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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Affordances e restriÃÃes na interaÃÃo interpessoal escrita online durante a aprendizagem de inglÃs como lÃngua estrangeira / Affordances and constraints in online text-based interpersonal interaction in the process of learning English as a foreign language

AndrÃia Turolo da Silva 09 December 2015 (has links)
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Os processos de ensino e aprendizagem de lÃnguas estrangeiras por meio da educaÃÃo a distÃncia vÃm conquistando cada vez mais espaÃo tanto nas ofertas de cursos nessa modalidade, quanto nas agendas de pesquisa em linguÃstica aplicada movidas pelo interesse em compreender como o contÃnuo avanÃo tecnolÃgico e cientÃfico impactam as metodologias e as prÃticas de ensino e aprendizagem de lÃnguas (PAIVA, 1999, 2010, 2011). Inserido nesse universo, o contexto desta pesquisa foi um curso de letras-inglÃs na modalidade a distÃncia ofertado para pÃlos do interior do estado do CearÃ. Devido Ãs vÃrias restriÃÃes tecnolÃgicas e ambientais presentes nesse cenÃrio, prevalecia a forma de interaÃÃo interpessoal online no modo escrito dentro do ambiente virtual de aprendizagem pesquisado. A comunicaÃÃo mediada pelo computador (CMC) escrita apresenta vÃrias restriÃÃes aos interagentes devido ao modo visual reduzido. Por outro lado, a CMC escrita apresenta recursos diferenciados que ajudam a sustentar a interaÃÃo e que podem favorecer a aprendizagem de lÃnguas (WARSCHAUER, 1998; CHAPELLE, 2001, 2003; FELIX, 2003; WHITE, 2003; LEVY & STOCKWELL, 2006; LAMY & HAMPEL, 2007). Nesse Ãmbito, o objetivo principal desta pesquisa, caracterizada como qualitativa complexa (SILVERMAN, 2000), foi descrever os mecanismos de engajamento com affordances que ajudam a sustentar a interaÃÃo interpessoal escrita em um ambiente virtual de aprendizagem de inglÃs como lÃngua estrangeira, especificamente nos fÃruns de discussÃo e nos chats. A noÃÃo de affordance, oriunda da psicologia ecolÃgica (GIBSON, 1986), foi discutida neste trabalho em trÃs dimensÃes: (i) a ambiental, (ii) a tecnolÃgica, estas duas a partir das contribuiÃÃes de Lamy & Hampel (2007) e Rama et al. (2012), principalmente, e (iii) a linguÃstica, associando a esta Ãltima uma teoria pragmÃtica sobre pistas de contextualizaÃÃo (GUMPERZ, 1982; GREENO, 1994). Buscando preservar a noÃÃo de affordance como uma ressonÃncia do indivÃduo com o que percebe como Ãtil para agir no ambiente, que rompe com a dicotomia objetivo-subjetivo, a teoria da complexidade forneceu subsÃdios teÃrico-metodolÃgicos para investigar as interaÃÃes interpessoais escritas nos fÃruns e nos chats como sistemas adaptativos complexos em que fatores interagiam e eram percebidos como affordances ou como restriÃÃes para o engajamento durante as trajetÃrias das interaÃÃes (LARSEN-FREEMAN & CAMERON, 2008). Para estudar a percepÃÃo, foram tambÃm realizadas entrevistas motivadas pelos dados das interaÃÃes analisadas como forma de reconstruÃÃo de contexto. As descobertas mostraram lados antagÃnicos dos affordances: o que era percebido por alguns como um favorecimento, para outros era uma restriÃÃo, como foi o caso da cronÃmica nos chats e nos fÃruns. Affordances tecnolÃgicos e linguÃsticos contribuÃram para a construÃÃo da presenÃa no ambiente, da projeÃÃo das identidades individuais e de grupo, de uma comunidade de aprendizagem (LAVE & WENGER, 1991; WHITE, 2003), que, por sua vez, foi um affordance ambiental para o sentimento de confianÃa e seguranÃa no engajamento nas interaÃÃes. Evidenciou-se, por fim, que os affordances podem ser mediados pelo professor. / The processes of foreign language learning and teaching in distance education have conquered increasing space in both course offerings in this educational mode and in applied linguistics research agendas driven by the interest in understanding how the continuous technological and scientific progress impact methodologies and practices of teaching and learning languages (PAIVA, 1999, 2010 2011). Inserted in this universe, the context of this research was one course of English teacher education (Letras), through distance education, offered for municipalities located in the countryside of the state of Ceara, Brazil. Due to various technological and environmental constraints present in this scenario, the online interpersonal interaction in the virtual learning environment was realized predominantly in the written mode. Text-based Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC) presents several constraints on interactants because of its visually-reduced mode. On the other hand, text-based CMC presents different features, which help to sustain the interaction and can promote language learning (WARSCHAUER, 1998; CHAPELLE, 2001, 2003; FELIX, 2003; WHITE, 2003; LEVY & STOCKWELL, 2006; LAMY & HAMPEL, 2007). In this context, the main objective of this research, characterized as qualitative-complex research (SILVERMAN, 2000), was to describe the mechanisms of engagement with the affordances that helped to sustain the text-based interpersonal interactions in a virtual learning environment where English was learned as a foreign language, specifically in discussion forums and chats. The notion of affordance, which came from ecological psychology (GIBSON, 1986), was discussed in this work according to three dimensions: (i) the environmental dimension, (ii) the technological dimension, both of them with contributions by Lamy & Hampel (2007) and Rama et al. (2012), mainly, and (iii) the linguistic dimension, associating a linguistics pragmatics theory about contextualization cues to the latter (GUMPERZ, 1982; GREENO, 1994). The complexity theory offered subsidies to study text-based interpersonal interactions in forums and chats as complex systems in which factors interacted and were perceived as affordances or as constraints to the engagement during the interactional trajectories (LARSEN-FREEMAN & CAMERON, 2008), as well as helped to preserve the notion of affordance as a resonance between an individual and what they can perceive as useful for engagement in the environment, which avoids the objective-subjetive dichotomy. In order to study perception, data-stimulated interviews were conducted with participants as a form of context reconstruction. The findings showed antagonistic sides of affordances: what was perceived as affordances by some of the participants, others could perceive as constraint, such as the chronemics in the chats and forums analyzed. Technological and linguistic affordances contributed to the construction of presence in the environment, helping participants to project both individual and group identities, and the learning community identity (LAVE & WENGER, 1991; WHITE, 2003), which, in turn, was an environmental affordance to build a sense of confidence and trust to engage in the interactions. Finally, it was possible to verify that affordances could be mediated by the teachers.

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