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Studies of maternal age as a source of variation in two insect speciesMackay, Patricia Ann January 1974 (has links)
Differences in progeny characteristics arising from differences in maternal age at time of birth are discussed as a possible source of ecologically important variation. The literature on effects of maternal age on progeny guality is reviewed. Experiments designed to document any effects of maternal age on two biological processes are described. The processes selected were production of alatae by an aphid, ASiSiioSiEiiOS. £isum , and incidence of diapause in a sawfly, Eriocamoa ovata . Maternal-age effects influenced the production of alatae by the aphid. Early-born progeny of wingless aphids were more likely to respond to a standard crowding stimulus by producing alatae than were late-born progeny. Early-born alata-producers also produced higher numbers of alatae than late-born ones. Maternal age affected the progeny of winged aphids, but in the opposite manner. Early-born progeny of this morph usually did not produce alatae at all, whereas late-born progeny did. The inhibition of alata-prcduction in the lineage of an alate aphid was satisfactorily explained by maternal age effects alone. A timing mechanism such as the "interval timer" proposed by Lees (1966) did not apply. Ho significant effects of maternal age on the incidence of diapause in the sawfly could be found. However, diapause was
shown to be influenced by at least two factors. More animals diapaused at low humidities. Seven-instar larvae diapaused more frequently than did six-instar larvae. Larval developmental times varied with the number of instars, the occurrence of diapause, and the date of egg-laying. Length of the cccocn stage of ncn-diapausing individuals varied with the date of egg-laying. It is concluded that maternal age effects, although not universal, are a common biological phenomenon, and probably of ecological significance as a source of variation. / Land and Food Systems, Faculty of / Graduate
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Ação de Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner nas características biológicas de outrs inimigos naturaisGoulart, Roberto Marchi [UNESP] 17 December 2010 (has links) (PDF)
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goulart_rm_dr_jabo.pdf: 1079235 bytes, checksum: e3693efdd097a8d2567db51d51f098ff (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a ação do produto comercial Agree® nas características biológicas de três inimigos naturais em laboratório, utilizando a traça-das-crucíferas, P. xylostella. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em sala climatizada a 25±1°C, umidade relativa de 70±10% e fotofase de 12 horas. Foram verificados os aspectos biológicos de P. nigrispinus, Orius insidiosus e Trichogramma pretiosum por meio da ação do produto. Para os predadores foram elaboradas tabelas de vida de fertilidade. Os dados biológicos obtidos indicaram que quando P. nigrispinus se alimenta de lagartas infectadas com o produto os predadores sofrem efeito negativo em sua biologia, provocado provavelmente por alterações fisiológicas na lagarta. No experimento com O. insidiosus as características duração do segundo instar ninfal, o consumo ninfal e a longevidade das fêmeas foram afetadas pela ação do produto. Para T. pretiosum o produto não apresentou efeitos negativos que possam inviabilizar sua utilização conjunta com o produto para o Manejo Integrado de P. xylostella em brassicáceas. Apesar de o produto ter provocado efeitos negativos a P. nigrispinus e O. insidiosus estudos e técnicas complementares devem ser realizados para que, no futuro, esses inimigos naturais possam ou não ser utilizados em programas de controle biológico em culturas de brassicáceas associados com a bactéria entomopatogênica / This work aimed to evaluate the action of biological insecticide Agree on biological characteristics of 3 natural enemies in laboratory, using the host diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. The experiments were conducted in acclimatized room under 25±1°C, 70±10% relative umidity and 12 h photophase. The biological aspects of Podisus nigrispinus, Orius insidiosus and Trichogramma pretiosum were verified through the product action. Life and fertility table were elaborated to the predators. The biological data obtained showed that P. nigrispinus has the biology affected negatively when fed on infected caterpillars, probably occurred by physiological alterations in caterpillar. The characteristics duration and consumption of second nymphal instar, nymphal consumption and female longevity were affected by products in the assay with Orius insidiosus. The insecticide didn´t show negative effects that can be unfeasible the use associated with the parasitoid T. pretiosum in the Integrated Pest Management to P. xylostella in brassicas. Thus the product cause negative effects on P. nigrispinus and O. insidiosus, complementary studies need to be realized in order to the future, these natural enemies can be used in Biological Programs associated with Bt in brassicas crops
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Ação de Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner nas características biológicas de outrs inimigos naturais /Goulart, Roberto Marchi. January 2010 (has links)
Orientador: Sérgio Antonio de Bortoli / Banca: Nelson Wanderley Perioto / Banca: Luis Garrigós Leite / Banca: Ricardo Antonio Polanczyk / Banca: Alexandre de Sene Pinto / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a ação do produto comercial Agree® nas características biológicas de três inimigos naturais em laboratório, utilizando a traça-das-crucíferas, P. xylostella. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em sala climatizada a 25±1°C, umidade relativa de 70±10% e fotofase de 12 horas. Foram verificados os aspectos biológicos de P. nigrispinus, Orius insidiosus e Trichogramma pretiosum por meio da ação do produto. Para os predadores foram elaboradas tabelas de vida de fertilidade. Os dados biológicos obtidos indicaram que quando P. nigrispinus se alimenta de lagartas infectadas com o produto os predadores sofrem efeito negativo em sua biologia, provocado provavelmente por alterações fisiológicas na lagarta. No experimento com O. insidiosus as características duração do segundo instar ninfal, o consumo ninfal e a longevidade das fêmeas foram afetadas pela ação do produto. Para T. pretiosum o produto não apresentou efeitos negativos que possam inviabilizar sua utilização conjunta com o produto para o Manejo Integrado de P. xylostella em brassicáceas. Apesar de o produto ter provocado efeitos negativos a P. nigrispinus e O. insidiosus estudos e técnicas complementares devem ser realizados para que, no futuro, esses inimigos naturais possam ou não ser utilizados em programas de controle biológico em culturas de brassicáceas associados com a bactéria entomopatogênica / Abstract: This work aimed to evaluate the action of biological insecticide Agree on biological characteristics of 3 natural enemies in laboratory, using the host diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. The experiments were conducted in acclimatized room under 25±1°C, 70±10% relative umidity and 12 h photophase. The biological aspects of Podisus nigrispinus, Orius insidiosus and Trichogramma pretiosum were verified through the product action. Life and fertility table were elaborated to the predators. The biological data obtained showed that P. nigrispinus has the biology affected negatively when fed on infected caterpillars, probably occurred by physiological alterations in caterpillar. The characteristics duration and consumption of second nymphal instar, nymphal consumption and female longevity were affected by products in the assay with Orius insidiosus. The insecticide didn't show negative effects that can be unfeasible the use associated with the parasitoid T. pretiosum in the Integrated Pest Management to P. xylostella in brassicas. Thus the product cause negative effects on P. nigrispinus and O. insidiosus, complementary studies need to be realized in order to the future, these natural enemies can be used in Biological Programs associated with Bt in brassicas crops / Doutor
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