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Orientador: Carlos Frederico Wilcken / Banca: Carlos Gilberto Raetano / Banca: Edivaldo Domingues Velini / Banca: Geraldo Papa / Banca: Robinson Osipe / Resumo: Os herbicidas são capazes de promover alterações fisiológicas nas plantas cultivadas não suscetíveis a eles, podendo acarretar mudanças na bioecologia dos insetos que utilizam tais plantas para sobrevivência, inclusive insetos-praga e seus inimigos naturais. Além disso, aplicações seqüenciais ou associadas de herbicidas e inseticidas podem influenciar a eficácia de controle dos insetos-praga. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o impacto de herbicidas aplicados em pós-emergência em plantas de milho sobre o desenvolvimento de Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) e sobre seus inimigos naturais em campo e laboratório. A interação entre herbicidas e inseticidas sobre o controle da praga também foi avaliada. Em laboratório, plantas de milho foram pulverizadas com os herbicidas bentazona, atrazina, nicossulfuron e 2,4-D (doses recomendadas) e folhas fornecidas a lagartas neonatas de S. frugiperda, para o acompanhamento do desenvolvimento do inseto. De forma semelhante, pupas de S. frugiperda obtidas das lagartas criadas sobre as folhas de milho tratadas com os herbicidas foram oferecidas a fêmeas do parasitóide de pupas Trichospilus diatraeae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) para acompanhamento do desenvolvimento e taxa de parasitismo do parasitóide. Em campo os herbicidas foram aplicados nas plantas de milho e a população de S. frugiperda foi monitorada semanalmente. Quinze dias após a aplicação dos herbicidas larvas da praga foram coletadas e transferidas individualmente para potes contendo dieta artificial para avaliação do parasitismo natural. O efeito dos herbicidas sobre o controle químico de S. frugiperda foi realizado da seguinte forma: larvas do inseto foram alimentadas com dieta artificial contendo herbicidas e após 48 h foram colocadas para se alimentar... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Herbicides can promote physiological changes in non susceptible crops and may lead to changes in bioecology of insects that use these plants for their survival, especially pests and their natural enemies. In addition, herbicides applications next or in mixture with insecticides can affect the effectiveness of pest control. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of post-emergence herbicides applied in corn plants on the development of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and their natural enemies in field and laboratory. The interaction between herbicides and insecticides on pest control was also evaluated. In laboratory corn plants were sprayed with the herbicides bentazon, atrazine, nicosulfuron and 2,4-D and leaves were supplied to neonate larvae of S. frugiperda for development evaluation. Similarly, S. frugiperda pupae obtained from caterpillars reared on treated leaves with herbicides were offered to females of the Trichospilus diatraeae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). The development and parasitism rate by parasitoid was evaluated. In field conditions the herbicides were applied in corn plants and the population of S. frugiperda was monitored weekly. Fourteen days after the herbicides application pest larvae were collected and transferred individually to pots containing artificial diet to evaluate the natural parasitism. The effect of herbicides on the chemical control of S. frugiperda was performed as follows: the insect larvae were fed on artificial diet containing herbicides 48 h before exposition to insecticides. After larvae were placed to feed on corn leaves treated with synthetic insecticides chlorpyrifos, deltamethrin, methomyl, etofenprox and spinosad, these same insecticides... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-02-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:52:57Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 magalhaes_go_me_jabo.pdf: 351698 bytes, checksum: 134ffda669c0dc4290a262561a93ec92 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a influência do produto comercial a base de Bacillus thuringiensis Agree® e do isolado HD1 em aspectos biológicos do predador Podisus nigrispinus alimentado com lagartas de Plutella xylostella que ingeriram folhas de couve imersas em suspensão de B. thuringiensis; quantificar a frequência alimentar do predador em folhas de couve (fitofagia); e construir a tabela de vida de fertilidade. Os predadores tiveram contato com B. thuringiensis durante todo o seu ciclo de vida pela ingestão da presa contaminada ou ingestão direta da suspensão do isolado HD1 ou do produto comercial Agree® na couve. O experimento foi composto por seis tratamentos: T1: suspensão de HD1 + lagartas de P. xylostella infectada com o isolado HD-1; T2: suspensão de Agree® + lagartas de P. xylostella infectada com o produto comercial Agree®; T3: água destilada + lagartas de P. xylostella; T4: suspensão de HD1; T5: suspensão de Agree®; T6: água destilada. A calda do bioinseticida Agree® (B. thuringiensis var. aizawai + kurstaki) foi utilizada na concentração recomendada pelo fabricante (0,5g /333mL) e o isolado HD1 (B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki) foi empregado na concentração de 3x108 esporos/mL. O desenvolvimento das ninfas foi acompanhado até a fase adulta obtendo-se a duração e a viabilidade dos diferentes ínstares, período de pré-oviposição, oviposição, pós-oviposição, número de posturas por fêmea, número de ovos por postura e fecundidade. Os ovos obtidos foram coletados para determinação do período de incubação e viabilidade. Todos os tratamentos receberam uma folha de couve manteiga variedade Geórgia, que foram substituídas a cada dois dias e submetidas ao teste de coloração por imersão em solução de fucsina ácida a 1%, por 12 horas, para posterior contagem de bainhas alimentares ao estereomicroscópio... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo / The aim of the work was to evaluate the influence of Bacillus thuringiensis based product Agree® and the isolate HD1 in the biological characteristics of the predator Podisus nigrispinus fed on Plutella xylostella caterpillars that ingested collard greens leaves sprayed with the product and quantify the frequency of predator feeding on the leaves (phytophagy), made by counting the pucturas with the aid of dye-based 1% acid fuchsin. The predators were kept in contact to B. thuringiensis during the whole life cycle by the ingestion of contaminated prey or direct ingestion of the suspension of the HD1 strain or Agree®. The essay was composed of 6 treatments: T1: HD1 suspension + P. xylostella caterpillars; T2: Agree® suspension + P. xylostella caterpillars; T3: Distilled water + P. xylostella caterpillars; T4: HD1 suspension; T5: Agree® suspension; T6: water. The solution of bioinsecticide Agree® (B. thuringiensis var. aizawai + kurstaki) was used following the recommended concentration of the manufacturer (0,5g /333mL) and the HD1 strain (B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki) was used in the concentration of 3x108 spores/mL. The development of nymphs was observed until the adult phase to obtain the duration and viability of the different instars, pre-oviposition, oviposition and post-oviposition periods, number of egg mass per female, number of eggs per egg mass and fecundity. The obtained eggs were collected to determine the incubation period and viability. All treatments were given a sheet kale Georgia, which was replaced every two days and tested with coloration by immersion in Fucsin acid (1%) for 12 h and then count the food sheaths in a stereomicroscope. The results allowed concluding that P. nigrispinus and B. thuringiensis can be used together to control P. xylostella in collard crops; the presence of preys, collard ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:34:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-10-21Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:25:40Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 dalpogetto_mhfa_dr_botfca.pdf: 368194 bytes, checksum: 8dfc70972ac1ab9a42451556875848cb (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Os herbicidas são capazes de promover alterações fisiológicas nas plantas cultivadas não suscetíveis a eles, podendo acarretar mudanças na bioecologia dos insetos que utilizam tais plantas para sobrevivência, inclusive insetos-praga e seus inimigos naturais. Além disso, aplicações seqüenciais ou associadas de herbicidas e inseticidas podem influenciar a eficácia de controle dos insetos-praga. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o impacto de herbicidas aplicados em pós-emergência em plantas de milho sobre o desenvolvimento de Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) e sobre seus inimigos naturais em campo e laboratório. A interação entre herbicidas e inseticidas sobre o controle da praga também foi avaliada. Em laboratório, plantas de milho foram pulverizadas com os herbicidas bentazona, atrazina, nicossulfuron e 2,4-D (doses recomendadas) e folhas fornecidas a lagartas neonatas de S. frugiperda, para o acompanhamento do desenvolvimento do inseto. De forma semelhante, pupas de S. frugiperda obtidas das lagartas criadas sobre as folhas de milho tratadas com os herbicidas foram oferecidas a fêmeas do parasitóide de pupas Trichospilus diatraeae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) para acompanhamento do desenvolvimento e taxa de parasitismo do parasitóide. Em campo os herbicidas foram aplicados nas plantas de milho e a população de S. frugiperda foi monitorada semanalmente. Quinze dias após a aplicação dos herbicidas larvas da praga foram coletadas e transferidas individualmente para potes contendo dieta artificial para avaliação do parasitismo natural. O efeito dos herbicidas sobre o controle químico de S. frugiperda foi realizado da seguinte forma: larvas do inseto foram alimentadas com dieta artificial contendo herbicidas e após 48 h foram colocadas para se alimentar... / Herbicides can promote physiological changes in non susceptible crops and may lead to changes in bioecology of insects that use these plants for their survival, especially pests and their natural enemies. In addition, herbicides applications next or in mixture with insecticides can affect the effectiveness of pest control. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of post-emergence herbicides applied in corn plants on the development of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and their natural enemies in field and laboratory. The interaction between herbicides and insecticides on pest control was also evaluated. In laboratory corn plants were sprayed with the herbicides bentazon, atrazine, nicosulfuron and 2,4-D and leaves were supplied to neonate larvae of S. frugiperda for development evaluation. Similarly, S. frugiperda pupae obtained from caterpillars reared on treated leaves with herbicides were offered to females of the Trichospilus diatraeae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). The development and parasitism rate by parasitoid was evaluated. In field conditions the herbicides were applied in corn plants and the population of S. frugiperda was monitored weekly. Fourteen days after the herbicides application pest larvae were collected and transferred individually to pots containing artificial diet to evaluate the natural parasitism. The effect of herbicides on the chemical control of S. frugiperda was performed as follows: the insect larvae were fed on artificial diet containing herbicides 48 h before exposition to insecticides. After larvae were placed to feed on corn leaves treated with synthetic insecticides chlorpyrifos, deltamethrin, methomyl, etofenprox and spinosad, these same insecticides... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Sérgio Antonio de Bortoli / Coorientador: Ricardo Antonio Polanczyk / Banca: Nilza Maria Martinelli / Banca: Luis Garrigos Leite / Resumo: O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a influência do produto comercial a base de Bacillus thuringiensis Agree® e do isolado HD1 em aspectos biológicos do predador Podisus nigrispinus alimentado com lagartas de Plutella xylostella que ingeriram folhas de couve imersas em suspensão de B. thuringiensis; quantificar a frequência alimentar do predador em folhas de couve (fitofagia); e construir a tabela de vida de fertilidade. Os predadores tiveram contato com B. thuringiensis durante todo o seu ciclo de vida pela ingestão da presa contaminada ou ingestão direta da suspensão do isolado HD1 ou do produto comercial Agree® na couve. O experimento foi composto por seis tratamentos: T1: suspensão de HD1 + lagartas de P. xylostella infectada com o isolado HD-1; T2: suspensão de Agree® + lagartas de P. xylostella infectada com o produto comercial Agree®; T3: água destilada + lagartas de P. xylostella; T4: suspensão de HD1; T5: suspensão de Agree®; T6: água destilada. A calda do bioinseticida Agree® (B. thuringiensis var. aizawai + kurstaki) foi utilizada na concentração recomendada pelo fabricante (0,5g /333mL) e o isolado HD1 (B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki) foi empregado na concentração de 3x108 esporos/mL. O desenvolvimento das ninfas foi acompanhado até a fase adulta obtendo-se a duração e a viabilidade dos diferentes ínstares, período de pré-oviposição, oviposição, pós-oviposição, número de posturas por fêmea, número de ovos por postura e fecundidade. Os ovos obtidos foram coletados para determinação do período de incubação e viabilidade. Todos os tratamentos receberam uma folha de couve manteiga variedade Geórgia, que foram substituídas a cada dois dias e submetidas ao teste de coloração por imersão em solução de fucsina ácida a 1%, por 12 horas, para posterior contagem de bainhas alimentares ao estereomicroscópio... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo / Abstract: The aim of the work was to evaluate the influence of Bacillus thuringiensis based product Agree® and the isolate HD1 in the biological characteristics of the predator Podisus nigrispinus fed on Plutella xylostella caterpillars that ingested collard greens leaves sprayed with the product and quantify the frequency of predator feeding on the leaves (phytophagy), made by counting the pucturas with the aid of dye-based 1% acid fuchsin. The predators were kept in contact to B. thuringiensis during the whole life cycle by the ingestion of contaminated prey or direct ingestion of the suspension of the HD1 strain or Agree®. The essay was composed of 6 treatments: T1: HD1 suspension + P. xylostella caterpillars; T2: Agree® suspension + P. xylostella caterpillars; T3: Distilled water + P. xylostella caterpillars; T4: HD1 suspension; T5: Agree® suspension; T6: water. The solution of bioinsecticide Agree® (B. thuringiensis var. aizawai + kurstaki) was used following the recommended concentration of the manufacturer (0,5g /333mL) and the HD1 strain (B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki) was used in the concentration of 3x108 spores/mL. The development of nymphs was observed until the adult phase to obtain the duration and viability of the different instars, pre-oviposition, oviposition and post-oviposition periods, number of egg mass per female, number of eggs per egg mass and fecundity. The obtained eggs were collected to determine the incubation period and viability. All treatments were given a sheet kale Georgia, which was replaced every two days and tested with coloration by immersion in Fucsin acid (1%) for 12 h and then count the food sheaths in a stereomicroscope. The results allowed concluding that P. nigrispinus and B. thuringiensis can be used together to control P. xylostella in collard crops; the presence of preys, collard ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

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Addendum in pocket. Biblography: leaves 162-173. Phytophagous sucking insects, aphids in particular, are common pests of plants. These insects secrete salivary enzymes into their food material. One plant defence mechanism is the induction and/or accumulation of deterrent phytochemicals. In the present study, a model enzyme system was chosen to mimic the oxidative activity of insect saliva. Isolation and sructural identification of the products of plant allelochemicals was achieved for several substrates. Insects were also exposed to individual plant chemicals in feeding "choice" tests. Preliminary examinations suggest that plants containing increased levels of phenolic allelochemicals show correlated increases in resistance to attack by aphids.

Addendum in pocket. / Biblography: leaves 162-173. / v, 177, [5] leaves : ill. ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Phytophagous sucking insects, aphids in particular, are common pests of plants. These insects secrete salivary enzymes into their food material. One plant defence mechanism is the induction and/or accumulation of deterrent phytochemicals. In the present study, a model enzyme system was chosen to mimic the oxidative activity of insect saliva. Isolation and sructural identification of the products of plant allelochemicals was achieved for several substrates. Insects were also exposed to individual plant chemicals in feeding "choice" tests. Preliminary examinations suggest that plants containing increased levels of phenolic allelochemicals show correlated increases in resistance to attack by aphids. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Crop Protection, 1996

Bibliography: leaves 214-235 / iv, 235 leaves : ill ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Zoology, 1987

Ph.D. (Zoology) / Scale insects, plant pests of quarantine importance, with specialised anatomy and unresolved phylogenetic relationships, are responsible for major economic losses to South Africa and its trading partners. These losses may reach critical levels if the pests are not timely identified and controlled. They are currently identified based on published keys of adult females, a process that takes three days to two weeks depending on the family and the life stage of interception. In addition, agricultural commodities are often contaminated with different life stages, males or damaged specimen of these pests, making identification difficult or impossible. As a result, shipments of agricultural produce are often rejected and trade disrupted. Furthermore, pest invasions do not only occur by importation via formal channels. At times pests cross boarders as contaminants of undeclared material and may again spread on their own as they naturally expand their range. This expansion may be negatively or positively influenced by other factors such as climate change. Resolving the challenges associated with identification, phylogenetic relationships and the limited knowledge of the effects of climate change on distribution range of scale insects are the main goals of this study. Specifically (i) the development of a rapid method of species identification, (ii) the relationship between and within three major scale insect families the Coccoidea, Diaspididae and Pseudococcidae and (iii) the effect of climate change on the future distribution range of scale insects in South Africa were explored...