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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Les politiques urbaines face à l’habitat précaire à Dakar : Géohistoire des mobilités résidentielles, normes institutionnelles et pratiques populaires de l’espace / The urban politics in front of the precarious housing environment in Dakar : geo-history of the residential mobilities, the popular institutional and practical standards of the space

Timera, Aly Sada 25 September 2017 (has links)
La configuration ainsi que le fonctionnement de l’espace dakarois sont marqués par une permanente confrontation entre les « normes institutionnelles » et les modes populaires de production et de consommation de l’espace urbain.L’objectif général de ce travail est d’analyser la façon dont s’édifie et se développe l’espace urbain dakarois, et plus particulièrement les modes de production des espaces résidentiels et comment ils sont façonnés par des logiques contradictoires et des stratégies d’acteurs différenciées.La géo histoire de l’édification urbaine de Dakar qui nous a servi de trame, montre que la construction de la capitale sénégalaise est inscrite dans une lutte constante des acteurs pour l’appropriation des ressources spatio-territoriales marquées par le rejet et l’exclusion progressive des groupes sociaux économiquement fragiles dont les emprises résidentielles libérées de manière souvent violente ont été réaffectées à des acteurs sociaux à revenus plus élevés.Devant cette politique ségrégationniste, s’est développée une rigoureuse résistance des groupes sociaux populaires qui a fini par imposer ses formes et modalités de consommation spatiale devenues dominantes au point de produire une urbanité caractéristique d’une identité physionomique propre à la ville.L’Etat a développé une stratégie de reconquête politico – administrative, qui s’est notamment traduite sur le plan politique par l’approfondissement de la décentralisation avec la création des communes d’arrondissement couvrant l’ère des zones irrégulières, renforcées institutionnellement en commune de plein exercice avec l’acte III de la décentralisation.Le redéploiement de l’État se lit également à travers des dynamiques de reterritorialisation qu’il engendre avec les opérations de Restructuration Régularisation Foncière notamment. Il s’agit d’une entreprise de contrôle technico urbanistique avec un objectif d’intégration physique et socioéconomique des quartiers irréguliers à la « ville légale ».En effet, l’impératif de contrôle politico – administratif (décentralisation/déconcentration) et d’harmonisation technico urbanistique (restructuration/régularisation foncière) de la ville s’inscrivent dans un champ plus large qui vise l’élargissement du marché et sa consolidation.Ainsi en prétendant lutter contre les exclusions et les inégalités territoriales, les projets de RRF les reproduisent sous une forme renouvelée, en tant que champ de préparation de l’expansion du marché dans les territoires de l’informalité. / The configuration and functioning of Dakar area are marked by a permanent confrontation between the "institutional norms" and the popular modes of production and consumption of the urban space.The main objective of this work is to analyze the way in which the urban space of Dakar is being developed and built, and more especially the modes of production of residential spaces and how they are shaped by contradictory logics and differentiated actors strategies. The geo-history of urban construction in Dakar, which has served us as a framework, shows that the construction of the Senegalese capital is part of a constant struggle between actors for the appropriation of spatio-territorial resources. These latter are marked by the rejection and the progressive exclusion of social groups that have economically been fragile and whose residential ascendancies, which have often been violently liberated, have been reallocated to social actors with higher incomes.In front of this segregationist policy, a rigorous resistance of the popular social groups is developed and has finally imposed its forms and modalities of spatial consumption becoming dominant so as to produce an urbanity characteristic of a city-specific physiognomic identity.The state has developed, a politico - administrative recovery strategy has been expressed on political plan through the deepening of decentralization with the creation of borough communes covering the era of irregular zones, institutionalized in full - Act III of decentralization.The redeployment of the State is also reflected in the dynamics of making new-territories that it generates with the operations of Restructuring and land Regularization in particular. It is a technical-urbanistic control company which aims a physical and socio-economic integration of the irregular districts to the "legal city".Indeed, the imperative of politico-administrative control (decentralization / devolution) and the technical-urbanist harmonization (land restructuring / regularization) of the city are part of a wider field which aims at expanding the market and consolidating it.It thus appears that by claiming to fight against the territorial exclusions and inequalities, the RRF projects reproduce them in a renewed form, as a field of preparation for the expansion of the market in the informality territories.
2

Tjänstedesign – en Institutionaliserad Superstandard? : En kvalitativ studie om tjänstedesign med fokus på den ökande psykiska ohälsan

Säfbom, Linnea January 2017 (has links)
The essay describes how institutionalized standards arise and spreads in the global organizational community. From an institutional perspective, service design is analyzed as an institutionalized standard focusing on its claims to address a current problem in society, the increasing mental health.   The purpose is to analyze how service design is formulated as meaningful in the institutional environment and whether service design meets the characteristics that characterize successful institutionalized standards. Furthermore, the purpose is to analyze the way in which service design is presented as meaningful to address the problem of increasing mental illness. Does service design in this regard fulfill the characteristics that characterize successful institutionalized standards and how does service design look like spreading in this claim?  The approach to achieving the purpose is by distinguishing indicators of the characteristics that characterize successful institutionalized standards. The indicators consist of central meanings of service design based on a general presentation and based on a problem focused presentation. Secondary data in the form of conceptual literature form the basis of the general presentation, and primary data in the form of semistructured interviews focus on the current problem of increasing mental illness.   The conclusion is that service design based on a general presentation already fulfills most characteristics that characterize successful institutionalized standards and thus has a good opportunity to institutionalize and spread. Furthermore, it is concluded that service design focusing on the problem of increasing mental health meets the characteristics required in an external sense to institutionalize and spread. There is, however, no basis for determining whether service design focusing on the problem of increasing mental health internally within the organizational activity has the characteristics required to institutionalize and spread in the global organizational community. / Uppsatsen beskriver hur institutionaliserade standarder uppstår och sprids i det globala organisationssmahället. Utifrån ett institutionellt perspektiv analyseras tjänstedesign som en institutionaliserad standard med fokus på dess anspråk att hantera ett aktuellt problem i samhället, den ökande psykiska ohälsan. Syftet är att analysera hur tjänstedesign framställs som meningsbärande i den institutionella omgivningen och om tjänstedesign uppfyller de egenskaper som kännetecknar framgångsrika institutionaliserade standarder. Vidare är syftet att analysera på vilket sätt tjänstedesign framställs som meningsbärande i anspråk till att hantera problemet med den ökande psykiska ohälsan. Uppfyller tjänstedesign i detta anspråk de egenskaper som kännetecknar framgångsrika institutionaliserade standarder och hur ser tjänstedesignens möjlighet ut till att spridas i detta anspråk? Tillvägagångssättet för att uppnå syftet är genom att urskilja indikatorer på de egenskaper som kännetecknar framgångsrika institutionaliserade standarder. Indikatorerna utgörs av tjänstedesignenens möjliga meningsskapande – och meningsbärande centrala betydelser utifrån en allmän framställning och utifrån en problemfokuserad framställning.  Sekundärdata i form av konceptlitteratur ligger till grund för den allmänna framställningen och primärdata i form av semistrukturerade intervjuer fokuserar på det aktuella problemet med den ökande psykiska ohälsan.   Uppsatsens slutsats är att tjänstedesign utifrån en allmän framställning redan uppfyller flertalet egenskaper som kännetecknar framgångsrika institutionaliserade standarder och har därmed en god möjlighet att institutionaliseras och spridas.  Vidare är slutsatsen att tjänstedesign med fokus på problemet med den ökande psykiska ohälsan uppfyller de egenskaper som krävs i extern bemärkelse för att institutionaliseras och spridas. Det saknas däremot underlag för att avgöra om tjänstedesign med fokus på problemet med den ökande psykiska ohälsan internt inom den organisatoriska verksamheten har de egenskaper som krävs som att institutionaliseras och spridas i det globala organisationssmahället.

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