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Interferon-gamma and the regulation of neuroinflammationMillward, Jason Michael, 1976- January 2008 (has links)
Inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS) is important in many human diseases, and is regulated by a multitude of factors, including the cytokine interferon-gamma (IFNgamma). The importance of IFNgamma is highlighted in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of CNS inflammation. Mice lacking IFNgamma show exaggerated disease, with a different pattern of chemokine expression than the wild-type. We administered IFNgamma to the CNS using intrathecal injection of a replication-defective adenoviral vector to ask about direct actions of IFNgamma on chemokine expression without the confounding factors present during CNS inflammation. AdIFNgamma induced expression of CXCL10 and CCL5, two chemokines strikingly absent in Ifng-/- EAE. Chemokine expression was not associated with inflammation, though when an infectious stimulus was administered, an influx of immune cells to the CNS was seen. Using AdIFNgamma to restore IFNgamma to Ifng-/- mice with EAE had a disease-limiting effect. We used vectors encoding CXCL10 or CCL5, to replace these chemokines which are absent during Ifng-/- EAE, attempting to modulate the disease into a form resembling that of the wild-type. AdCCL5 treatment showed a mild reduction in EAE severity in the Ifng-/-, though AdCXCL10 treatment had no effect. A principal inducer of IFNgamma is interleukin-18 (IL 18), and IFNgamma induces IL18-binding protein (IL18bp) which inhibits IL18, establishing a negative feedback loop. We found that ILl8bp expression is upregulated in wild-type mice with EAE, but not in the Ifng-/-, suggesting that the exaggerated disease of the Ifng -/- may be due in part to unrestrained actions of ILI8. Treatment with a vector encoding IL18bp (AdIL18bp) significantly inhibited EAE, without restricting immune cell entry to the CNS. Cytokine expression was shifted away from a pattern favouring Th17 development. AdIL18bp treatment inhibited EAE in Ifng-/- mice, indicating that IFNgamma was not required for this activity. We used a vector encoding M3, a chemokine-binding protein derived from MHV-68, to reduce EAE severity, showing the first use of a viral chemokine-binding protein in EAE.
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The role of oxidants in the clearance of apoptotic cells /McPhillips, Kathleen Ann. January 2006 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D. in Cancer Biology) -- University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, 2006. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 112-124). Free to UCDHSC affiliates. Online version available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations;
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Dissection of immunity controlling spread and growth of Listeria monocytogenes in neuronal cells /Jin, Yuxuan, January 2003 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol inst., 2003. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.
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Parasite signalling and host responses in experimental and human African trypanosomiasis /Hamadien, Maha, January 2002 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2002. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.
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Interferons in immunity to chlamydia pneumoniae/Rothfuchs, Antonio Carlos Gigliotti (Tony), January 2004 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol inst., 2004. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.
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Candidate gene analyses and genome-wide screens in multiple sclerosis /Giedraitis, Vilmantas, January 2002 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2002. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.
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Cytokine-modulated dendritic cell immunotherapy in autoimmune diseases /Adikari, Sanjaya Bandara, January 2005 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2005. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.
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Th1, Th2 and Treg associated factors in relation to allergy /Janefjord, Camilla, January 2006 (has links) (PDF)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Linköping : Linköpings universitet, 2006. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.
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Avaliação da citotoxicidade de materiais obturadores de canais radiculares : influência na liberação de fator de necrose tumoral alfa, interferon-y e óxido nítrico em cultura de células murinas /Rivas Gutiérrez, José Carlos. January 2006 (has links)
Orientador: Iracilda Zeppone Carlos / Banca: Idomeo Bonetti Filho / Banca: Fábio Luiz Camargo Villela Berbert / Banca: Ivaldo Gomes de Moraes / Banca: Abílio Albuquerque Maranhão de Moura / Resumo: Os macrófagos constituem uma população celular do sistema imune. Estas células podem ser ativadas por uma variedade de estímulos e suas principais funções incluem a fagocitose de partículas estranhas, apresentação de antígenos, produção de citocinas e compostos intermediários do nitrogênio (NO) e do oxigênio (H202). Os cimentos endodônticos são capazes de promover uma estimulação do sistema imune. Neste estudo, foram analisados os níveis de quantificação das citocinas, além do mediador óxido nítrico, como uma medida de estimulação de macrófagos peritoneais de camundongos. Através de análise estatística dos dados, foram observados os níveis de citotoxicidade dos macrófagos de camundongos estimulados pelos diferentes cimentos endodônticos, meio RPMI-1640 (grupo controle -) e LPS (grupo controle +). Os diferentes cimentos testados apresentaram concentrações com diferentes citotoxicidades: Sealapex 35ug/ml, Polímero de Mamona 8,75 ug/ml, do Epiphany 17,5 ug/ml, do Epiphany + Primer 17,5 ug/ml, do Primer 35 ug/ml, do EndoRez 17,5 ug/ml e do AH Plus 70 ug/ml. Após a adequação das concentrações viáveis dos cimentos testados conclui-se que o material que mais estimulou a liberação de NO foi Primer, seguido do Endorez, AH Plus, Ephiphany, Sealapex, Epiphany + Primer. O Polímero de Mamona foi o que estimulou a uma menor produção de NO. Em relação à produção de TNF-alfa o material que estimulou maior produção foi o Primer, seguido de Epiphany, AH Plus, Epiphany + Primer, Sealapex e Polímero de Mamona. O EndoRez não foi capaz de estimular a produção de TNF-alfa. Nenhum dos cimentos testados induziu à liberação de IFN-y, sugerindo que outro mediadores tais como IL-1 e IL-12 possam estar envolvidos na liberação de NO observada no presente estudo. / Abstract: It was evaluated the citotoxicity of the sealers, Sealapex, Polímero de Mamona, Epiphany, EndoRez and AH Plus in relation to the release of Nitric Oxide, Tumor Necrotic Factor-Alpha and Interferon Gamma in murine cells culture. After the ideal concentration was found, according to MTT test, it was conduded that the sealers with higher release were Polímero de Mamona, EndoRez, Epiphany + Primer, Epiphany, Primer do Epiphany = Sealapex and AH Plus. All sealers reached lower levels of citotoxicity than control. / Doutor
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ProduÃÃo de ifn-y em pacientes com hansenÃase e em seus contactantes numa amostra populacional do MunicÃpio de Sobral - Cearà / IFN-y production in patients with leprosy and in yours households in the populacional sample of the Sobral city- Ceara.Luciano Augusto Oliveira de Jesus 26 October 2007 (has links)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / A hansenÃase, cujo agente etiolÃgico à o Mycobacterium leprae, à doenÃa de amplo espectro clÃnico e imunopatolÃgico. Suas apresentaÃÃes clÃnicas estÃo correlacionadas com padrÃes imunolÃgicos distintos, variando de uma vigorosa resposta imune mediada por cÃlulas ao M. leprae, com padrÃo tipo 1 no polo tuberculÃide, a uma ausÃncia de resposta celular especÃfica aos antÃgenos do M. leprae no pÃlo lepromatoso, com predomÃnio de resposta tipo 2 e exacerbaÃÃo da resposta humoral. A capacidade do antÃgeno bruto de M. leprae em estimular cÃlulas mononucleares do sangue perifÃrico (PBMC) na produÃÃo de IFN-y foi avaliada em pacientes com hansenÃase e em seus contactantes, do municÃpio de Sobral-CE. Um total de 30 casos foi estudado, antes de receberem tratamento poliquimiterÃpico. O grupo de casos paucibacilares foi constituÃdo por oito com a forma indeterminada, dez com a forma tuberculÃide, dois com a forma dimorfo tuberculÃide; e o grupo multibacilar foi constituÃdo por dez com a forma virchoviana e dois com a forma dimorfa virchoviana. O grupo de contactantes foi constituÃdo por sessenta indivÃduos, sendo 1 consangÃÃneo e 1 nÃo consangÃÃneo para cada caso Ãndice. O antÃgeno bruto de M. leprae estimulou a produÃÃo de IFN-y nas PBMC de sete casos dimorfo tuberculÃide/tuberculÃide (DT/TT), trÃs com a forma indeterminada e dois com a forma dimorfa virchoviana/virchoviana (DV/VV). O grupo DT/TT produziu nÃveis de IFN-y significantemente maiores que o grupo DV/VV (Teste de Fisher, p=0,027). A produÃÃo de IFN-y nos contactantes foi observada em 34 indivÃduos, 21 consangÃÃneos e 13 nÃo consangÃÃneos. NÃo foi observada diferenÃa significativa entre os contactantes do grupo paucibacilar (forma indeterminada, DT/TT) e multibacilares (DV/VV). PorÃm, foi observada diferenÃa significativa na produÃÃo desta citocina entre contactantes e casos DV/VV. O estudo sugere que nÃo hà diferenÃa significativa na produÃÃo de IFN-y entre indivÃduos contactantes consangÃÃneos e nÃo consangÃÃneos, dos casos paucibacilares e multibacilares. AlÃm disso, ao correlacionarmos a produÃÃo desta citocina nos indivÃduos com a presenÃa de cicatriz, tambÃm nÃo observamos diferenÃa significativa / Leprosy, which is caused by Mycobacterium leprae, is an illness of ample clinical and immunopathological spectrum. Its clinical manifestations are correlated with distinct immunologic form, varying from a vigorous immune response mediated by cells to M. leprae, with type 1 standard in the tuberculÃide polar region, to an absence of specific cellular response to antigens of M. leprae in the lepromatous polar region, with predominance of type 2 response and exacerbations of humoral response. The capacity of whole M. leprae antigen to stimulate peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) in the IFN-y production was measured in leprosy patients and their householdâs contacts, in the city of Sobral, state of CearÃ. A total of 30 leprosy patients were used for the study, before start chemotherapy. The paucibacilary leprosy patient group consisted of eight polar indeterminate, ten polar tuberculÃide, two borderline tuberculÃide, and the multibacilary leprosy patient group consisted of ten lepromatous leprosy and two borderline lepromatous leprosy. The household contacts group consisted of sixty healthy individuals, consanguineous and non consanguineous. The whole M. leprae antigen stimulated IFN-y production in the PBMC of seven borderline tuberculÃide/tuberculÃide (DT/TT), three indeterminate form, two borderline lepromatous/lepromatous (DV/VV the DT/TT group produced IFN-y levels significantly higher than DV/VV group (Fisher Test, p=0,027).
The IFN-y production in the household contacts was observed in 34, 21 consanguineous and 13 non consanguineous. It wasnât observed significant difference between paucibacilary householdâs contacts (DT/TT, indeterminate form) and multibacilary householdâs contacts groups in the IFN-y production to whole M. leprae antigen. However, it was observed significant difference in the production of these cytokine between household contacts and DV/VV patients. This study suggests that there wasnât significative difference in the production IFN-y between non consanguineous and consanguineous subjects of the paucibacilary and multibacilary cases. Moreover, at correlacionated the production in these cytokine in the subjects with the presence of scar, we didnât observed significative difference too
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