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This study reviewed the funding, budgeting, revenue generating practices of community college athletics. Several theories informed the research including institutional theory (isomorphism) academic capitalism, resource dependency, and role/work conflict. The design of the study was to interview an athletic administrator or athletic director, a coach, and an athletic trainer from each of the community colleges in a western state. These interviews occurred on the community college campus to allow for observation of the facilities. In addition, a national sample of athletic trainers from community colleges was interviewed. The study indicates that community college athletics is philosophically resisting the pressure to look and behave like larger collegiate athletic departments. Resistance is not universal however; some community college athletics personnel consider the move toward budget driven decisions and marketing similar to Division I (one) institutions as coming and inevitable. Isomorphism is alive and well among community college institutions. The decisions for spending and growth are not always the decisions, which are best for the institution and its athletes. At times these decisions are made because of mimetic isomorphism. The study indicates that athletic personnel can base decisions in the context of the budget and fund raising practices. These decisions are not yet raised to a critical state where untoward influence on the institution is felt at the community college level. Overall, community college athletic personnel are individuals who care about the student athlete model and believe the role of collegiate athletic is to contribute to the community and the college. I found the athletic personnel to be professional and supportive of athletics from the president to the departments, through the athletic directors, coaches and athletic trainers.

Diversity efforts implemented by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) hope to improve the Association through the addition of multiple voices in athletics. Notably, the Senior Woman Administrator (SWA) designation is intended to encourage and promote the involvement of female administrators in meaningful ways in the decision-making process in intercollegiate athletics. This role, created under Article 4.02.4 of the NCAA constitution, is to be filled by the highest ranking female in each NCAA athletic department or member conference (Levick, 2002; Raphaely, 2003). Given the evolving definition and nature of the SWA designation and of female managerial roles (Eagly & Karau, 2002), there exists a question as to whether the SWA designation has provided the scope of decision-making and authority suggested in the NCAA definition of the designation. Research must show if SWAs are able to use their power and give different opinions. It must also uncover if there is still a need for the SWA role and if the title is still appropriate for this designation.

This investigation was designed to study coach and self-appraised groupings of intercollegiate tennis players who yield to stress and withstand stress and to determine if personality differences existed between groups. Subjects were 75 intercollegiate tennis players from Texas. A stress inventory and the Cattell Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire were instruments utilized in the study. Data were subjected to hierarchical profile-groupings, three-way analyses of variance, and a correlational analysis. Conclusions of the study were that intercollegiate tennis players and male and female players respond to stress differently; intercollegiate tennis players and male and female players who experience different levels of stress have different personalities; and players and coaches do not evaluate the ability to cope with stress similarly.