<p>Jedna od &scaron;iroko zastupljenih metoda za uspe&scaron;nu&nbsp;realizaciju ciljeva naučnog obrazovanja je&nbsp;istraživačka&nbsp; metoda&nbsp; (Inquiry-based instruction),&nbsp;<br />koja se defini&scaron;e kao uključivanje učenika u&nbsp;proces aktivnog učenja kroz postavljanje&nbsp;<br />pitanja, analizu podataka i kritičko mi&scaron;ljenje. Problem ovog istraživanja bio je kako&nbsp;<br />primenom istraživačke metode u razrednoj&nbsp;nastavi&nbsp; povećati postignuća i motivisanost&nbsp;učenika u oblasti prirodnih nauka.</p><p>U teorijskom delu rada analiziran je&nbsp;konstruktivizam kao pedago&scaron;ka osnova&nbsp;<br />kvalitetnog naučnog obrazovanja,&nbsp; Principi i&nbsp;velike ideje naučnog obrazovanja kao osnova za&nbsp;pravilan izbor sadržaja, oblici, karakteristike i&nbsp;modeli istraživačkog učenja i poučavanja,&nbsp;kompetencije nastavnika i načini praćenja i&nbsp;vrednovanja postignuća učenika.&nbsp;</p><p>U empirijskom delu rada prikazani su rezultati&nbsp;pedago&scaron;kog eksperimenta sa paralelnim&nbsp;grupama u kome je proučavana primena&nbsp;istraživačke metode&nbsp; na fizičkim sadržajima&nbsp; u&nbsp;nastavi Prirode i dru&scaron;tva, i njen doprinos&nbsp;efikasnijem sticanju znanja, umeća i navika&nbsp;učenika, povećanju kvaliteta i kvantiteta&nbsp;njihovog znanja, kao i razvoju &nbsp;motivacije za rad&nbsp;u poređenju sa tradicionalnim pristupom. Za&nbsp;potrebe istraživanja oblikovani su inovativni&nbsp;nastavni modeli, testovi znanja i ankete za&nbsp;učenike i roditelje. &nbsp;Uzorak istraživanja činilo je&nbsp;112 učenika iz osam odeljenja četvrtih razreda&nbsp;dve osnovne &nbsp;&scaron;kole u Somboru.&nbsp;</p><p>Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da primena&nbsp;istraživačke metode u nastavnoj praksi&nbsp;<br />pozitivno utiče na kvalitet i kvantitet stečenih&nbsp;znanja i umeća i da značajno doprinosi&nbsp;povećanju motivacije učenika za izučavanje&nbsp;fizičkih sadržaja. Ovim putem provereni i&nbsp;potvrđeni&nbsp; inovativni nastavni modeli mogu da&nbsp;nađu svoje mesto u nastavnoj praksi i tako&nbsp;doprinesu kvalitetnijoj realizaciji nastave&nbsp;prirodnih nauka, a time i povećanju &nbsp;naučne&nbsp;pismenosti veće populacije učenika.</p> / <p>Inquiry-based instruction is one of the widely used methods&nbsp; for the successful&nbsp; realization of the science teaching goals. It is defined as involving pupils into the&nbsp; process of active learning by asking questions, data analysis and critical thinking.&nbsp; The problem of this research is how the application of inquiry-based instruction in classroom teaching increases pupils&rsquo; motivation and achievement in the field of<br />natural sciences.</p><p>In the theoretical part of the paper the constructivism as a pedagogical basis of quality scientific education,&nbsp; Principles and great ideas of scientific education&nbsp; as a basis for right choice of contents, forms, characteristics and models of inquiry teaching&nbsp; and learning are analyzed, as well as teacher competence and ways of monitoring&nbsp; and evaluating of pupils&rsquo; achievement.</p><p>In the empirical part of the paper the results of pedagogical experiment with parallel groups is presented. In that experiment was studied the implementation of&nbsp; Inquiry-based instruction on physics contents in teaching Nature and Society in classroom teaching, and its contribution to the efficient acquiring knowledge, skills and habits of pupils, increasing the quality and quantity of their knowledge, as well as the developing the motivation to work, in comparison with the traditional approach. For the purposes of this research innovative teaching models, knowledge tests and&nbsp;questionnaire for pupils and parents were designed. The study sample consisted of 112 pupils from eight fourth-grade classes from two primary schools in Sombor.</p><p>The research results showed that the implementation of Inquiry-based instruction in teaching practice positively affects the quality and quantity of acquired knowledge and skills of pupils and significantly contributes to increasing pupils&rsquo; motivation for studying physics contents. Hereby tested and validated innovative teaching models can find their place in the teaching practice and thus contribute to better realization of teaching science, and thus increase scientific literacy of larger population of pupils.</p>

Since the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) was passed in 2001, museum educators have faced new challenges in designing programming that incorporates state standards of education while remaining faithful to the integrity of the museum’s collection and mission. Some museums have created programs that address these educational standards and can be used in school classrooms. This project is a case study of how one Virginia museum, Preservation Virginia, created a classroom program that addresses the state mandated Standards of Learning (SOLs). The report of this project includes discussion of the current debates that surround NCLB and its relationship to museum education. It also describes the five lesson plans included in the John Marshall House Trunk and explains why additions to those lesson plans have recently been created in order to incorporate inquiry-based teaching methods endorsed within museum education literature.

VOMÁČKOVÁ V. 2016: Inquiry based education in Human Physiology lessons with using school experimental systems. MSc. Thesis. Faculty of Education, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice. 47 pp. Inquiry-based education represents a modern approach to science education. This approach aims to enhance students' interest in these subjects. Nowadays, the laboratory experimental systems are available for use in the inquiry-based tasks so students have possibilities to try in practice what a scientist's work involves. The aim of this thesis was to design inquiry based tasks related to human physiology. In these tasks various kinds of laboratory experimental systems were applied. These tasks have been verified in classes at selected primary schools and at one grammar school. A partial goal of this thesis was to investigate whether inquiry based classes using laboratory systems result in acquiring better knowledge and research skills development compared with the usual laboratory work classes, where students work according to their teacher's instructions. For these purposes a pre-test and a post-test had been created and the students were divided into two groups the experimental group was applying the inquiry based work procedures and the control group was working using the teacher's instructions. The individual tasks have been verified in practice and their impact on the students' knowledge and skills level was monitored. The results have shown that inquiry based education does not lead to worse results compared with the usual conventional teaching methods. The level of students' knowledge and skills has risen after completing the experimental classes. However, the difference between the control and experimental groups was not statistically significant.

A presente pesquisa de mestrado visa investigar as relações entre as ações do professor e o engajamento dos estudantes durante uma aula investigativa de Física abordando o tema \"dualidade onda-partícula da luz\". Para tanto, analisaremos a mesma aula de uma mesma Sequência de Ensino Investigativa ministrada por dois professores distintos em suas respectivas salas de aula, em duas diferentes escolas públicas de São Paulo. Através das transcrições realizadas, foi possível realizar comparações entre alguns aspectos das aulas como: tempo de fala total de cada professor e dos estudantes, tipos de perguntas realizadas e ações tomadas pelos professores, o surgimento e desenvolvimento da argumentação pelos estudantes e a promoção do Engajamento Disciplinar Produtivo. Concluímos que, além do Ensino por Investigação possibilitar um ambiente propício para o envolvimento dos estudantes, algumas ações específicas dos professores, como: conceder autoridade, explorar a visão dos estudantes, fornecer subsídios teóricos a eles e elucidar de forma clara o problema a ser investigado realizando questionamentos levam aos casos de Engajamento Disciplinar Produtivo. / The present master\'s research aims to investigate the relations between the actions of the teacher and the engagement of the students during an investigative class of Physics addressing the theme \"wave-particle duality of light\". To do so, we will analyze the same class of the same Inquiry-Based Teaching Sequences applied by two different teachers in their respective classrooms, in two different public schools of Sao Paulo. Through the transcripts, it was possible to make comparisons between some aspects of the classes such as: total speaking time of each teacher and students, types of questions asked and actions taken by teachers, the emergence and development of students\' argument and the promotion of Productive Disciplinary Engagement. We conclude that, in addition to Inquiry-Based Teaching, it is possible to provide an environment conducive to students involvement, some specific actions of teachers, such as: granting authority, exploring the students\' vision, providing theoretical subsidies to them and clearly elucidating the problem to be investigated conducting questioning lead to cases of Productive Disciplinary Engagement.

O professor é um ator fundamental para a promoção da educação de qualidade e desenvolvimento de cidadãos críticos. A formação inicial é uma etapa muito importante para que exerça com qualidade esse papel tão relevante na sociedade. Diversos programas visam fomentar essa formação inicial, como o Pibid. O presente trabalho caracterizou-se como um estudo de caso com 4 sujeitos de pesquisa. Investigou a atuação de licenciandos do Curso de Ciências Biológicas (IB-USP) envolvidos no processo de desenvolvimento e aplicação de uma sequência didática investigativa sobre ambientes costeiros durante o Pibid. Seus objetivos específicos foram: (1) investigar a Percepção Ambiental (PA) sobre ecossistemas marinhos e costeiros desses licencinados; (2) compreender suas concepções sobre Ensino por Investigação (EI); (2) Analisar a sequência didática proposta (planos de aula e roteiros) quanto às concepções de meio ambiente presentes e ocorrência das diferentes fases do ciclo investigativo proposto pelo pesquisador Pedaste e seus colaboradores em 2015; (4) analisar a aplicação de tal sequência em sala de aula por parte de cada um dos licenciandos quanto aos mesmo aspectos focados na análise da sequência. Visando atingir tais objetivos, realizamos o uso de questionários e entrevistas, análise da sequência didática e observações de aulas. Os dados foram avaliados por análise de conteúdo e quantificações simples. Quanto à PA, os 4 licenciandos posicionaram-se na categoria Preservação+Utilização- do Modelo de Valores Ecológicos. Eles declararam relações tanto globais, quanto mais utilitaristas com os ambientes marinhos e costeiros. A concepção Globalizante de meio ambiente foi detectada para dois licenciandos desde o início do Pibid. Já outros dois apresentaram concepções Naturalistas, que foram modificadas ao longo do tempo. No entanto, apenas a concepção Naturalista Reducionista foi detectada na sequência didática elaborada, bem como nas aplicações realizadas pelos licenciandos. Em relação às concepções sobre EI, os licenciandos destacam seus objetivos múltiplos (ex. promover a construção do conhecimento do estudante, desenvolver habilidades e pensamento crítico e auxiliar no entendimento da metodologia científica). Tais objetivos representam vantagens dessa abordagem. As principais desvantagens seriam a dificuldade de elaboração e a aplicação das atividades investigativas, bem como sua real inserção na escola. Pensando-se na análise da sequência didática, todas as cinco fases do ciclo investigativo estavam presentes, as subfases Levantamento de Hipótese e Experimentação foram ausentes, sendo que a dinâmica das aulas se baseou principalmente na relação Questionamento-Exploração (apesar da subfase Exploração não ser detectada para dois dos quatro temas da sequência). A Fase de Reflexão também não foi explicitada nos planos e roteiros. Referente à análise das aplicações da sequência didática, no que se refere à presença das fases e subfases do ciclo investigativo, percebemos diferenças entre o que foi planejado e o que foi efetivamente aplicado em sala de aula, bem como entre as aplicações dos 4 licenciandos. Ao final do processo, os licenciandos apresentaram uma boa avaliação sobre a própria sequência, detectando os momentos mais e menos investigativos. Também demostraram consciência sobre o papel de sua atuação como professores, percebendo que, por vezes, conduziram demasiadamente a atividade. Esta pesquisa evidencia a necessidade de atenção ao implementar-se prospostas/currículos baseados no EI, não sendo suficiente apenas fornecer aos professores sequências ou atividades prontas, mas também os preparando de forma efetiva para trabalharem adequadamente em sala de aula com o que foi proposto. Acreditamos que a situação ideal é formar esses professores para que eles próprios possam desenvolver suas atividades, valorizando sua autonomia e seu papel central no processo ensino-aprendizagem / The teacher is a key actor for the promotion of quality education and the development of critical citizens. Initial teacher training is a very important step to carry out this important role in society with quality. Several programs aim to foster this initial training, such as Pibid. The present study was characterized as a case study with 4 research subjects. It investigated the activities of the Biological Sciences (IB-USP) course graduates involved in the process of developing and applying a didactic sequence on coastal environments during the Pibid. Its specific objectives were: (1) to investigate the Environmental Perception (EP) on marine and coastal ecosystems of these licencinates; (2) understand their conceptions about Inquiry-based Learning (IL); (2) Analyze the proposed didactic sequence (lesson plans and scripts) regarding the present environmental conceptions and the occurrence of the different phases of the research cycle proposed by the researcher Pedaste et al. (2015); (4) to analyze the application of such sequence in the classroom by each of the subjects for the same aspects focused on the sequence analysis. In order to reach these objectives, we carried out the use of questionnaires and interviews, analysis of the didactic sequence and observations of classes. The data were evaluated basically by content analysis and simple quantifications. As for EP, the 4 undergraduated were placed in the category Preservation + Use - of the Ecological Values Model. They have declared both global and utilitarian relationships with marine and coastal environments. The Globalizing concept has been detected for two subjects since the beginning of the Pibid. Already two others presented Naturalist conceptions, which were modified over time. However, only the Naturalist Redutionist conception was detected in the didactic sequence elaborated, as well as in the applications made by the licenciandos. Regarding IL concepts, the licenciandos highlight their multiple objectives (eg. to promote the construction of student knowledge, to develop skills and critical thinking, and to help in understanding the scientific methodology). Such objectives represent advantages of this approach. The main disadvantages would be the difficulty of elaboration and the application of the investigative activities, as well as its real insertion in the school. Thinking on the analysis of the didactic sequence, all five phases of the investigative cycle were present, the Hypothesis survey sub-phases and Experimentation were absent, and the dynamics of classes was based mainly on Questioning-exploration relationship (despite the sub-phase exploration not be detected for two of the four tracks in the sequence). The Reflection phase was also not explicit in the plans and scripts. The analysis of the applications of the instructional sequence, with regard to the presence of phases and sub-phases of the investigative cycle perceive differences between what was planned and what was actually applied in the classroom, and between applications of 4 licensees. At the end of the process, the licenciandos presented a good evaluation on the sequence itself, detecting the moments more and less investigating. They also demonstrated an awareness of their role as teachers, realizing that they have sometimes led the activity too much. This research highlights the need for attention to implement up proposals / curriculum based on IL, it is not enough just to provide sequences teachers or ready activities, but also preparing effectively to work properly in the classroom with what has been proposed. We believe that the ideal situation is to train these teachers so that they themselves can develop their activities, valuing their autonomy and their central role in the teaching-learning process

A long tradition of progressive pedagogy, running from Jean-Jacques Rousseau and through the work of John Dewey, argues that it is ethically and politically important for students to learn to co-direct the process of inquiry. In a series of recent articles, a group of cognitive scientists (hereafter called ‘DI theorists’) has argued that due to the nature of human cognitive architecture, student-led instructional designs are likely to be less effective than fully teacher-led instructional designs and to exacerbate achievement gaps. Were DI theorists correct, contrary to the intentions of many educators, a great deal of progressive pedagogy would be likely to have negative effects on educational justice. In this dissertation, I argue that the framing of the debate in cognitive science misconstrues the ethical and political value of treating students as cooperative designers of educative experiences. To defend this controversial claim, I advance a Deweyan approach to ethics and justice in instructional design against two recent philosophical challenges. The first challenge, which I call ‘Dewey’s grounding problem’, asserts that Dewey’s appeal to the single ethical and political value of learning is unjustified against dissent and oppressive of reasonable pluralism. The second challenge, which I call ‘Dewey’s problem of elitism’, argues that his call to promote the common good of learning in ethics and politics will sometimes permit or require elitism, aristocracy, or tyranny. Based on the Deweyan ethos I defend, I trace four principles of just instructional design to reassess the claims of DI theorists. I argue that integrating DI theorists’ insights about efficacy and equality as means to create a student co-led community of inquiry confirms many educators’ intuitions: that student-led designs are important parts of developing the skills of inquiry, are well placed as culminating tasks, and are best phased in on a developmental pathway towards greater student independence.

MÍSAŘOVÁ, A. (2019). Peer-feedback in inquiry-based education in biology lessons at lower-secondary level. Diploma thesis. Faculty of Education, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice. 46 pp. This thesis deals with the use of formative assessment methods in inquiry-based education. Particularly, it is focused on the peer-feedback in which the students provide the written feedback to their classmates. The objective of the thesis is finding if the lower-secondary level students are able to provide quality and adequate feedback to their classmates. The process of the peer-feedback was incorporated into the realization of inquiry-based tasks focused on the water regime of the plants. In the beginning, the students created a proposal solution protocols for the given tasks; then the protocols were collected and given away by codes to the other students for the assessment and provision of the written feedback. After the end of the research, the interview was done with the chosen students to obtain their subjective opinions on the process of the peer-feedback. The found results have shown that the majority of the students was able to provide adequate feedback. The feedback quality depended on what part students had an assessment. The students mostly tried to provide adequate advice which led to the improvement of the protocol content, but there were found a few protocol quality decreasing advice also. In these cases, the students did not acceptthis advice. The biggest problem for the students was the assessment of the chosen tools. In the none protocol were the tools correctly chosen, so the result was that the evaluating students were not sure of the correct solution. The research has been proven that peer-feedback can be the useful method of the formative assessment which is easy to incorporate to the various biology lesson tasks, mainly to the inquiry-based activities. The main potential of this assessment method is that the students formulate the feedback with their words and that makes it easier to understand to the particular problematics. During the protocols assessment, the students also have the possibility to compare and look to the other protocols, find their own mistakes and take an edification.

É comum encontrar em escolas brasileiras um ensino de ciências que prioriza aulas expositivas com a valorização de conteúdos conceituais com caráter descritivo, memorístico e descontextualizado com o cotidiano e com a realidade dos alunos e/ou da comunidade escolar. O ensino por investigação dentro do contexto da Alfabetização Científica (AC) desvia o foco do ensino de ciências na memorização de conceitos, privilegiando estratégias de como relacionar os conceitos científicos aprendidos de forma a contribuírem para a construção de uma visão consciente e crítica sobre os processos de produção do conhecimento científico. Essa abordagem de ensino, contudo, enfrenta uma série de dificuldades para ser implementada, destacando-se a má formação docente durante a vida acadêmica; os licenciandos saem despreparados com concepções errôneas do ensino por investigação, refletindo em equívocos, por exemplo, na elaboração de sequências didáticas investigativas. A existência de programas de aperfeiçoamento profissional durante a graduação, como o PIBID, por exemplo, podem promover esclarecimentos aos futuros docentes acerca sobre princípios do ensino por investigação, permitindo a construção de sequências didáticas investigativas. Com isso, essa pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar os aspectos do ensino por investigação que poderiam estar presentes em uma sequência didática (sd) elaborada por licenciandos dentro do contexto, PIBID-IB/USP. Para isso, foram analisados os planos de aula e as atividades da sd através da ferramenta DEEnCI, identificando em quais momentos da aplicação da sd houve um maior ou menor direcionamento dos licenciandos. Além disso, foram aplicados questionários e entrevistas com os licenciandos para análise das suas ideias e compreensões sobre o ensino por investigação. Como resultados, notou-se que a sequência didática elaborada pelos licenciandos proporcionou: resgate dos conhecimentos prévios, coleta e análise de dados, engajamento dos alunos mediante perguntas de pesquisa e aplicação dos conceitos aprendidos, de maneira integrada e articulada na última atividade da sd, representando uma situação real, vivenciada pela comunidade escolar. Os dados da ferramenta juntamente com os obtidos pelas entrevistas e questionários demonstram que os licenciandos foram mais atuantes em alguns momentos da aplicação da sd, como na interpretação de conceitos e na análise de dados. Isso, no entanto, não deve ser mal interpretado, pois os licenciandos dessa pesquisa tinham pouca e/ou nenhuma experiência como docente, assim, um maior direcionamento da investigação faz com que os licenciandos se sintam mais seguros mediante a execução da atividade. Dessa maneira, essa pesquisa apresentou análises importantes e pertinentes do PIBID dentro do contexto IB/USP, na perspectiva de apresentar quais foram os avanços e limitações do grupo escola estudado, para incorporar e promover o ensino por investigação na elaboração, planejamento e a aplicação de sequências didáticas investigativas, reforçando assim, a importância de programas de formação docente, nesse caso o PIBID, como um instrumento relevante para a formação docente. / It is common to find in Brazilian schools, a science education that prioritizes expository classes with the valuation of conceptual contents with a descriptive, memoristic and decontextualized character with daily life and with the reality of students and / or community. Inquiry Based Science Education (IBSE), within the context of Scientific Literacy (AC) deviates the focus of science teaching on the memorization of concepts, privileging strategies of how to relate the scientific concepts learned in order to contribute to the construction of a conscious and critical vision on the processes of production of scientific knowledge. In addition, the IBSE can develop skills such as observing phenomena, defining problems and formulating a research question, developing hypotheses to be tested, designing experiments, interpreting data, and using data as evidence so that they can therefore be scientifically literate. This approach, however, faces a number of difficulties to be implemented, especially teacher mismanagement during academic life. In this way, the student teachers are left unprepared with misconceptions about research teaching, reflecting in misunderstandings, for example in the elaboration of inquiry sequence learning. The existence of professional development programs during graduation, such as the PIBID, for example, can promote the clarification of future teachers about the principles of IBSE, allowing the construction of didactic sequences of research. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the aspects of IBSE that could be identified in a didactic sequence elaborated by student teachers within the context, PIBID-IB / USP. For that, the lesson plans and SD activities were analyzed through the DEEnCI tool, identifying in which moments of the SD application there was a greater or lesser direction of the teacher students. In addition, questionnaires and interviews with the teacher students were applied to analyze their ideas and their understandings about research teaching. As a result, it was noticed that the didactic sequence elaborated by the student teacher provided: the retrieval of previous knowledge, data collection and analysis, students\' engagement through research questions and application of the concepts learned, in an integrated and articulated way in the last activity of SD, representing a real situation experienced by the school community. The data of the tool together with those obtained by the interviews and questionnaires show that the student teachers were more active in some moments of the application of SD, as in the interpretation of concepts and the analysis of data. However, this should not be misinterpreted because the student teachers of this research had little or no experience as a teacher, so a greater focus of research makes the graduates feel more secure through the execution of the activity. In this way, this research presented important and pertinent analyses of PIBID within the IB / USP context, in order to present the advances and limitations of the studied school group, to incorporate and promote IBSE in the elaboration, planning and application of inquiry sequence learning, thus reinforcing the importance of professional development programs during graduation.

É comum encontrar em escolas brasileiras um ensino de ciências que prioriza aulas expositivas com a valorização de conteúdos conceituais com caráter descritivo, memorístico e descontextualizado com o cotidiano e com a realidade dos alunos e/ou da comunidade escolar. O ensino por investigação dentro do contexto da Alfabetização Científica (AC) desvia o foco do ensino de ciências na memorização de conceitos, privilegiando estratégias de como relacionar os conceitos científicos aprendidos de forma a contribuírem para a construção de uma visão consciente e crítica sobre os processos de produção do conhecimento científico. Essa abordagem de ensino, contudo, enfrenta uma série de dificuldades para ser implementada, destacando-se a má formação docente durante a vida acadêmica; os licenciandos saem despreparados com concepções errôneas do ensino por investigação, refletindo em equívocos, por exemplo, na elaboração de sequências didáticas investigativas. A existência de programas de aperfeiçoamento profissional durante a graduação, como o PIBID, por exemplo, podem promover esclarecimentos aos futuros docentes acerca sobre princípios do ensino por investigação, permitindo a construção de sequências didáticas investigativas. Com isso, essa pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar os aspectos do ensino por investigação que poderiam estar presentes em uma sequência didática (sd) elaborada por licenciandos dentro do contexto, PIBID-IB/USP. Para isso, foram analisados os planos de aula e as atividades da sd através da ferramenta DEEnCI, identificando em quais momentos da aplicação da sd houve um maior ou menor direcionamento dos licenciandos. Além disso, foram aplicados questionários e entrevistas com os licenciandos para análise das suas ideias e compreensões sobre o ensino por investigação. Como resultados, notou-se que a sequência didática elaborada pelos licenciandos proporcionou: resgate dos conhecimentos prévios, coleta e análise de dados, engajamento dos alunos mediante perguntas de pesquisa e aplicação dos conceitos aprendidos, de maneira integrada e articulada na última atividade da sd, representando uma situação real, vivenciada pela comunidade escolar. Os dados da ferramenta juntamente com os obtidos pelas entrevistas e questionários demonstram que os licenciandos foram mais atuantes em alguns momentos da aplicação da sd, como na interpretação de conceitos e na análise de dados. Isso, no entanto, não deve ser mal interpretado, pois os licenciandos dessa pesquisa tinham pouca e/ou nenhuma experiência como docente, assim, um maior direcionamento da investigação faz com que os licenciandos se sintam mais seguros mediante a execução da atividade. Dessa maneira, essa pesquisa apresentou análises importantes e pertinentes do PIBID dentro do contexto IB/USP, na perspectiva de apresentar quais foram os avanços e limitações do grupo escola estudado, para incorporar e promover o ensino por investigação na elaboração, planejamento e a aplicação de sequências didáticas investigativas, reforçando assim, a importância de programas de formação docente, nesse caso o PIBID, como um instrumento relevante para a formação docente. / It is common to find in Brazilian schools, a science education that prioritizes expository classes with the valuation of conceptual contents with a descriptive, memoristic and decontextualized character with daily life and with the reality of students and / or community. Inquiry Based Science Education (IBSE), within the context of Scientific Literacy (AC) deviates the focus of science teaching on the memorization of concepts, privileging strategies of how to relate the scientific concepts learned in order to contribute to the construction of a conscious and critical vision on the processes of production of scientific knowledge. In addition, the IBSE can develop skills such as observing phenomena, defining problems and formulating a research question, developing hypotheses to be tested, designing experiments, interpreting data, and using data as evidence so that they can therefore be scientifically literate. This approach, however, faces a number of difficulties to be implemented, especially teacher mismanagement during academic life. In this way, the student teachers are left unprepared with misconceptions about research teaching, reflecting in misunderstandings, for example in the elaboration of inquiry sequence learning. The existence of professional development programs during graduation, such as the PIBID, for example, can promote the clarification of future teachers about the principles of IBSE, allowing the construction of didactic sequences of research. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the aspects of IBSE that could be identified in a didactic sequence elaborated by student teachers within the context, PIBID-IB / USP. For that, the lesson plans and SD activities were analyzed through the DEEnCI tool, identifying in which moments of the SD application there was a greater or lesser direction of the teacher students. In addition, questionnaires and interviews with the teacher students were applied to analyze their ideas and their understandings about research teaching. As a result, it was noticed that the didactic sequence elaborated by the student teacher provided: the retrieval of previous knowledge, data collection and analysis, students\' engagement through research questions and application of the concepts learned, in an integrated and articulated way in the last activity of SD, representing a real situation experienced by the school community. The data of the tool together with those obtained by the interviews and questionnaires show that the student teachers were more active in some moments of the application of SD, as in the interpretation of concepts and the analysis of data. However, this should not be misinterpreted because the student teachers of this research had little or no experience as a teacher, so a greater focus of research makes the graduates feel more secure through the execution of the activity. In this way, this research presented important and pertinent analyses of PIBID within the IB / USP context, in order to present the advances and limitations of the studied school group, to incorporate and promote IBSE in the elaboration, planning and application of inquiry sequence learning, thus reinforcing the importance of professional development programs during graduation.

Introduction of the thesis deals with inquiry-based science learning - from the level of research to its evaluation. The following practical advice summarize information about the possibilities of obtaining natural material for teaching, creating permanent diatom preparations and examples of suitable determination literature for teachers. The main part of this work presents 12 elaborated study materials for research teaching method divided into five phycologically oriented topics: (1) cyanobacterial and algal physiology, (2) biodiversity of standing waters, (3) algae defense mechanisms, (4) cyanobacteria and algae like bioindicators, (5) substances in cyanobacteria and algae and their importance for humans. Individual study materials contain information on the level of research, methodological guidance for teachers with a theoretical basis and introductory questions to motivate students, as well as a recording sheet for students and, in conclusion, own proposed solution for teachers. Another part of this thesis is a comparison of inquiry-based science learning with frontal education, which is done by didactic test.