This research investigates the application of multiuser interference suppression to direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) for peer-to-peer packet radio networks. The emphasis of this work is to develop and validate efficient interference suppression techniques through selective cancellation of interference; next, the combination of interference suppression with error correction coding is studied. A decoder-assisted frame synchronization technique is proposed for future packet radio system. The performance of DS-CDMA in packet radio networks suffers from the near-far problem. This near-far problem can be alleviated by using either a multiuser receiver or a single-user adaptive receiver along with centralized or distributed power control. The first part of this dissertation compares the use of these receivers in a peer-to-peer environment. Next, we investigate how interference cancellation can be combined with forward error correction coding for throughput enhancement of the system. Although receivers using interference suppression are simple in structure, the performance degrades due to the lack of exact knowledge of the interfering signal in cancellation and also due to biased decision statistics for the parallel cancellation case. We consider a system that employs both partial parallel interference cancellation and convolutional coding. Information is shared between the operations of interference cancellation and decoding in an iterative manner, using log-likelihood ratios of the estimated coded symbols. We investigate the performance of this system for both synchronous and asynchronous CDMA systems, and for both equal and unequal signal powers. Finally, a new code-assisted frame synchronization scheme, which uses the soft-information of the decoder, is proposed and evaluated. The sync bits are placed in the mid-amble, and encoded as a part of the data sequence using the error correction encoder to resolve time ambiguities. This technique is applied for turbo decoder-assisted frame synchronization. The performance improvement of these proposed techniques over conventional synchronization techniques is explored via simulation. / Ph. D.

The communications industry is experiencing an explosion in the demand for personal communications services (PCS). Several digital technologies have been proposed to replace overburdened analog systems. One system that has gained increasing popularity in North America is a 1.25 MHz Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system (IS-95). In CDMA systems, multiple access interference limits the capacity of any system using conventional single user correlation or matched filter receivers. Previous research has shown that multiuser detection receivers that employ interference cancellation techniques can significantly improve the capacity of a CDMA system. This thesis studies two such structures: the successive interference cancellation scheme and the parallel interference cancellation scheme. These multiuser receivers are integrated into an IS-95 compatible receiver model which is simulated in software. This thesis develops simulation software that simulates IS-95 with conventional and multiuser receivers in multipath channels and when near-far conditions exist. Simulation results present the robustness of multiuser receivers to near-far in a practical system. In addition to multiuser implemenations, quantization effects from finite bit analog to digital converters (ADC) in CDMA systems will also be simulated. / Master of Science

In Code Division Multiple Access (COMA) systems, the multiple access interference limits the capacity of current systems which use a matched filter or correlation receiver. It has been shown by previous research that multiuser detection receivers employing interference cancellation techniques can significantly improve the capacity of COMA systems. Error correction coding is also an important technique for overcoming severe channel degradation. In this project, we investigate the performance of multiuser receivers which use the combination of interference cancellation techniques and error correction codes. Specifically, we look at the combination of multistage interference cancellation and convolutional coding. Two different combination schemes are proposed and the performance of these two schemes is studied. The first scheme is a partitioned approach where the multistage interference cancellation is in front of the decoder and is performed on the coded data. The second scheme is an integrated approach where the decoded data is used to reconstruct the transmitted signals in order to do interference cancellation. Both of these two schemes result in significant performance improvement over a receiver using either multistage interference cancellation or convolutional coding techniques only, for a reasonable range of operating points. The first scheme is recommended due to its soft-decision estimation of transmitted signal and implementation considerations. The analytical results for the first scheme are presented. Simulation results for both of these two schemes are obtained and compared. / Master of Science

<p>Ultra wideband (UWB) communication systems refers to systems whose bandwidth is many times greater than the “narrowband” systems (refers to a signal which occupies only small amount of space on the radio spectrum). UWB can be used for indoor, communications for high data rates, or very low data rates for substantial link distances because of the extremely large bandwidth, immune to multi-path fading, penetrations through concrete block or obstacles. UWB can also used for short distance ranging whose applications include asset location in a warehouse, position location for wireless sensor networks, and collision avoidance.</p><p>In order to verify analytical and simulation results with real-world measurements, the need for experimental UWB systems arises. The Institute of Communications Engineering [IANT] has developed a low-cost experimental UWB positioning system to test UWB based positioning concepts. The mobile devices use the avalanche effect of transistors for simple generation of bi-phase pulses and are TDMA multi-user capable. The receiver is implemented in software and employs coherent cross-correlation with peak detection to localize the mobile unit via Time-Difference-Of-Arrival (TDOA) algorithms. Since the power of a proposed UWB system’s signal spread over a very wide bandwidth, the frequencies allocated to multiple existing narrowband systems may interfere with UWB spectrum. The goal of the filters discussed in this project is to cancel or suppress the interference while not distort the desired signal. To investigate the interference, we develop a algorithm to calculate the interference tones. In this thesis, we assume the interference to be narrowband interference (NBI) modeled as sinusoidal tones with unknown amplitude, frequency and phase. If we known the interference tones then it may be removed using a simple notched filter. Herein, we chose an adaptive filter so that it can adjust the interference tone automatically and cancel. In this thesis I tested adaptive filter technique to cancel interference cancellation (ie) LMS algorithm and Adaptive Noise Cancellation (ANC) technique. In this thesis performance of the both filters are compared.</p>

Interference dominated wireless communications systems are considered. Joint detection methods are applied to combat the negative effects of the temporal and spatial interference. However, practical joint detectors are not commonly used due to their high complexity. Therefore, there is a constant need to deliver reduced complexity solutions that approach substantial fraction of the channel capacity. In the first part of this thesis it is shown that simple transmission technique employing repetition coding and interleaving combined with interference cancellation is an asymptotically optimal processing strategy when high interference is experienced, for instance due to the relatively high ratio of the number of signals to the number of orthogonal dimensions. Surprisingly, strong, capacity achieving codes exhibit inferior performance and are not well suited for iterative interference cancellation due to their sharp threshold characteristics. Motivated by this observation partitioned modulation is introduced and applied to a multiuser spread spectrum system, which inherently encompasses a repetition coding mechanism. The detection of the resulting signals employs a parallel interference cancellation approach, where the repetition code exchanges information iteratively with the canceller. Precise signal-to-noise ratio evolution of the proposed receiver as a function of demodulation iterations is given. It is shown, that for equal received power system, partitioned demodulator outperforms linear minimum mean squared error processor at a fraction of complexity. This receiver processing for a wide range of parameters delivers estimates that coincide with the optimal processing based on exhaustive search. For unequal received signal powers these advantages are even more visible and for a particular exponential power allocation the proposed system reaches the capacity of the channel. The analytical investigations are verified using computer simulations. In the second part of this dissertation, multi-user MIMO systems compliant with 3GPP LTE standard are considered. Turbo near-far resistant interference cancellation receiver is proposed. It jointly removes multi-user, multi-antenna and inter-symbol interference and outperforms traditional demodulation/decoding method adopted in the LTE standard. Semi-analytical method of predicting the performance of this joint receiver for any system setup is outlined. This approach makes it possible to tune up the performance of the system without running extensive bit-error-rate simulations. / Communications

Ultra wideband (UWB) communication systems refers to systems whose bandwidth is many times greater than the “narrowband” systems (refers to a signal which occupies only small amount of space on the radio spectrum). UWB can be used for indoor, communications for high data rates, or very low data rates for substantial link distances because of the extremely large bandwidth, immune to multi-path fading, penetrations through concrete block or obstacles. UWB can also used for short distance ranging whose applications include asset location in a warehouse, position location for wireless sensor networks, and collision avoidance. In order to verify analytical and simulation results with real-world measurements, the need for experimental UWB systems arises. The Institute of Communications Engineering [IANT] has developed a low-cost experimental UWB positioning system to test UWB based positioning concepts. The mobile devices use the avalanche effect of transistors for simple generation of bi-phase pulses and are TDMA multi-user capable. The receiver is implemented in software and employs coherent cross-correlation with peak detection to localize the mobile unit via Time-Difference-Of-Arrival (TDOA) algorithms. Since the power of a proposed UWB system’s signal spread over a very wide bandwidth, the frequencies allocated to multiple existing narrowband systems may interfere with UWB spectrum. The goal of the filters discussed in this project is to cancel or suppress the interference while not distort the desired signal. To investigate the interference, we develop a algorithm to calculate the interference tones. In this thesis, we assume the interference to be narrowband interference (NBI) modeled as sinusoidal tones with unknown amplitude, frequency and phase. If we known the interference tones then it may be removed using a simple notched filter. Herein, we chose an adaptive filter so that it can adjust the interference tone automatically and cancel. In this thesis I tested adaptive filter technique to cancel interference cancellation (ie) LMS algorithm and Adaptive Noise Cancellation (ANC) technique. In this thesis performance of the both filters are compared.

A successive interference cancellation (SIC) structure is proposed for multiuser interference cancellation (MUI) due to carrier frequency offsets (CFOs) in the uplink of orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems. The proposed architecture adopts a circular convolution to suppress the impacts caused by CFOs. This paper demonstrates that, with 2 iterations, the SIC has better performance than that of the parallel interference cancellation (PIC), but system complexity is only 1/2K, where K is the number of users in the uplink of OFDMA system. This study also shows that system complexity can be significantly reduced if proper approximation is made.

Bandwidth efficiency is a critical concern in wireless communications. To fully utilize the available bandwidth, the superimposed training (ST) scheme is adopted in this thesis for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems without using the cyclic prefix (CP) and the guard interval (GI). It is shown that the performance of the channel estimation using the ST scheme is the same for both the proposed architecture, denoted as OFDM-ST, and the conventional OFDM system with CP, denoted as CP-OFDM-ST. In addition, since the CP is not added in the proposed system, leading to substantial increase in both the inter-symbol interference (ISI) and the inter-carrier interference (ICI), an interference cancellation scheme is derived. To further improve the performance of channel estimation using ST scheme, the joint ML data detection and channel estimation method is investigated. The simulation results illustrate that the proposed algorithm enhances the systems performance significantly. Finally, it is demonstrated that the proposed structure has a much better effective data rate than the CP-OFDM-ST system.

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In this thesis, I conduct the hardware prototyping of a two-way relay system using the National Instruments FlexRIO hardware platform. First of all, I develop several practical mechanisms to solve the critical synchronization issues of the systems, including Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) frame synchronization at the receiver, source to source node synchronization, and handshaking between the sources and relay nodes. Those synchronization methods control the behavior of the two source nodes and the relay node, which play critical roles in the two-way relay systems. Secondly, I develop a pilot-based channel estimation scheme and validate it by showing the successful self-interference cancellation for the two-way relay systems. In particular, I experiment the self-interference cancellation technique by using several channel estimation schemes to estimate both source to relay channels and relay to source channels. Moreover, I implement the physical layer of a 5 MHz OFDM scheme for the two-way relay system. Both the transmitter and receiver are designed to mimic the Long Term Evolution (LTE) downlink scenario. The physical layer of the transmitter has been implemented in Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) and executed on the hardware board, which provides high throughput and fundamental building blocks for the two-way relay system. The physical layer of receiver is implemented in the real-time controller, which provides the ?exibility to rapidly recon?gure the system. Finally, I demonstrate that the 5MHz OFDM based two-way relay system can achieve reliable communications, when the channel estimation and system synchronization can be correctly executed.