact with not only the target text but also other readers and translators. Chapter 9 examines possible ways to integrate the six approaches in different translation scenarios. Chapter 10 is the conclusion. / This study is a pioneer attempt to (i) explore computational approaches to the rendition of Buddhist texts and (ii) examine how these approaches might change the world of Buddhist translation in the digital era. / 蕭世昌. / Advisers: Sin Wai Chan; Yau Yuk Chong. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 73-09(E), Section: A, page: . / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 306-318) / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Xiao Shichang.

Activists are increasingly relying on online tactics and digital tools to address social issues. This shift towards reliance on the Internet has been shown to have salient implications for social movement formation processes; however, the effectiveness of such actions for achieving specific goals remains largely unaddressed. This study explores how the types of Internet activism and digital tools used by activism campaigns relate to success in meeting stated goals. To address these questions, the study builds on an existing framework that distinguishes between four distinct types of Internet activism: brochure-ware, which is oriented towards information distribution; e-mobilizations, which treats digital media merely as a tool for mobilizing individuals offline; online participation, which is characterized by wholly online actions such as e-petitions or virtual protests; and online organizing, where organization of a movement takes place exclusively via the internet with no face-to-face coordination by organizers. Ordinal regression models were conducted utilizing cross-sectional data from the Global Digital Activism Data Set (GDADS), a compilation of information on 426 activism campaigns from around the world that began between 2010 and 2012; additional data regarding the types of Internet activism used was also appended to the GDADS using source materials provided within the data set. The findings suggest that use of the Internet for mobilizing offline actions is negatively associated with campaign success, but that this does not hold true for protest actions organized without use of digital tools. E-petition use was also found to be negatively related to achievement of campaign goals.

This study explores perceptions regarding the existence and influence of occupational subcultures on commercialisation outcomes in four Australian hybrid industry-research organisations. The thesis proposition is that occupational subcultures exist within Australian Cooperative Research Centres (CRCs) and impact commercialisation outcomes; the distinctly different knowledge and skills that provide reason for research and commercial groups to collaborate, may simultaneously create obstacles to communication and cooperation. Understanding and considering the impact of occupational cultures that underpin the actions and decisions taken by member organisations and individuals, may be important in hybrid industry-research organisations. The findings of this study extend and challenge some of the management practices recommended by extant innovation research. In particular, the finding that process management techniques functioned to ease the transition from exploration to exploitation activities during commercialisation in one CRC contradicts advice to isolate exploration activities from process management. Directions for future research include the investigation of temporal orientations in research and commercial occupational subcultures in the context of commercialisation in hybrid-industry research organisations. Temporal attributes encompass planning horizons, mono and polychronicity, and attributes towards pace and punctuality. Additionally, the findings regarding the impact of argumentation styles upon commercialisation justify further research to examine different national settings, industry sectors and occupational communities. / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 192-205). Also available in electronic version.

Five years have passed since Helen R. Tibbo and Lokman I. Meho conducted their study exploring how well six Web search engines retrieved electronic finding aids based on phrase and word searches of terms taken directly from the finding aids. This study similarly seeks to discover how well current search engines Google, Yahoo! Search, MSN Search, AOL Search, Excite, and Ask Jeeves retrieved finding aids chosen at random from 25 North American primary source repositories. In March 2005, approximately 27% of repositories listed at the “Repositories of Primary Resources” web site had at least four full finding aids online, a substantial increase from 8% in 2000. This study affirmed phrase searches yielding better retrieval results than word searches. Encouragingly, the retrieval rates for phrase and word searches within electronic finding aids were approximately 20% higher than Tibbo and Meho’s findings despite the existence of several billion more World Wide Web pages in 2005.

Innovative companies in technologically advanced environments have to deal with the consequences of choosing between a resource based strategy and possibly missing out on the benefits of cooperative knowledge, or collaborating with their network of suppliers, customers and even competitors and risk diluting their competitive advantage. This thesis is concerned with the cooperative aspect within intricate networks of technologically innovative firms. To gain a better understanding of this phenomena, the most innovative sector in Sweden has been chosen for a case study. The purpose of this thesis is to explore the dynamics of innovation within the telecom sector in Sweden, and determine the level of cooperation within the telecom sector, in terms of the flows of information and embeddedness. The method chosen to fulfil this purpose was via a qualitative approach, and in the form of a case study. Relevant data was collected through five interviews with key personnel within the two companies of interest (Ericsson & TeliaSonera), and triangulated with secondary quantitative and qualitative data. Results indicate that the Swedish telecom sector benefits from a fertile environment that fosters innovative activity, and to that reason it has claimed leadership in the worldwide telecommunications industry. Additionally, this same environment promotes collaboration between the different actors in the sector. A closer examination of the cooperation between TeliaSonera and Ericsson in the 4G network roll-out, indicates that the cooperation, albeit being successful, could be ameliorated further through an increased embeddedness of the partnership.

This study investigates the underlying factors influencing the large variances in innovation performance among the Chinese regions. What is specified in the study is the issue of the knowledge divide in China as existing regional inequalities have appeared in conjunction with the production of knowledge and innovation in its transformation into an innovation-driven economy. While the Chinese innovation system has achieved some promising developments at the aggregate level over the past few years, the inequality between the coastal and inland regions are widening with substantial disparities in the level of innovation capacity. In order to understand the major reasons for this new trend in regional divergence, the study explores the different levels of innovation activities among the provincial-level regions of China and analyzes the determinants of regional innovation capacity, employing a comprehensive and unified framework of a regional innovation system. The overall results suggest that while the Chinese regional innovation systems have evolved over time, increasing human and capital resources in innovation and accumulated knowledge stock/the level of economic development, together with the development of innovation-enhancing policies, industrial cluster environment, and linkages between innovation actors, are all crucial determinants of regional innovation capacity, leading to significant disparities in the level of innovation capacity among Chinese regions.