Neste trabalho, utiliza-se o modelo de insumo-produto de Leontief, em sua variante nacional, estática e aberta, para quantificar alguns benefícios indiretos gerados por um investimento em construção e manutenção de obras de infra-estrutura de transporte. Estes benefícios são conseqüência do aumento da produção gerado pelo investimento, uma vez que há uma parcela de produção de qualquer bem ou serviço que corresponde a um aumento de riqueza para a região receptora do investimento. Procura-se mostrar que esse aumento de riqueza deve ser considerado como um beneficio indireto adicional, e que a busca da identificação da magnitude desse valor adicionado à economia pode fazer a diferença entre múltiplas alternativas de investimento. Sugere-se que o resultado dessa quantificação possa fazer parte de métodos mais flexíveis de avaliação como os métodos multi-objetivos e multi-critérios. / At this work, the national static open Leontief\'s input-output model is used in order to measure some indirect benefits generated as a consequence of investment in construction and maintenance of transportation infrastructure facilities. These benefits are generated by an increase in production, once there is always a part of the production of goods and services which implies on a growth of wealth for the region into which the investment is applied. It is shown that this increase of wealth has to be taken in to account as an additional indirect benefit, and that searching for identification of the magnitude of that value added into the economy could make the difference among several investment alternatives. It is suggested that the results of that measurement could be considered in more flexible evaluation methods, such as multi-objectives and multi-criteria methods.

Summary in Chinese. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong. / Bibliography: leave 116-117.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1981. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Bibliography: leaves BIB 1-BIB 6. / by F. Ron Jones. / Ph.D.

Thesis. 1976. M.S.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. / Microfiche copy available in Archives and Engineering. / Includes bibliographical references. / by Antonio C. Gellineau. / M.S.

The supply chain risk management discipline studies how to address daily and extraordinary risks to avoid vulnerability and to guarantee production continuity. In the case of the electricity sector, the economic impact of interrupting the power supply is depicted by an indicator called the deficit cost, measured in monetary unit per electricity consumption unit (for example, in Brazil, R$/MWh). This value is commonly applied to cost-benefit analysis that results in decisions about maintenance and investment in the electricity system in the medium and long term, in addition to composing the short-term energy price. Most countries in the world have a thermal energy matrix, and cases in which interruption problems occur are mainly due to punctual failures in generation or transmission and last a few hours or days until maintenance is concluded. Brazil, however, has been strongly dependent on hydrological conditions ever since the main generation source became hydroelectric. Since restricted energy supply scenarios last longer, from weeks to months, a better measure for the electricity structural deficit impact is the economic loss in the deficit-affected regional production, translated as the GDP (gross domestic product) region. This dissertation estimates the Brazilian GDP marginal loss due to power deficits by applying an input-output (I/O) matrix analysis methodology and concludes that the officially adopted deficit cost is underestimated. / Sem resumo em português.

O presente trabalho tem como principal objetivo mostrar de forma empírica a importância relativa do setor agrícola na estrutura produtiva do estado do Mato Grosso, o qual tem apresentado um excepcional desempenho da atividade agrícola no contexto atual. Para tanto, utiliza-se de um modelo insumo-produto inter-regional construído para duas regiões, a saber, Mato Grosso e resto do Brasil, referente ao ano de 1999. A partir dos indicadores desta metodologia, procura-se identificar os setores mais importantes das economias em questão, seus encadeamentos e a propagação de impactos entre as regiões. Além disso, o trabalho faz ainda uma aplicação do modelo para verificar qual o impacto das exportações mato-grossenses, em especial da soja, sobre a produção total, valor adicionado e número de empregos gerados na economia, bem como calcula o PIB do agronegócio da soja no Mato Grosso, além de verificar qual o impacto causado na produção dos transportes rodoviário e ferroviário, nas duas regiões, ao atender a demanda final de cada atividade pertencente ao estado do Mato Grosso. Pelos resultados obtidos, pode-se confirmar a hipótese formulada a respeito da importância dos setores primários para a economia do estado. De acordo com os índices puros de ligações, verificou-se que os setores agrícolas como Soja, Bovinos e Outros da pecuária, foram considerados como chave ou pólos de desenvolvimento econômico na região em estudo, em função de suas fortes relações de compra e venda de insumos na economia. Além destes, quatro setores diretamente relacionados à agropecuária foram também identificados como chave, a saber: Fabricação de óleos vegetais, Abate de bovinos, Abate de outros animais e Álcool. Em especial merece destaque a cultura da soja no Mato Grosso, que embora tenha uma baixa geração direta de emprego e renda, apresenta um elevado efeito multiplicador destas variáveis na economia, uma característica intrínseca de setores altamente produtivos e intensivos em capital, além de destacar-se também como pólo de desenvolvimento econômico em função de suas fortes ligações, conforme mencionado no parágrafo anterior. As evidências empíricas confirmaram também a importância do setor em termos de suas exportações, as quais causam importante impacto na produção e geração de empregos em diversos outros setores, além de atrair ganhos cambiais ao país. Finalmente, o trabalho desenvolve um ferramental útil para a formulação de políticas públicas para o estado do Mato Grosso, embora sejam necessárias algumas atualizações e refinamentos da metodologia utilizada, para que se possa desenvolver um instrumental de avaliação de políticas de estímulo ao desenvolvimento da infra-estrutura de transportes da região, uma vez que esta última constitui-se peça fundamental ao crescimento econômico. / The main goal of this study is to show the empiric frame of the relative importance of agricultural sector into the productive framework of the Mato Grosso State, which has shown an exceptional agricultural activities growth in the actual context. For this purposes, it becomes useful to adopt an inter-regional input-output model built for two regions: Mato Grosso State and rest of Brazil, regarding to 1999. From the indicators of this methodology, it looks for finding the more important sectors of those economies, and its linkages and impacts between the regions as well. Moreover, this study even encourages to make some simulations to verify how the Mato Grosso’s exportations impacts on the total product, income and employment, specially those ones originated from soybean. It was possible to calculate the Mato Grosso’s soybean agribusiness GDP (Gross Domestic Product), besides verifying how much impacts were generated on highways and railways transports. According to results obtained, it is possible to confirm the created hypotheses regarding importance of primary sectors for the state economy. According to pure linkages indexes, it was checked that some sectors such soybean production, beef cattle production and other ones were considered like key sectors or economic developed pools for the region studied. In addition of those ones, four other sectors directly linked with agriculture were also found out like key sectors, so they are vegetable oils production, beef cattle and other slaughters, and alcohol production. The soybean crops is really a spot in Mato Grosso State, even though it has a low generation of directs income and employment. As a matter of fact, the soybean crops have a high multiplier effect on these economy variables, an own feature of highly productive and capital intensive sectors, and it is a prominence sector like a developing economic pool, as seen before. The empiric evidences confirmed the importance of sector in terms of its exportations too, which strongly impacts on product and employments generation in other ones sectors, besides attracting exchanges gains to the country. Finally, this input-output analysis creates an important tool to the public policy formulations of Mato Grosso State, although its important to make some updates and fits on the methodology applied to be able developing a whole evaluation instrumental kit of entire stimulant policies that might develop for example an efficient regional transport structure, due to this one consists of an essential device to the economic growth.

Neste trabalho, utiliza-se o modelo de insumo-produto de Leontief, em sua variante nacional, estática e aberta, para quantificar alguns benefícios indiretos gerados por um investimento em construção e manutenção de obras de infra-estrutura de transporte. Estes benefícios são conseqüência do aumento da produção gerado pelo investimento, uma vez que há uma parcela de produção de qualquer bem ou serviço que corresponde a um aumento de riqueza para a região receptora do investimento. Procura-se mostrar que esse aumento de riqueza deve ser considerado como um beneficio indireto adicional, e que a busca da identificação da magnitude desse valor adicionado à economia pode fazer a diferença entre múltiplas alternativas de investimento. Sugere-se que o resultado dessa quantificação possa fazer parte de métodos mais flexíveis de avaliação como os métodos multi-objetivos e multi-critérios. / At this work, the national static open Leontief\'s input-output model is used in order to measure some indirect benefits generated as a consequence of investment in construction and maintenance of transportation infrastructure facilities. These benefits are generated by an increase in production, once there is always a part of the production of goods and services which implies on a growth of wealth for the region into which the investment is applied. It is shown that this increase of wealth has to be taken in to account as an additional indirect benefit, and that searching for identification of the magnitude of that value added into the economy could make the difference among several investment alternatives. It is suggested that the results of that measurement could be considered in more flexible evaluation methods, such as multi-objectives and multi-criteria methods.

Tsang, Chi Chiu. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 66-69). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgement --- p.iii / Statement of Originality --- p.v / Table of Contents --- p.vii / List of Figures --- p.x / Nomenclature --- p.xii / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Motivation --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Objectives --- p.3 / Chapter 1.3 --- Contributions --- p.3 / Chapter 1.4 --- Thesis Organization --- p.4 / Chapter 2 --- A Ubiquitous Digital Writing System --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.5 / Chapter 2.2 --- MEMS Motion Sensing Technology --- p.6 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) --- p.6 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Principle of a MEMS Accelerometer --- p.6 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Principle of a MEMS Gyroscope --- p.7 / Chapter 2.3 --- Architecture of Ubiquitous Digital Writing System --- p.8 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Micro Inertial Measurement Unit (μlMU) --- p.8 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Data Transmission Module --- p.10 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- User Interface Software --- p.10 / Chapter 2.4 --- Summary --- p.12 / Chapter 3 --- Calibration of μ-Inertial Measurement Unit --- p.13 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.13 / Chapter 3.2 --- Sources of Error --- p.13 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Deterministic Errors --- p.13 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Stochastic Error --- p.14 / Chapter 3.3 --- Calibration of Accelerometers --- p.14 / Chapter 3.4 --- Coordinate Transformation with Gravity Compensation --- p.15 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Coordinate Transformation --- p.16 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Attitude Determination --- p.18 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Gravity Compensation --- p.19 / Chapter 3.5 --- Summary --- p.20 / Chapter 4 --- Zero Velocity Compensation --- p.21 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.21 / Chapter 4.2 --- Algorithm Description --- p.21 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Stroke Segmentation --- p.22 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Zero Velocity Compensation (ZVC) --- p.22 / Chapter 4.3 --- Experimental Results and Discussion --- p.23 / Chapter 4.4 --- Summary --- p.24 / Chapter 5 --- Kalman Filtering --- p.28 / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.28 / Chapter 5.2 --- Summary of Kalman filtering algorithm --- p.28 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- System Model --- p.28 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Initialization --- p.29 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Time Update --- p.32 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- Measurement Update --- p.33 / Chapter 5.2.5 --- Stroke Segmentation --- p.34 / Chapter 5.3 --- Summary --- p.34 / Chapter 6 --- Error Compensation from Position Feedback --- p.35 / Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.35 / Chapter 6.2 --- Global Positioning System (GPS) --- p.35 / Chapter 6.3 --- Zero z-axis Kalman Filtering --- p.36 / Chapter 6.3.1 --- Algorithm Implementation --- p.36 / Chapter 6.3.2 --- Experimental Results and Discussion --- p.40 / Chapter 6.4 --- Combined Electromagnetic Resonance (EMR) Position Detection Board and μlMU --- p.43 / Chapter 6.4.1 --- EMR Position Detection System --- p.43 / Chapter 6.4.2 --- A Combined Scheme --- p.44 / Chapter 6.4.3 --- Algorithm Implementation --- p.46 / Chapter 6.4.4 --- Synchronization --- p.50 / Chapter 6.4.5 --- Experimental Results and Discussion --- p.50 / Chapter 6.5 --- Summary --- p.54 / Chapter 7 --- Conclusion --- p.55 / Chapter 7.1 --- Future Work --- p.56 / Chapter 7.1.1 --- Improvement in the μlMU --- p.56 / Chapter 7.1.2 --- Combined Camera Optical Tracking and μlMU --- p.57 / Chapter 7.2 --- Concluding Remarks --- p.58 / Chapter A --- Derivation of Kalman Filtering Algorithm --- p.59 / Chapter A.1 --- Introduction --- p.59 / Chapter A.2 --- Derivation of a Priori State Estimation Equation --- p.60 / Chapter A.3 --- Derivation of a Posteriori State Estimation Equation --- p.60 / Chapter A.4 --- Derivation of a Priori Error Covariance Matrix --- p.61 / Chapter A.5 --- Derivation of the Optimal Kalman Gain --- p.62 / Chapter A.6 --- Derivation of a Posteriori Error Covariance Matrix --- p.63 / Chapter B --- Derivation of Process Noise Covariance Matrix --- p.64 / Bibliography --- p.66 / Publications --- p.69

Dong, Zhuxin. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 77-80). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.ii / 摘要 --- p.iii / Acknowledgements --- p.iv / Table of Contents --- p.v / List of Figures --- p.vii / List of Tables --- p.ix / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Architecture of UDWI --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2 --- Background of IMU Sensor Calibration --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3 --- Organization --- p.7 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- 2D Motion Calibration --- p.10 / Chapter 2.1 --- Experimental Platform --- p.10 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Transparent Table --- p.10 / Chapter 2.2 --- Matching Algorithm --- p.13 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Motion Analysis --- p.13 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Core Algorithm and Matching Criterion --- p.14 / Chapter 2.3 --- Usage of High Speed Camera --- p.17 / Chapter 2.4 --- Functions Realized --- p.17 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Usage of Camera Calibration --- p.21 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction to Camera Calibration --- p.21 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Related Coordinate Frames --- p.21 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Pin-Hole Model --- p.24 / Chapter 3.2 --- Calibration for Nonlinear Model --- p.27 / Chapter 3.3 --- Implementation of Process to Calibrate Camera --- p.28 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Image Capture --- p.28 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Define World Frame and Extract Corners --- p.28 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Main Calibration --- p.30 / Chapter 3.4 --- Calibration Results of High Speed Camera --- p.33 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Lens Selection --- p.33 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Property of High Speed Camera --- p.34 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- 3D Attitude Calibration --- p.36 / Chapter 4.1 --- The Necessity of Attitude Calibration --- p.36 / Chapter 4.2 --- Stereo Vision and 3D Reconstruction --- p.37 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Physical Meaning and Mathematical Model Proof --- p.37 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- 3D Point Reconstruction --- p.38 / Chapter 4.3 --- Example of 3D Point Reconstruction --- p.40 / Chapter 4.4 --- Idea of Attitude Calibration --- p.42 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Experimental Results --- p.45 / Chapter 5.1 --- Calculation of Proportional Parameter --- p.45 / Chapter 5.2 --- Accuracy Test of Stroke Reconstruction --- p.46 / Chapter 5.3 --- Writing Experiments of 26 Letters --- p.47 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Experimental Results of Letter b --- p.48 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Experimental Results of Letter n with ZVC --- p.51 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- Experimental Results of Letter u --- p.54 / Chapter 5.4 --- Writing of Single Letter s - Multiple Tests --- p.56 / Chapter 5.5 --- Analysis on Resolution Property of Current Vision Algorithm --- p.58 / Chapter 5.5.1 --- Resolution of Current Algorithm --- p.58 / Chapter 5.5.2 --- Tests with Various Filters --- p.59 / Chapter 5.6 --- Calculation of Static Attitude --- p.61 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Future Work --- p.64 / Chapter 6.1 --- Another Multiple Tests of Letter k --- p.64 / Chapter 6.2 --- Letter Recognition Based on Neural Networks Classification --- p.66 / Chapter Chapter 7 --- Conclusion --- p.69 / Chapter 7.1 --- Calibration ofMAG-μlMU Sensors --- p.69 / Chapter 7.2 --- Calibration of Accelerometers --- p.70 / Chapter 7.3 --- Calibration of Attitude --- p.70 / Chapter 7.4 --- Future Work --- p.71 / Appendix A The Experimental Results of Writing English Letters --- p.72

Ko, Hoi Fung. / "November 2011." / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 121-125). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgement --- p.iv / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Motivation and Objective --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Contribution --- p.9 / Chapter 1.3 --- Organization of the Thesis --- p.11 / Chapter 2 --- Background Study --- p.12 / Chapter 2.1 --- Review on 3D Tracking Techniques --- p.13 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Mechanical base --- p.13 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Acoustic base --- p.14 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Magnetic base --- p.15 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Inertial base --- p.17 / Chapter 2.1.5 --- Optical base --- p.18 / Chapter 2.2 --- Summary --- p.19 / Chapter 3 --- Theory and Methodology --- p.21 / Chapter 3.1 --- Design Framework --- p.21 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Problem Definition --- p.22 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Concept --- p.22 / Chapter 3.2 --- Finding the orientation --- p.23 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Measuring the rotation --- p.23 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Sensor fusion --- p.26 / Chapter 3.3 --- Finding the translational motion --- p.32 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Translational motion --- p.32 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Laser speckle pattern --- p.35 / Chapter 4 --- Implementation --- p.38 / Chapter 4.1 --- Hardware Configuration --- p.38 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Accelerometer --- p.39 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Gyroscope --- p.40 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- Digital Compass --- p.41 / Chapter 4.1.4 --- Optical flow chip --- p.42 / Chapter 4.1.5 --- Microcontroller --- p.43 / Chapter 4.2 --- Software Implementation --- p.45 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- On the Microcontroller --- p.45 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- On the PC --- p.47 / Chapter 5 --- Experimental Results --- p.50 / Chapter 5.1 --- Experiments on orientation estimation --- p.50 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Overall Experimental Setup --- p.51 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Experiment 1: The improvement of static accuracy by utilising two-axis measurement method --- p.52 / Chapter 5.1.3 --- Experiment 2: The improvement of the dynamic response with Kalman filter and gyroscope --- p.55 / Chapter 5.1.4 --- Experiments 3: The static accuracy of the compass module --- p.59 / Chapter 5.1.5 --- Experiment 4: The dynamic accuracy of the compass module with Kalman filter and gyroscope --- p.63 / Chapter 5.1.6 --- Experiment 5: Kalman filter tuning --- p.64 / Chapter 5.2 --- Experiment on Translational accuracy --- p.67 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Experiment 6: The relation between the output of the chip and the actual displacement --- p.68 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Experiment 7: Tracking ability with different materials --- p.70 / Chapter 6 --- The Haptic module --- p.73 / Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.73 / Chapter 6.2 --- Theory of operation --- p.75 / Chapter 6.3 --- Implementation --- p.77 / Chapter 6.4 --- Experiment and evaluation --- p.80 / Chapter 6.4.1 --- Experiment 1: Calibration of the spring . --- p.80 / Chapter 6.4.2 --- Experiment 2: Latency on force output . . --- p.82 / Chapter 6.5 --- Possible applications --- p.85 / Chapter 7 --- 3D input for immersive display --- p.87 / Chapter 7.1 --- Methodology --- p.88 / Chapter 7.1.1 --- Tracking method --- p.89 / Chapter 7.2 --- Implementation --- p.96 / Chapter 7.2.1 --- Hardware setup --- p.96 / Chapter 7.2.2 --- Software implementation --- p.97 / Chapter 7.2.3 --- Setup Calibration --- p.98 / Chapter 7.2.4 --- Laser Spot Detection --- p.99 / Chapter 7.2.5 --- Pose Estimation --- p.100 / Chapter 7.2.6 --- State Tracking --- p.102 / Chapter 7.3 --- Experiment --- p.105 / Chapter 7.3.1 --- Experiment on translational motion --- p.105 / Chapter 7.3.2 --- Experiment on rotational motion --- p.106 / Chapter 7.3.3 --- Experiment on tracking ability --- p.108 / Chapter 7.4 --- Application --- p.109 / Chapter 8 --- Limitations and Discussions --- p.110 / Chapter 8.1 --- The limitation of the orientation tracking module --- p.110 / Chapter 8.2 --- The limitation of the translational motion tracking module --- p.111 / Chapter 8.3 --- The limitation of the haptic module --- p.112 / Chapter 8.4 --- The limitation of the tracking cube setup --- p.113 / Chapter 8.5 --- Comparison of the result of utilizing simple moving average filter and Kalman filter --- p.114 / Chapter 8.6 --- Comparison with other devices on the market --- p.115 / Chapter 8.7 --- Future work --- p.115 / Chapter 9 --- Conclusion --- p.117 / Bibliography --- p.121