Research efforts have shown that capacity in a DS/CDMA cellular system can be increased through the use of digital signal processing techniques that exploit the nature of the multiple access interference (MAI). By jointly demodulating the users in the system, this interference can be characterized and reduced thus decreasing the overall probability of error in the system. Numerous multiuser structures exist, each with varying degrees of complexity and performance. However, the size and complexity of these structures is large relative to a conventional receiver. This effort demonstrates a practical approach to implementing parallel interference cancellation applied to DBPSK DS/CDMA on an FPGA-based configurable computing platform. The system presented acquires, tracks, cancels, and demodulates four users independently and performs various levels of interference cancellation. The performance gain of the receiver in a four-user environment under various levels of noise and cancellation are presented. / Master of Science

Multicarrier (MC) Modulation attracts a lot of attention for high speed wireless transmissions because of its capability to cope with frequency selective fading channels turning the wideband transmission link into several narrowband subchannels whose equalization, in some situations, can be performed independently and in a simple manner. Nowadays, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with the cyclic prefix (CP) insertion is the most widespread modulation among all MC modulations, and this thanks to its simplicity and its robustness against multipath fading using the cyclic prefix. Systems or standards such as ADSL or IEEE802.11a have already implemented the CP-OFDM modulation. Other standards like IEEE802.11n combine CP-OFDM and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) in order to increase the bit rate and to provide a better use of the channel spatial diversity. Nevertheless, CP-OFDM technique causes a loss of spectral efficiency due to the CP as it contains redundant information. Moreover, the rectangular prototype filter used in CP-OFDM has a poor frequency localization. This poor frequency localization makes it difficult for CP-OFDM systems to respect stringent specifications of spectrum masks.To overcome these drawbacks, filter-bank multicarrier (FBMC) was proposed as an alternative approach to CP-OFDM. Indeed, FBMC does not need any CP, and it furthermore offers the possibility to use different time-frequency well-localized prototype filters which allow much better control of the out-of-band emission. In the literature we find several FBMC systems based on different structures. In this thesis, we focus on the Saltzberg's scheme called OFDM/OQAM (or FBMC/OQAM). The orthogonality constraint for FBMC/OQAM is relaxed being limited only to the real field while for OFDM it has to be satisfied in the complex field. Consequently, one of the characteristics of FBMC/OQAM is that the demodulated transmitted symbols are accompanied by interference terms caused by the neighboring transmitted data in time-frequency domain. The presence of this interference is an issue for some MIMO schemes and until today their combination with FBMC remains an open problem.The aim of this thesis is to study the combination between FBMC and MIMO techniques, namely spatial multiplexing with ML detection. In the first part, we propose to analyze different intersymbol interference (ISI) cancellation techniques that we adapt to the FBMC/OQAM with MIMO context. We show that, in some cases, we can cope with the presence of the inherent FBMC interference and overcome the difficulties of performing ML detection in spatial multiplexing with FBMC/OQAM. After that, we propose a modification in the conventional FBMC/OQAM modulation by transmitting complex QAM symbols instead of OQAM ones. This proposal allows to reduce considerably the inherent interference but at the expense of the orthogonality condition. Indeed, in the proposed FBMC/QAM,the data symbol and the inherent interference term are both complex. Finally, we introduce a novel FBMC scheme and a transmission strategy in order to avoid the inherent interference terms. This proposed scheme (that we call FFT-FBMC) transforms the FBMC system into an equivalent system formulated as OFDM regardless of some residual interference. Thus, any OFDM transmission technique can be performed straightforwardly to the proposed FBMC scheme with a corresponding complexity growth. We develop the FFT-FBMC in the case of single-input single-output (SISO) configuration. Then, we extend its application to SM-MIMO configuration with ML detection and Alamouti coding scheme.

Evolution of wireless services enabled the development of the advanced applications and shifted the paradigms of research in this field from voice to data centric. Such services are spreading like wildfire between users and hence, increasing the demand for large bandwidth. However, the frequency spectrum that is suitable for wireless mobile communications is already assigned to particular services from 400 MHz to several GHz. Also, allocating a large chunk of band continuously from the same part of the spectrum may not be possible due to spectral crowd. Therefore, meeting the demand for high data rate requiring wireless services within the accessible spectrum range becomes a challenging problem. The spectrum allocation policies are discussed by regulatory authorities and academia, and the idea of spectrum sharing systems are addressed as a solution. For instance, heterogeneous networks (HetNets) increase the number of available resources and improve the spectrum accessing capabilities of the wireless communication systems. To achieve this, HetNet nodes are deployed within the coverage of the macrocell regions. Thus, spectral efficiency is boosted via spatial reuse of the same spectral resources. On the contrary, HetNets preclude to fully exploit the resources because of serious interference problems between macrocell and HetNet nodes. Thus, wireless networks of the future will observe interference from even a larger number of sources. Due to co-channel HetNet deployment and denser frequency reuse, interference cancellation is expected to have significant importance for future wireless communication systems. The occupied resources can also be reused as a solution by conducting advanced signal processing algorithms at the receiver to increase the spectral efficiency. While doing so, the proposed approaches are expected to be easily integrated with the existing complementary approaches to improve the capacity further. Besides, new deployment strategies that allow spectrum access for non-licensed users to achieve larger bandwidth become important to increase the spectral efficiency of the HetNets. Within the scope of the dissertation, new solutions are developed for the aforementioned problems of the next-generation wireless communication systems. First, an interference cancellation receiver that exploits the unique characteristics of current waveforms is developed in Chapter 2. Also the unknown model of interference is converted to a known model and new algorithms are proposed to recover the desired signal. Then, another perspective is brought into the subject by transforming the interference problem to an interference advantage in Chapter 3. The idea of co-existence of different types of signals are analyzed to bring another degree of freedom as a solution. The proposed approaches are integrated to the existing complementary approaches, such as interference coordination and power control, to improve the capacity further. Finally, a cooperation mechanism is suggested to facilitate the transmission of signal which has a large bandwidth by integrating the idle bands in Chapter 4. By this way, geo-spatially idle bands within the coverage area are utilized and spectral efficiency is increased.

In this thesis, we present a space-time coded system which achieves high through- put and good performance with low processing delay using low-complexity detection and decoding. Initially, Hamming codes are used in a simple interleaved bit-mapped coded modulation structure (BMCM). This is concatenated with Alamouti's or- thogonal space-time block codes. The good performance achieved by this system indicates that higher throughput is possible while maintaining performance. An analytical bound for the performance of this system is presented. We also develop a class of low density parity check codes which allows flexible "throughput versus performance" tradeoffs. We then focus on a Rate 2 quasi-orthogonal space-time block code structure which enables us to achieve an overall throughput of 5.6 bits/symbol period with good performance and relatively simple decoding using iterative parallel interference cancellation. We show that this can be achieved through the use of a bit-mapped coded modulation structure using parallel short low density parity check codes. The absence of interleavers here reduces processing delay significantly. The proposed system is shown to perform well on flat Rayleigh fading channels with a wide range of normalized fade rates, and to be robust to channel estimation errors. A comparison with bit-interleaved coded modulation is also provided (BICM).

Au cours des vingt dernières années, le débit croissant des communications radiofréquences a imposé la mise en œuvre de techniques d'égalisation de plus en plus complexes. Pour résoudre ce problème, les modulations multi-porteuses ont été massivement employées dans les standards de communications à très haut débit. Un exemple caractéristique de la démocratisation de ces formes d'ondes est l'utilisation de l'OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) sur le lien descendant des réseaux 4G. Toutefois, pour les futurs réseaux 5G, l'émergence prévue des communications M2M (Machine-to-Machine) impose aux formes d'ondes une grande tolérance aux asynchronismes au sein de ces réseaux et ne permet pas l'emploi de l'OFDM qui nécessite une synchronisation stricte en temps et en fréquence. Egalement, l'utilisation efficace du spectre par les techniques de la radio cognitive est incompatible avec l'OFDM en raison de la mauvaise localisation en fréquence de cette forme d'onde.Dans ce contexte, la forme d'onde FBMC-OQAM (Filter Bank Multi-Carrier - Offset Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) est apparue comme une solution potentielle à ces problèmes. Toutefois, l'égalisation des signaux FBMC-OQAM en canal sélectif en fréquence et/ou canal MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) est rendue difficile par la subsistance d'interférences entre les sous-porteuses du schéma FBMC-OQAM. Cette thèse étudie donc l'égalisation de ces liaisons. L'étude de récepteurs WL (Widely Linear) qui permettent la suppression d'interférences, sans diversité d'antenne en réception, au sein des réseaux utilisant des signaux noncirculaires au second ordre (e.g. signaux ASK, GMSK, OQAM) est privilégiée. Cette technique nommée SAIC (Single Antenna Interference Cancellation) et utilisée dans les réseaux GSM pour la suppression d'interférences co-canal est envisagée pour une extension à la suppression des interférences entre porteuses des formes d'ondes FBMC-OQAM. La technologie SAIC, qui a été étendue pour plusieurs antennes en réception (MAIC - Multiple Antenna Interference Cancellation) a l'avantage de sa faible complexité et ne génère pas de propagation d'erreur à faible SNR contrairement aux solutions de suppression successive d'interférences. Une approche progressive est adoptée, depuis l'élaboration du SAIC pour la suppression d'interférences co-canal où nous démontrons l'importance de considérer le caractère cyclostationnaire des signaux OQAM. Basée sur cette constatation, une nouvelle structure de réception utilisant un filtre WL-FRESH (FREquency-SHift) est proposée et ses meilleures performances comparé au récepteur WL standard sont présentées analytiquement et par simulations numériques. L'extension du SAIC pour la suppression d'une interférence décalée en fréquence est ensuite menée et différentes structures de réception sont proposées et analysées en détail. L'aptitude des traitements SAIC utilisant des filtres WL-FRESH à supprimer 2 interférences décalées en fréquence est présentée. Dans le contexte des signaux FBMC-OQAM qui utilisent généralement le filtre de mise en forme PHYDYAS, chaque sous-porteuse est polluée par ses deux sous-porteuses adjacentes. Cependant, pour évaluer les traitements SAIC sans devoir prendre en compte la contribution des sous-porteuses voisines à ces sous-porteuses adjacentes, un filtre doit précéder le traitement de réception. Pour cette raison, l'analyse de l'impact d'un filtre de réception sur les performances des traitements SAIC proposés est effectuée et les conditions sur la bande passante du filtre nécessaires pour justifier l'intérêt d'un traitement SAIC par filtrage WL sont présentées. Dans un dernier temps, une approche alternative d'égalisation des signaux FBMC-OQAM est présentée. Elle consiste à démoduler conjointement les sous-porteuses interférentes après filtrage. Cette technique est abordée dans le contexte de liaisons MIMO Alamouti FBMC-OQAM. / During the last two decades, the increase of wireless communications throughput has necessitated more and more complex equalization techniques. To solve this issue, multicarrier modulations have been massively adopted in high data rates wireless communications standards. A typical example of the wide use of these waveforms is the adoption of OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) for the downlink of 4G mobile networks. However, for next-generation 5G networks, the expected increase of M2M (Machine-to-Machine) communications forbids the use of OFDM because of the tight time and frequency synchronization constraints imposed by this waveform. Additionally, efficient spectrum occupation through cognitive radio strategies are incompatible with the poor spectral localization of OFDM. In this context, FBMC-OQAM (Filter Bank Multi-Carrier - Offset Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) waveforms appeared as a potential solution to these issues. However, equalization of FBMC-OQAM in frequency selective channels and/or MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) channels is not straightforward because of residual intrinsic interferences between FBMC-OQAM subcarriers. Thus, this thesis considers equalization techniques for these links. In particular, the study of WL (Widely Linear) receivers allowing the mitigation of interferences, with only a single antenna, among networks using second-order noncircular waveforms (e.g. ASK, GMSK, OQAM signals) is privileged. This work studied this technique, named SAIC (Single Antenna Interference Cancellation) and applied for the suppression of co-channel interferences in GSM networks in order to adapt it for the cancellation of FBMC-OQAM intercarrier interferences. SAIC, which was further extended to multiple receive antennas (MAIC - Multiple Antenna Interference Cancellation) benefits from its low complexity and does not generate error propagation at low SNR contrary to successive interference cancellation based solutions. A progressive approach is adopted, from SAIC/MAIC for the suppression of co-channel interferences where we emphasize the importance of considering the cyclostationary nature of OQAM communication signals. Based on this, the proposal of a new WL-FRESH (FREquency-SHift) filter based receiver for OQAM-like signals is made and its performance is characterized analytically and by numerical simulations asserting its superior performance with respect to the standard WL receiver. The extension of SAIC/MAIC for the mitigation of a frequency-shifted interference is then considered and reception structures are proposed and analyzed in detail. The ability of WL-FRESH filter based SAIC receivers to perform the suppression of multiple frequency-shifted interferences is assessed. In the context of FBMC-OQAM signals which frequently utilize the PHYDYAS pulse-shaping prototype filter, each subcarrier is polluted only by its adjacent subcarriers. However, to evaluate SAIC processing without having to consider neighboring subcarriers of the adjacent ones, a filtering operation prior to the SAIC processing is needed. For this reason, the impact of a reception filter on the performance gain provided by the SAIC processing was conducted and conditions on the filter bandwidth have been established which governs the potential performance gain of a WL filter based processing for SAIC of frequency-shifted interferences.In a last step, an alternative equalization approach for FBMC-OQAM is investigated. This proposed technique consists in the per-subcarrier joint demodulation of the subcarrier of interest and its interfering adjacent ones after a filtering step. This proposal is considered in the context of MIMO Alamouti FBMC-OQAM links.

No description available.

Les communications sans fils sont devenues un outil fondamental pour les sociétés modernes. Les réseaux cellulaires sont le moyen préféré pour l’accès à Internet. L’augmentation de la capacité du réseau est étroitement liée au problème des interférences. Les réseaux coopératifs ont été largement étudiés dans les années récentes. Cette thèse porte sur deux techniques de coopération dans la voie descendante :La première partie étudie les effets de quantification et délais sur les informations de retour nécessaires pour la mise en opération des différentes techniques d’émission coordonnée, connues sous le nom de CoMP (Coordinated Multipoint Transmission). Cette technique qui promet des augmentations importantes sur la capacité du réseau en conditions idéales, or ses vrais résultats sous le feedback limité doivent être encore décrits de manière analytique. En particulier, pour les modes d’émission connus comme JT (Joint Transmission) et CBF (Coordinated Beamforming), des expressions analytiques ont été déduites pour calculer la capacité du réseau et la probabilité de succès de transmission.Finalement une nouvelle technique de coopération de réseau pour les récepteurs avancés du type SIC (Successive Interference Cancellation) est présentée. La condition mathématique qui garantit des gains de capacité grâce à l’utilisation des récepteurs SIC est obtenue. Pour en profiter, une méthode de coopération est nécessaire pour assurer une adaptation de lien adéquate pour que l’interférence soit décodable et le débit somme soit supérieur à celui atteint avec des récepteurs traditionnels. Cette technique montre des gains importants de capacité pour des utilisateurs en bordure de cellule. / Wireless communications have become a fundamental feature of any modern society. In particular, cellular networks are essential for societal welfare but the increasing demand for data traffic set enormous scientific challenges. Increasing the network capacity is closely related to the problem of interference mitigation. In this regard, network cooperation has been studied in recent years and several different techniques have been proposed. In the first part, different transmission techniques commonly referred to as Coordinated Multi-Point Transmission (CoMP), are studied under the effect of feedback quantization and delay, unequal pathloss and other-cell interference (OCI). An analytical framework is provided, which yields closed-form expressions to calculate the ergodic throughput and outage probabilities of Coordinated Beamforming (CBF) and Joint Transmission (JT). The results indicate the optimal configuration for a system using CoMP and provide guidelines and answers to key questions, such as how many transmitters to coordinate, how many antennas to use, how many users to serve, which SNR regime is more convenient, whether to apply CBF or prefer a more complex JT, etc. Second, a new coordination technique at the receiver side is proposed to obtain sum-rate gains by means of Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC). The conditions that guarantee network capacity gains by means of SIC at the receiver are provided. To take advantage of these conditions, network coordination is needed to adapt the rates to be properly decoded at the different users involved. This technique is named Cooperative SIC and is shown to provide significant throughput gains for cell-edge users.

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is the major technique for next generation wireless communication system because of its high spectral efficiency. In addition, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technique is usually used to further increase system capacity. There are two major coding schemes adopted in MIMO-OFDM systems, i.e. space-time block code (STBC) and space-frequency block code (SFBC). This thesis investigates the orthogonal-space-frequency block code OFDM (OSFBC-OFDM) system. In SFBC-OFDM systems, the channel frequency response is usually assumed to be the same for adjacent subcarriers. However, this assumption is not valid in frequency-selective fading environment. Therefore, the orthogonality of code structure is destroyed, leading to substantial increase in interference and significant decrease in system performance. This thesis proposes a receiver equalizer which adopts an interference cancellation (IC) mechanism to maximize the signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR). Both the Lagrange multiplier method and eigenvalue method are adopted in the interference cancellation. Simulation experiments are conducted to verify the system performance and results demonstrate that the SINR performance is dramatically improved.

The cyclic prefix (CP) is usually adopted in single carrier frequency domain equalization (SC-FDE) system to avoid inter-block interference (IBI) and inter-symbol interference (ISI) in multipath fading channels. In addition, the use of CP also converts the linear convolution between the transmitted signal and the channel into a circular convolution, leading to significant decrease in receiver equalization. However, the use of CP reduces the bandwidth efficiency. Therefore the SC-FDE system without CP is investigated in this thesis. A number of schemes have been proposed to improve the performance of systems without CP, where both IBI and ICI are dramatically increased. Unfortunately, most of the existing schemes have extremely high computational complexity and are difficult to realize. In this thesis, a novel low-complexity CP reconstruction (CPR) scheme is proposed for interference cancellation, where the successive interference cancellation (SIC) and QR decomposition (QRD) are adopted. In addition, the system performance is further improved by using the fact that the interferences of different symbols are not the same. Simulation experiments are conducted to verify the system performance of the proposed scheme. It is shown that the proposed scheme can effectively reduce the interference, while maintain a low computational complexity.

Grâce à leur capacité de faire face à la sélectivité fréquentielle des canaux de transmission, les modulations multi-porteuses (MC) attirent de plus en plus d’attention. De nos jours, la modulation OFDM avec le préfixe cyclique (CP) est la plus utilisée, et cela grâce à sa simplicité et à sa robustesse. Cependant, la technique CP-OFDM présente une perte dans l’efficacité spectrale à cause de l’introduction du CP puisqu’il contient des informations redondantes. De plus, la réponse rectangulaire du filtre de mise en forme utilisé en OFDM a une mauvaise localisation fréquentielle. Afin de surmonter ces inconvénients, la modulation multi-porteuse à base des bancs de filtres (FBMC) a été proposée en tant qu’une approche alternative à la modulation OFDM. En effet, on n’a pas besoin d’insérer un intervalle de garde, tel que le CP, dans la modulation FBMC. D’autre part, la bonne localisation fréquentielle de la réponse du filtre de mise en forme permet un meilleur contrôle de la radiation hors-bande du système. Dans la littérature, on trouve plusieurs types de la modulations FBMC basés sur différentes structures. Dans cette thèse, nous ne nous intéressons que sur le schéma de Saltzberg appelé OFDM/OQAM ou FBMC/OQAM. Dans ce schéma, les symboles envoyés sur chaque sous-porteuse sont tirés d’une constellation PAM réelle, et les symboles réels sont envoyés à une cadence de 2/T . La condition d’orthogonalité est réduite sur l’ensemble des réels uniquement. En conséquence, le symbole démodulé et égalisé est infecté par un terme d’interférence purement imaginaire. Ce terme d’interférence est une combinaison linaire des symboles transmis dans le voisinage du symbole concerné. La présence de cette interférence inhérente cause des difficultés de détection dans certains schéma multi-antennes (MIMO).L’objectif de cette thèse est d’étudier l’association de la modulation FBMC aux techniques MIMO, à savoir le multiplexage spatiale avec détection de maximum de vraisemblance (ML). Dans un premier temps, nous proposons d’analyser différentes techniques d’annulation d’interférence que nous adaptons au contexte de MIMO-FBMC. Nous montrons que, dans certains cas, nous pouvons bien retirer l’interférence et appliquer la détection ML. Ensuite, nous proposons d’apporter une légère modification dans la modulation FBMC en transmettant des symbole QAM complexes. Évidement, cela brise la condition d’orthogonalité mais nous montrons qu’ainsi la puissance d’interférence sera considérablement réduite. Enfin, nous introduisons un nouveau schéma basé sur la modulation FBMC. Ce schéma, que nous avons baptisé FFT-FBMC, transforme le modèle du système à un modèle équivalent à celui de l’OFDM. Ainsi, n’importe quelle technique multi-antennes pourra être appliquée sans aucune difficulté. D’abord, nous développons le système FFT-FBMC dans un contexte SISO, et puis nous évaluons ces performances dans le contexte MIMO. / Multicarrier (MC) Modulation attracts a lot of attention for high speed wireless transmissions because of its capability to cope with frequency selective fading channels turning the wideband transmission link into several narrowband subchannels whose equalization, in some situations, can be performed independently and in a simple manner. Nowadays, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with the cyclic prefix (CP) insertion is the most widespread modulation among all MC modulations, and this thanks to its simplicity and its robustness against multipath fading using the cyclic prefix. Systems or standards such as ADSL or IEEE802.11a have already implemented the CP-OFDM modulation. Other standards like IEEE802.11n combine CP-OFDM and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) in order to increase the bit rate and to provide a better use of the channel spatial diversity. Nevertheless, CP-OFDM technique causes a loss of spectral efficiency due to the CP as it contains redundant information. Moreover, the rectangular prototype filter used in CP-OFDM has a poor frequency localization. This poor frequency localization makes it difficult for CP-OFDM systems to respect stringent specifications of spectrum masks.To overcome these drawbacks, filter-bank multicarrier (FBMC) was proposed as an alternative approach to CP-OFDM. Indeed, FBMC does not need any CP, and it furthermore offers the possibility to use different time-frequency well-localized prototype filters which allow much better control of the out-of-band emission. In the literature we find several FBMC systems based on different structures. In this thesis, we focus on the Saltzberg’s scheme called OFDM/OQAM (or FBMC/OQAM). The orthogonality constraint for FBMC/OQAM is relaxed being limited only to the real field while for OFDM it has to be satisfied in the complex field. Consequently, one of the characteristics of FBMC/OQAM is that the demodulated transmitted symbols are accompanied by interference terms caused by the neighboring transmitted data in time-frequency domain. The presence of this interference is an issue for some MIMO schemes and until today their combination with FBMC remains an open problem.The aim of this thesis is to study the combination between FBMC and MIMO techniques, namely spatial multiplexing with ML detection. In the first part, we propose to analyze different intersymbol interference (ISI) cancellation techniques that we adapt to the FBMC/OQAM with MIMO context. We show that, in some cases, we can cope with the presence of the inherent FBMC interference and overcome the difficulties of performing ML detection in spatial multiplexing with FBMC/OQAM. After that, we propose a modification in the conventional FBMC/OQAM modulation by transmitting complex QAM symbols instead of OQAM ones. This proposal allows to reduce considerably the inherent interference but at the expense of the orthogonality condition. Indeed, in the proposed FBMC/QAM,the data symbol and the inherent interference term are both complex. Finally, we introduce a novel FBMC scheme and a transmission strategy in order to avoid the inherent interference terms. This proposed scheme (that we call FFT-FBMC) transforms the FBMC system into an equivalent system formulated as OFDM regardless of some residual interference. Thus, any OFDM transmission technique can be performed straightforwardly to the proposed FBMC scheme with a corresponding complexity growth. We develop the FFT-FBMC in the case of single-input single-output (SISO) configuration. Then, we extend its application to SM-MIMO configuration with ML detection and Alamouti coding scheme.