Le mode de développement externe le plus répandu pour faire face à l’environnement changeant des entreprises (Jacob et Poitras, 2015) est la fusion-acquisition (Meier et Schier, 2012). L’objectif principal des fusions-acquisitions est souvent la recherche de synergies. Or, pour réaliser les objectifs de la nouvelle entité, les individus doivent collaborer afin de créer l’efficacité collective qui permettra d’ajouter de la valeur au travail réalisé (Morin, 2015). Néanmoins, dans la littérature scientifique, nous ne retrouvons pas les déterminants de la collaboration interindividuelle.Cette thèse propose un modèle de recherche intégrant les différents déterminants de la collaboration. Elle accorde une attention particulière à la mesure de l’influence de la confiance et de la culture sur l’efficacité de la collaboration. À l’appui d’une étude empirique qualitative fondée sur 44 entretiens et d'une étude quantitative reposant sur 301 réponses, les deux effectuées au sein d’Air France-KLM, nous avons pu montrer que la confiance et la culture ont une influence particulière lorsqu’il s’agit de l’efficacité de la collaboration.Notre étude confirme, dans un premier temps, l’importance de l’efficacité de la collaboration en montrant qu’elle détermine pour 68 % la réalisation des objectifs. Ensuite, nous observons que la confiance est l’élément essentiel pour une bonne communication et une forte cohésion sociale, qui expliquent à leur tour ensemble 58 % de l’efficacité de la collaboration. Ainsi, nous constatons que la confiance interpersonnelle influence l’efficacité de la collaboration de manière indirecte. Cela est aussi le cas pour la culture. La distance hiérarchique au sein de la culture d’entreprise et l’évitement de l’incertitude au niveau de la culture nationale ont une influence négative sur la confiance et la cohésion sociale. De même, nous remarquons qu’il existe également une influence indirecte de la culture des individus sur l’efficacité de la collaboration. / Merger-acquisition is the most widespread mode of external development for dealing with the changing environment of business (Jacob and Poitras, 2015). The main objective of a merger-acquisition is most often seeking for synergies. However, in order to achieve the objectives of the new entity, individuals must work together to create collective efficiency that adds value to the work they realize (Morin, 2015). Nevertheless, we find no studies in the scientific literature on how to promote effective inter-individual collaboration after a merger-acquisition.This PhD proposes a research model integrating the various determinants of collaboration and pays particular attention to the extent of the influence of trust and culture that play, according to the existing literature, an important role in the effectiveness of inter-individual collaboration. The results of a qualitative study, based on 44 interviews, and a quantitative study, based on 301 questionnaires, that are both realized at Air France-KLM, allow us to see that trust and culture have an important and indirect influence on the effectiveness of collaboration.Our study confirms firstly the importance of studying inter-individual collaboration by showing that its effectiveness determines 68% of the realization of the objectives of the organization. Secondly, we observe that trust is essential for good communication and strong social cohesion, which in turn account for 58% of the effectiveness of collaboration. Thus, we remark that interpersonal trust influences the effectiveness of collaboration indirectly. This is also the case for culture. Power distances in corporate culture and avoidance of uncertainty in national culture have a negative impact on trust and social cohesion. Since social cohesion and communication determine the effectiveness of collaboration, we could conclude that cultural aspects influence the effectiveness of collaboration indirectly.

付記する学位プログラム名: デザイン学大学院連携プログラム / 京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(情報学) / 甲第22579号 / 情博第716号 / 新制||情||123(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院情報学研究科社会情報学専攻 / (主査)教授 緒方 広明, 特定准教授 LIN Donghui, 教授 河原 達也, 教授 石田 亨(京都大学 名誉教授) / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Informatics / Kyoto University / DFAM

Music educators employed by the Large Overseas American School System (LOASS) at the center of this study live and work within the borders of allied host nations. Their students are dependents of military and civilian personnel stationed on bases situated on allied foreign soil. The researcher explores numerous perceptions of music educators and students who have engaged in intercultural collaboration, an unexplored activity occurring in the context of LOASS. Participants report on particular circumstances and issues surrounding activities in music education that include overseas host nation stakeholders. Contributions to the body of literature include re-envisioning the process through which one becomes intercultural, the role of antenarrative and what it comprises, as well as distinguishing unidirectional musical exchange from the activity of omnidirectional collaboration. Data sources include surveys, interviews, and historical evidence such as photos, school yearbooks and newspaper accounts. Survey results obtained from former LOASS music educators and students inform readers of the depth and breadth of the LOASS system, and the demographics of its participant pools. Interview data were manually coded, and revealed several emergent themes: motivations for initiating collaborative activities and what those activities look like; impact of collaborations on former music teachers, their students and host nation counterparts; barriers which inhibit such collaborations from taking place; strategies for overcoming those barriers, and what participants believe qualifies such collaborations as being successful. Yearbook and photographic relics provided an historical sense of overseas schools’ vision and legacy through writings and pictures archived over a 68-year continuum. In totum, these data comprise an antenarrative ‘story before the story’ from which participants’ narratives emerge and are presented in their own words. Framed within this context, the results provide a blueprint of how other members of the music education community can engage in such activities and successfully overcome any potential barriers that may inhibit them. Finally, a number of actionable alternative research methodologies are proffered to future researchers that may address peripheral issues regarding intercultural collaborations through activities in music education worldwide. In doing so, this study may encourage other like-minded music educators and their students to do the same.

Successful intercultural natural resource management collaboration is challenged by divergent worldviews and power disparities. Studies of non-intercultural collaboration efforts demonstrate that good outcomes emerge when procedural conditions are met, such as fostering open and high-quality deliberations, use of interest-based bargaining techniques and collective definition of the scope of the process. The applicability of these procedural conditions to intercultural collaboration efforts, such as negotiations between Aboriginal people, government resource managers and sustainable forest license holders, has not been explored. The aim of this thesis is to examine the outcomes and factors influencing two intercultural collaborations in the northeast region of Ontario. Semi-structured interviews with collaboration participants, negotiation meeting minutes and draft agreements are used as data sources. Following a general inductive coding approach and using QSR NVivo 2, the analysis of outcomes in both cases highlights improvements in relationships, increased understanding among the parties and the gradual definition of the scope of the negotiation. The findings also demonstrate that several barriers, including a lack of clear policy and legislative framework for collaboration and different definitions of the problem discourage intercultural collaboration. In one negotiation process, frequent and high quality deliberations, using an interest-based negotiation approach, and efforts to mutually define the scope of the negotiation prior to substantive negotiation do not overcome these systemic barriers to collaboration. However, in another negotiation process, the social and relational characteristics of the community and participants do contribute to the parties recognizing their interdependence, focusing on shared goals and undertaking joint action. This research demonstrates that the development of shared goals and acknowledgement of divergent problem definitions are more important to intercultural collaboration success than the development of improved relationships and establishing a mutually acceptable scope prior to collaboration. In the absence of a supportive legislative basis for the distribution of forest decision-making authority and responsibilities, this understanding of how Aboriginal, government and forest industry participants can collaborate is useful for developing more effective and equitable intercultural collaboration.

Successful intercultural natural resource management collaboration is challenged by divergent worldviews and power disparities. Studies of non-intercultural collaboration efforts demonstrate that good outcomes emerge when procedural conditions are met, such as fostering open and high-quality deliberations, use of interest-based bargaining techniques and collective definition of the scope of the process. The applicability of these procedural conditions to intercultural collaboration efforts, such as negotiations between Aboriginal people, government resource managers and sustainable forest license holders, has not been explored. The aim of this thesis is to examine the outcomes and factors influencing two intercultural collaborations in the northeast region of Ontario. Semi-structured interviews with collaboration participants, negotiation meeting minutes and draft agreements are used as data sources. Following a general inductive coding approach and using QSR NVivo 2, the analysis of outcomes in both cases highlights improvements in relationships, increased understanding among the parties and the gradual definition of the scope of the negotiation. The findings also demonstrate that several barriers, including a lack of clear policy and legislative framework for collaboration and different definitions of the problem discourage intercultural collaboration. In one negotiation process, frequent and high quality deliberations, using an interest-based negotiation approach, and efforts to mutually define the scope of the negotiation prior to substantive negotiation do not overcome these systemic barriers to collaboration. However, in another negotiation process, the social and relational characteristics of the community and participants do contribute to the parties recognizing their interdependence, focusing on shared goals and undertaking joint action. This research demonstrates that the development of shared goals and acknowledgement of divergent problem definitions are more important to intercultural collaboration success than the development of improved relationships and establishing a mutually acceptable scope prior to collaboration. In the absence of a supportive legislative basis for the distribution of forest decision-making authority and responsibilities, this understanding of how Aboriginal, government and forest industry participants can collaborate is useful for developing more effective and equitable intercultural collaboration.

It is well known that international project teams and collaboration partners are operating in complex cultural settings influenced by factors such as postcolonial power dynamics, communication differences and dissynergies in motivation. Such discrepancies may have impeding effects on end-results, according to some scholars of intercultural communication. This paper aims to explore similarities and differences in communication and collaboration perspectives through the lens of Communication Accommodation Theory (CAT) and Face Negotiation Theory (FNT). It does so by analysing qualitative data collected through in depth interviews with project team members from the NGO sector and the government in Cambodia. The project serving as an example case for this study is “An Inclusive Labour Market in Cambodia - Support to People with Disabilities 2021-2023”. The project is a collaboration between a Swedish government agency, five Cambodian NGOs, and a Finnish NGO as well as a number of international organisations operating in Cambodia. The Cambodian government, in particular National Employment Agency, (NEA), are also involved to anchor project results on a systematic level and create sustainability after the end of the project implementation period. The study agrees with postcolonial perspectives of international development and puts the Cambodian project partners’ perspective at the core of the analysis. In doing so, the aim is to outline and analyse differences and similarities found among representatives from different Cambodian stakeholders. In short, the key findings focus on how to strengthen communication and collaboration for more sustainable outcomes. In doing so, the study hopes to make a valuable contribution towards disability inclusion on the Cambodian labour market.

This thesis explores the cultural considerations American technical communicators must address when working with French colleagues and when creating technical documentation for French audiences. A review of the literature on intercultural communication theory was conducted, along with a review of the limited research on technical communication in France and the needs of French audiences. A qualitative online survey of French technical communicators was also conducted. Through this survey, French technical communicators reported on their intercultural beliefs, experiences, and practices, and information, language, and cultural needs. Survey responses were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Two main themes were developed as a result of this analysis: the importance of adapting content to French audiences, and the cultural differences between French and American information needs and communication styles. Survey findings are combined with theoretical and practical literature to offer American technical communicators guidance for successful intercultural interactions. This thesis concludes with suggestions for future practice and research in intercultural technical communication.