As the topic of sustainability is gaining a lot of importance, organizations in the aviation industry are coming together to form networks. The purpose of the study is to understand the concept of inter-organizational networks as potential learning organizations and find out how facilitating processes that enable these inter-organizational networks like collaboration, communication and knowledge management operate within networks. Further research will explore processes of learning in networks to investigate alignment and resemblance with the concept of sustainable learning organization and provide an insight on organization structure and culture as enablers of learning. The basic design of the study consists of semi-structured interviews of two networks in the aviation industry as primary data in order to support research questions with empirical analysis. In addition, systematic review of academic literature and official websites of various network stakeholders was used as a secondary data collection source to discover track record of current research study in this field and identify knowledge gaps and areas for further study. Major findings include impact of formal and informal structure of networks on learning processes and objective setting for the network. It also depicts a need for a holistic and systematic approach at interorganizational level in order to form a learning organization. In the end culture was also identified as a learning enabler in networks that tend to be sustainable learning organizations.

Inter-organizational projects have become common forms of organizing in various industries such as construction, advertising, music, film making etc. The unique structural nature of Inter-organizational projects coupled with the fact that they carried out through the participation of multiple organizations, raises issues of coordination. Particularly when it comes to creative industries, coordination is challenged by demand and transactional uncertainties. In order to understand how inter-organizational projects achieve coordination in such situations, it is important to study their interior processes putting in consideration their environmental context.  The aim of this research is to study how network embeddedness enhances coordination in inter-organizational projects within creative industries. Inter-organizational projects: are projects that are carried out through the collaboration of multiple legally independent organizations Inter-organizational networks: refer to sets of long-term ties among independent organizations that are engaged in continuous exchange relations. Embeddedness: refers to the continuous interaction of individuals, organizations, projects etc. with their environmental context. Macrocultures: refer to the shared beliefs, norms values rules and practices with in inter- organizational networks that guide members on their actions. A qualitative approach using a multiple comparative case study was conducted. Accordingly four projects chosen from creative industries were studied using both primary and secondary data. Macrocultures that are embedded inter-organizational networks facilitate coordination within inter-organizational projects. Further projects that differ in their constituents task nature, time duration and team composition relied on different types of embeddedness for coordination.

Submitted by Mariana Dornelles Vargas (marianadv) on 2015-03-31T17:36:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 simbiose_industrial.pdf: 1193186 bytes, checksum: be75c89b1eddae31918ce17781e9bf16 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-31T17:36:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 simbiose_industrial.pdf: 1193186 bytes, checksum: be75c89b1eddae31918ce17781e9bf16 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-06 / Comitesinos - Comitê de Gerenciamento da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio dos Sinos / FNMA - Fundo Nacional do Meio Ambiente / Pró-Sinos - Consórcio Público de Saneamento Básico da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio dos Sinos / SEMA - Secretaria Estadual do Meio Ambiente (RS) / Ao longo dos anos, o desenvolvimento industrial trouxe impactos positivos e negativos à sociedade. O setor metal mecânico está inserido neste contexto, pois se caracteriza como setor de grande impacto ambiental adverso, além de consumir recursos naturais, gera uma série de resíduos sólidos, efluentes líquidos e emissões atmosféricas. Na Simbiose Industrial, os vários agentes (stakeholders) que participam, direta ou indiretamente, das atividades das empresas são os grandes propulsores das mudanças em prol da prevenção da poluição. Essa relação entre as partes pode acontecer de diversas formas, formando uma rede de melhorias ambientais conjuntas. É exatamente neste ponto que esta pesquisa pretende expandir-se e estudar a inter-relação das empresas com seus demais atores. Quem motiva quem? Quem ou quais são as molas propulsoras das mudanças ambientais? Que interrelações com esse propósito já acontecem nas empresas? De que forma ocorrem? Essas questões, abrangentes e complexas, são avaliadas e discutidas ao longo deste trabalho e aprofundadas em estudos de caso realizados em três empresas do setor. O estudo também contempla uma identificação das indústrias deste setor na área de abrangência citada, que aponta 331 empresas localizadas em 17 municípios dos trechos médio e inferior da Bacia dos Sinos, que é onde ocorrem os maiores impactos negativos oriundos de atividades industriais. Dentro do contexto apresentado, o presente trabalho tem como principal objetivo o de contribuir para a minimização dos impactos ambientais gerados pelo setor metal-mecânico na Bacia do Rio dos Sinos, tendo como horizonte a Ecologia Industrial. Aliando os resultados da identificação das indústrias e dos estudos de caso, o presente trabalho propõe um modelo de Simbiose Industrial, com o foco em coprodutos, aplicável ao setor, na área de abrangência da Bacia dos Sinos. O modelo é composto de sete etapas, que impulsionam as melhorias ambientais dos participantes, englobando desde a realização de uma gestão ambiental preventiva até a criação de uma rede de intercâmbios de co-produtos e recursos intangíveis, como conhecimento e informações. Para tal, diversos stakeholders são fundamentais, como entidades de apoio, universidades e instituições de fomento. Os estudos de caso demonstram que não existe uma única resposta à questão sobre os motivos das empresas para aprimorarem-se ambientalmente. A empresa X possui uma motivação exclusivamente cultural. A Empresa Y tem sua motivação mais arraigada na pessoa do diretor da empresa no que na empresa, embora exista um grande esforço do diretor para tal. Já na Empresa Z, a motivação é exclusivamente estratégica. De qualquer forma, os estudos demonstram que a cultura ou educação ambiental direcionam os motivos da mudança. Identificaram-se relações simbióticas entre empresas e stakeholders nos três casos estudados. / Over the years, industrial development has brought positive and negative impacts on society. The metal mechanic sector is em bedded in this respect because it is characterized as a sector of major adverse environmental impact, in addition to consuming natural resources; it generates a series of solid wastes, liquid effluents and atmospheric emissions. Industrial Symbiosis in the various actors (stakeholders) involved, directly or indirectly, the activities of firms are major drivers of change towards pollution prevention. This relationship between the parties can happen in various ways, such as forming a network of joint environmental improvements. It is exactly this point that it intends to expand and explore the inter-relation of the companies with their other players. Who drives whom? Who or what are the mains prings of environmental change? Those inter-relationships for this purpose is already happening in business? How do they occur? These issues, comprehensive and complex, are addressed, evaluated and discussed throughout this work and in-depth case studies in three companies in the industry. The study also includes an identification of the industries of this sector in the area range cited, which identifies 331 companies located in 17 cities from the medium and lower Basin of the Sinos River, which is where the greatest impacts occur from industrial activities. Within the context presented, this dissertation ma in objective is to contribute to the minimization of environmental impacts caused by the metal-mechanic sector in the Basin of Sinos River, having in mind the Industrial Ecology. Combining the results of identification of industries and case studies, this dissertation proposes a model of industrial symbiosis, focusing on by-products, applicable to the sector in the area of the Basin of the Sinos River. The model consists of seven steps that drive environmental improvements of the participants, comprising the implementation of a preventive environmental management for creating a network for exchange of by-products and intangible assets such as knowledge and information. To this end, several stakeholders are the key, such as support entities, universities and funding institutions. The case studies show that there is no single answer to the question about the motives of companies to improve themselves environmentally. Company X has a purely cultural motivation. Company Y has its motivation rooted more in the person of the company's director from the company, although there is a great director for this effort. In the Z Company, the motivation is purely strategic. Anyway, studies show that culture or environmental education directs the reasons for the change. It was identified symbiotic relationships between companies and stakeholders in the three cases studied.