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A feasibility study into the use of UHF-EM transillumination measurements in geophysics is presented. The electrical properties and absorption rates of common crustal materials are examined with the goal of identifying specific conditions under which sufficient material penetration at UHF frequencies is available. / A prototype 445 MHz continuous-wave transillumination instrument designed for underground use is described. Test surveys, with this instrument, were conducted at the Big Nickel Mine in Sudbury, Ontario, to obtain a number of through-rock absorption rates. Estimated effective resistivities of between 500 and 1500 ohm-metres are determined from the survey data. / Effective conductivities and permittivities from AC and DC electrical property measurements on geological samples from the mine site corroborate these transillumination survey results. / The results of the field surveys indicate that the UHF-EM transillumination technique is a feasible and useful geophysical method.

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Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (GFAA) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES) are two primary means of analyzing metals at the elemental level. Both techniques are widely accepted as tools for basic research. Each technique is performed differently and has its own distinct advantages as well as disadvantages. The choice of which technique to employ is determined by the needs of the analysis and the limitations of the instrumental technique.The idea to merge the two techniques was originallydeveloped by the research group of Dr. Michael W. Blades of the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, in 1989, who successfully demonstrated a "mini" plasma within a graphite furnace. The goal of the research was to design a device that would combine the advantages of both techniques and hopefully eliminate or minimize the unfavorable characteristics of each technique.The sustaining of a "mini" plasma has been demonstrated by this group. Although the end result was similar to that of Blades' group, the method of achieving the plasma was such that the "new" instrument could easily be mounted onto the furnace via a small Interface/Power Coupling device. The advantages of this system are: existing GFAA instruments can be used; modification of the furnace and RF supply is minimal; RF electronics can be remotely located; removal of the interface device is quickly achieved; and sample introduction, through the use of an autosampler, can be facilitated with small modification.Background spectra were acquired using helium, argon, and a mixture of argon/helium. It was found that all the plasmas have highly structured backgrounds and demonstrate the potential for many analysis regions. Two methods of sample introduction were used in acquiring the line emission of magnesium: injection through the sample inlet port to the furnace and end window injection. Inlet port injection suffers from a loss of sensitivity, when compared to end cap injection, but is more easily performed. / Department of Chemistry

The problem addressed by this study was the search for ways to relate knowledge of wind instrument playing methods to the study of voice. The purpose of the study was to examine historical and contemporary brass and woodwind teaching sources to determine whether allusions to the vocal art were documented by reputable wind teachers.The ninety-one available sources were written between 1545 and 1981, and included books, treatises, periodicals, and other studies written by scholars, musicians, and teachers from Europe, Asia, and North America. Allusions to the vocal art appeared in eighty percent of the sources studied and occurred with nearly equal frequency in brass and woodwind sources.The study revealed both direct and indirect allusions made in reference to such matters as the relationship of wind instruments to voice, breathing and breath control, tone production, facility, and musicianship.ConclusionsBased on the finding that numerous allusions to the vocal art have been documented in wind instrument pedagogical sources, the following conclusions are drawn:1. A very close relationship exists between the wind instruments and voice.2. A common body of pedagogical theories may be found in vocal and wind instrument teaching methods.3. These theories have been used by wind pedagogues to teach wind instruments.4. A preparatory background in the study of voice and singing methods provides a desirable foundation for the study of wind instrument playing.5. Many authors, it would appear, assume that the wind instrument student already possesses a functional knowledge of the art of singing.

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The macroscopic behaviour of a two-phase foam depends on chemical properties such as surface tension, and physical properties such as the shape and size of the bubbles in the foam. The chemical properties of a foaming material may be deduced from experiments on the material in the single phase, for example surface tension or viscosity measurements. However, in order to measure structure the foam must clearly be present. This presents a difficult problem, especially for liquid foams which are often fast-moving and liable to collapse or rearrange on coming into contact with a probe. Optical techniques for examining foam structures can be non-invasive and take advantage of the semi-transparent nature of many liquid and solid foams. In particular, the application of confocal and axial tomography systems to real three-dimensional cellular foams can resolve their local geometric structure. This thesis covers the application of new optical tomographic techniques to the imaging of foams and presents the first three-dimensional models of bubble structure in liquid and solid foams. Complete descriptions of the hardware and software are included; imaging systems are based on a personal computer with an inexpensive video digitising card and a CCD camera. A clear advantage of optical systems is that the high data bandwidth required for tomography is available even on relatively slow computers by modern standards. Typically, all the data for a sixteen-million (256³) voxel model covering a world volume of 64mm³ can be acquired in a period of 30 seconds. Results from this work include the first three-dimensional solid models of observed foams, both aqueous and polyurethane-based, including volume models of minimal energy cellular foam configurations. In particular, Kelvin's proposed minimal cell and also bubbles from the Weaire-Phelan structure have been resolved by the system.

From virtually the beginning of the twentieth century, musicians were sufficiently intrigued by the possibilities of the player piano to compose and specially arrange music for it. The aesthetic of 'automatic music' reaches back at least as far as JS Bach and forward to Conlon Nancarrow and Georgy Ligeti, as well as in developments in electronic popular and art music. This thesis makes a case study of seventeen compositions, arrangements and fragments from the period of the instrument's greatest commercial success, 1900-1927, including music by Bax, Busoni, Casella, Hans Haass, Hindemith and Stravinsky, and seeks to relate them to the broader range both of player piano compositions and music for other automatic musical instruments, as well as the stylistic developments of the time. A number of items are in score for the first time, and an attempt at a complete listing of the repertory for player piano is included.

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