Teresa of Jesus: Interior Castle Kateřina Kutarňová Diploma thesis Abstract This thesis seeks to understand the most important text of Teresa of Jesus -'Interior Castle' which is considered one of the most important books of Spanish mysticism. This understanding should be achieved by using both theological and phenomenologico- hermenutical commentaries. The main topics of this thesis are religious and mystical experience, mystical transformation and intersubjectivity. Motivated by the possibility of gaining the understanding of the text as a whole, I firstly try to present the meaning of particular chapters. The Interior Castle leads from incorrect/false understanding (of one's self, reality and God) to the right or true one. This true understanding is made possible by reaching the mystical marriage between God and man based on full and conscious living of their mutual, intersubjective relationship. The reaching of mystical intersubjectivity provides the possibility of transgressing from knowing the reality as it appears to be to knowing the reality as it is. Keywords Teresa of Jesus; Teresa of Avila; Interior Castle; Christianity; Religious Experience; Mystical Experience; Mysticism; Mystical Transformation; Intersubjectivity; Frohlich Mary; Lonergan Bernard; Ahlgren Gillian; Steinbock Anthony

Submitted by Jailda Nascimento (jmnascimento@pucsp.br) on 2016-09-27T19:33:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Admilson Eustáquio Prates.pdf: 1506138 bytes, checksum: 8968db22fb2f3c53ee3d7d629376d949 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-27T19:33:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Admilson Eustáquio Prates.pdf: 1506138 bytes, checksum: 8968db22fb2f3c53ee3d7d629376d949 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-01 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The research focuses on a classic work of Spanish Christianity of the Sixteenth Century, whose purpose is to study the Material and Mystical Imagination: traces of the four natural elements present in the work Interior Castle of St. Teresa d'Ávila. The object of research is composed of two aspects, one material or general and other formal or specific. The material aspect is the work Interior Castle of St. Teresa of Jesus. The formal aspect of the object is to identify traces of the four symbolic natural elements present in the mystical narrative. For that, we turn to the theoretical Gaston Bachelard in order to identify the four natural elements in the work. The ways, methodological procedures, which intended to follow to the resolution of the problem of this research are theoretical. In the theoretical field, will be developed a literature search (presented the authors / researchers in justification and bibliography) that approximates the question of religiosity, spirituality and mystic with the question of culture. First, we will do an approximatively reading to familiarize with the text, from the lens of the four natural elements, that is, imagination material in Gaston Bachelard. Then we will perform the collection of the Castle Interior work passages that indicate the presence of the four natural elements, that is, the material imagination. Thus, will be held the book report of the work and explored the passages according to the prospect of symbolic hermeneutics based on Gaston Bachelard. The third, final step in this process, is to apply the interpretation methodology, that is, the symbolic hermeneutic. That way, we will use for this research the symbolic hermeneutics in the work Interior Castle, from studies about material imagination in Gaston Bachelard / A pesquisa focaliza uma obra clássica do Cristianismo espanhol do século XVI, cuja finalidade é estudar a Imaginação Material e Mística: traços dos quatro elementos naturais presentes na obra Castelo Interior de Santa Teresa d'Ávila. O objeto da pesquisa é composto por dois aspectos, um material ou geral e outro formal ou específico. O aspecto material é a obra Castelo Interior, de Santa Teresa de Jesus. O aspecto formal do objeto é identificar traços dos quatro elementos naturais simbólicos presentes na narrativa mística. Para tanto, recorreremos ao teórico Gaston Bachelard a fim de identificar os quatro elementos naturais na obra. Os caminhos, procedimentos metodológicos, que se pretendem seguir para a resolução do problema desta pesquisa são teóricos. No campo teórico, desenvolver-se-á uma pesquisa bibliográfica (apresentados os autores / pesquisadores na justificativa e na bibliografia) que aproxime a questão da religiosidade, espiritualidade e mística com a questão da cultura. Primeiro, faremos uma leitura aproximativa para familiarizar com o texto, a partir da lente dos quatro elementos naturais, ou seja, imaginação material em Gaston Bachelard. Em seguida, realizaremos a coleta dos trechos da obra Castelo Interior que indiquem a presença dos quatro elementos naturais, ou seja, a imaginação material. Dessa forma, será realizado o fichamento da obra e explorados os trechos conforme a perspectiva da hermenêutica simbólica baseada em Gaston Bachelard. O terceiro, último passo nesse processo, é aplicar a metodologia de interpretação, isto é, a hermenêutico simbólica. Dessa maneira, utilizaremos para essa pesquisa a hermenêutico simbólica na obra Castelo Interior a partir dos estudos sobre a imaginação material em Gaston Bachelard

This study sets out to determine whether Teresa of Ávila's spirituality, especially her treatise, The Interior Castle, can still provide an appropriate guide for the journey to God in the world of the 21st century. This remarkable book offers a particularly unique contribution to Christian literature. To accomplish this goal, a study of the nature of Christian Spirituality is undertaken, followed by a brief history of Christian spirituality. This provides a backdrop for an examination of the historical setting against which the Interior Castle was written. The study then explores the seven mansions of the Interior Castle to gain an understanding of the journey to God and examines some of the most important and recurring themes in the book. The stages and forms of prayer which are central to the Interior Castle are discussed and the mystical experiences of the 'dark night of the spirit' and union with God are analysed. Lastly, the findings are evaluated to ascertain whether Teresa's writings are still relevant in this contemporary era for those embarking upon the journey towards God. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / M. Th. (Christian Spirituality)

十六世紀西班牙神秘主義學家德蘭阿烏馬達‧賽伯達（Teresa de Ahumada y Cepeda）於1622年被封為聖女大德蘭（St. Teresa of Ávila）或稱耶穌的聖大德蘭（Saint Teresa of Jesus）。一生以事奉天主為畢生奮鬥目標，她從靜觀祈禱裡領晤天主的恩寵，是一位神秘體驗的神秘主義者。大德蘭用33年的時間專注於內心默想祈禱和與天主在靈性上的結合，進而改革加爾默羅會，開創了一個嶄新的、更默觀的生活方式，而遍佈天主教世界。《七寶樓台》是大德蘭在天主的臨在經驗下完成的著作，其著作沒有深奧抽象的思辨理論，而主要是對神祕體驗現象的直觀性與隱喻性描述。基於這種神祕體驗與靈性生活的倡導，大德蘭也因此常被視為基督宗教神秘主義者的代表人物之一。 本論文主要透過對於大德蘭的基督宗教神祕主義思想背景，以及《七寶樓台》解讀的理論基礎，基督宗教的靈修理論以及宗教詮釋的相關理論。對靈魂提升的過程和神學的語言進行深入的省思，探討德蘭思想的底層。這個討論工作，所運用的方法主要是根據呂格爾等詮釋學家對文本世界的詮釋理論，以發掘文本的深層涵義。本論文的主要目的，企圖導引出宗教神學世界長期以來的信仰、語言和理性的討論，並藉由當代幾位具有代表性的神學與宗教學家的學說，闡明大德蘭的思想風貌，以及神秘體驗的精神本質。並且將大德蘭開創的思想潮流與宗教現象，帶進我們現代文化視野的詮釋空間之中，呈顯此一經典文本《七寶樓台》的重要價值與跨時代性。 關鍵詞：大德蘭、七寶樓台、神祕主義、神祕體驗、靈修、宗教現象、詮釋學、呂格爾 / Sixteen century Spanish mystic- Teresa de Ahumada y Cepeda was canonized St. Teresa of Jesus by Gregory XV in 1622. She prayed for God in all her life and received His grace by contemplative prayer. She is also a practical mysticism. St. Teresa spent 33 years to pray for God, and concentrated on meditation piety to be with Him in spirit. By reforming Carmelo, the new meditative way of profound lives which created by her, gradually spread around the entire Catholic world. She wrote, Interior Castle, when God came to her in pray. The book is full of metaphor in book without any abstractive theories. Teresa became one of the representatives in Spanish mysticism due to her concentration on inner life and mystical experience. I will investigate the Christian Mysticism background of Teresa, the interpretation of Interior Castle, meditation piety of Christian, and related theories of religion hermeneutics such as Paul Ricoeur’s. By reflecting on the explanation of soul ascent and theological language, the thought of Teresa would be exposed. My purpose here is to introduce some significant arguments about faith, language and reason of Christianity by several theorists. I should focus on essentials of Teresa’s thought and mystical experience, the trend of spiritual movement and religion phenomenon initiated by Teresa. From a modern cultural perspective, the value and meaning of Interior Castle, should be reveal by this work. Key words: St. Teresa, Interior Castle, mysticism, mystical experience, meditation

This study sets out to determine whether Teresa of Ávila's spirituality, especially her treatise, The Interior Castle, can still provide an appropriate guide for the journey to God in the world of the 21st century. This remarkable book offers a particularly unique contribution to Christian literature. To accomplish this goal, a study of the nature of Christian Spirituality is undertaken, followed by a brief history of Christian spirituality. This provides a backdrop for an examination of the historical setting against which the Interior Castle was written. The study then explores the seven mansions of the Interior Castle to gain an understanding of the journey to God and examines some of the most important and recurring themes in the book. The stages and forms of prayer which are central to the Interior Castle are discussed and the mystical experiences of the 'dark night of the spirit' and union with God are analysed. Lastly, the findings are evaluated to ascertain whether Teresa's writings are still relevant in this contemporary era for those embarking upon the journey towards God. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / M. Th. (Christian Spirituality)

Religieuse, fondatrice, mystique, docteure de l’Église catholique, et auteur de textes autobiographiques, doctrinaux, épistolaires et poétiques, Sainte Thérèse d’Avila (1515-1582) est l’une des personnalités majeures de la littérature mystique du Siècle d’Or espagnol. Profondément observatrice de la nature humaine, elle a écrit avec une simplicité profonde sur la maladie mélancolique, un trouble des humeurs qui a vraiment affecté la société de cette époque attirant l’intérêt des médecins, philosophes et religieux. Ce mémoire examine à la lumière d’une perspective interdisciplinaire le traitement de la mélancolie dans la littérature thérésienne dans le cadre des idées exposées dans les textes Vida (1562-65), Las moradas (1577) et Fundaciones (1573-1582), appuyées de cas concrets décrits dans les lettres de Thérèse et le livre Procesos de beatificación y canonización de Santa Teresa de Jesús. La première partie expose un survol sur certains traits de la mélancolie conçus dans la pensée occidentale antique et médiévale ainsi que ses influences reformulées par la société espagnole des XVIe et XVIIe siècles. Ensuite, il est proposé un dialogue entre Thérèse et le discours de plusieurs textes médicaux, suivi des rapports complémentaires entre ses déclarations et quelques œuvres ascétiques et mystiques d’autres auteurs catholiques de cette période. La deuxième partie fournit l’analyse des mots clés utilisés par l’écrivaine pour décrire la mélancolie ainsi que des considérations naturelles et préternaturelles autour de cette maladie. Finalement, ce travail présente la systématisation de ses causes, symptômes et souffrances, types de mélancoliques et formes de traitement. / Religious, founder, mystic, doctor of the Catholic Church, Teresa of Avila (1515-1582) was a relevant figure during the Spanish Golden Age. Her writings include autobiographical, doctrinal, epistolary and poetic texts. Being a deep observer of human nature, Teresa wrote with deep simplicity about melancholy which was a disease caused by a humor’s disorder that greatly affected society at that time. This fact drew the attention of physicians, philosophers and religious authors. This Master’s thesis examines the treatment of melancholy in Teresa’s literature from an interdisciplinary perspective in the framework of the ideas exposed in Vida (1562-65), Las moradas (1577) and Fundaciones (1573-1582), complemented by some cases described in her letters and in the book Procesos de beatificación y canonización de Santa Teresa de Jesús. The first part exposes a general overview of certain features of melancholy according to the ancient and medieval Western thought, as well as its influences, which were reformulated by the Spanish society during 16th and 17th centuries. Afterwards, this study proposes a dialogue between Teresa and some medical writing’s discourse, followed by complementary connections between her statements and some ascetic and mystical works of other catholic authors of this time. The second part provides an analysis of the keywords used by the writer for describing melancholy as well as some natural and preternatural considerations about this illness. Finally, this work presents a systematization of its causes, symptoms and sufferings, types of melancholic persons and healing treatment variations. / Religiosa, fundadora, mística, doctora de la Iglesia Católica y autora de textos autobiográficos, doctrinales, epistolares y poéticos, Santa Teresa de Jesús (1515-1582) fue una de las personalidades más sobresalientes del Siglo de Oro. Siendo una gran observadora de la naturaleza humana, escribió con simplicidad profunda sobre la enfermedad melancólica, un trastorno humoral que afectaba seriamente la sociedad de su tiempo y atrajo la atención de médicos, filósofos y religiosos. Esta memoria examina a través de una perspectiva interdisciplinaria el tratamiento de la melancolía en la literatura teresiana en el marco de las ideas expuestas en Vida (1562-65), Las moradas (1577) y Fundaciones (1573-1582), complementados por algunos casos concretos descritos en sus cartas y en el libro Procesos de beatificación y canonización de Santa Teresa de Jesús. La primera parte expone un panorama sobre ciertos rasgos de la melancolía según el pensamiento antiguo y medieval así como sus influencias reformuladas por la sociedad española de los siglos XVI y XVII. Posteriormente, este estudio propone un diálogo entre Teresa y el discurso de varios textos médicos, seguido de las relaciones de complementariedad entre sus afirmaciones y algunas obras ascéticas y místicas de otros autores católicos de ese periodo. La segunda parte plantea un análisis de palabras clave utilizadas por la escritora para describir la melancolía, así como algunas consideraciones naturales y preternaturales respecto a esta enfermedad. Finalmente, este trabajo presenta una sistematización acerca de las causas, síntomas y padecimientos, tipos de melancólicos y formas de tratamiento.