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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Hidrogéis contendo tretinoína associada a nanocápsulas de núcleo lipídico : influência da secagem das suspensões nas propriedades físico-químicas e biofarmacêuticas

Zuglianello, Carine January 2015 (has links)
Este estudo tem como objetivo central avaliar a influência da secagem por aspersão de nanocápsulas de núcleo lipídico contendo tretinoína nos perfis in vitro de liberação e de penetração cutânea deste fármaco a partir de hidrogéis. Esses experimentos foram conduzidos empregando-se células de difusão de Franz, pele de abdome de porcos (fêmeas), regime de aplicação de doses infinitas e meio receptor composto por tampão fosfato pH 7,4 e etanol (70:30). A secagem por aspersão das suspensões de nanocápsulas, utilizando PVP e lactose (1:1, m/m) a 10% como adjuvantes, forneceu produtos com bons perfis de dispersão em água, bons rendimentos (próximos a 70%), baixos teores de substâncias voláteis, e teores do fármaco acima de 92%. O tipo de produto intermediário, suspensão aquosa ou respectivo pó, utilizado na produção de hidrogéis (G-LNC-TTN e G-LNC-TTN-SD, respectivamente) não influenciou no perfil de liberação in vitro da tretinoína, que se ajustou ao modelo de Higuchi. No estrato córneo houve diferenças nas quantidades de tretinoína penetradas a partir das duas formulações. O G-LNC-TTN levou a uma retenção exponencial do fármaco nessa camada, enquanto para o G-LNC-TTN-SD isso não ocorreu. Essa diferença foi associada à forma de organização das nanocápsulas na matriz do gel. Na epiderme e na derme, ambas as formulações permitiram a chegada de pequenas e constantes quantidades de tretinoína. No compartimento receptor da célula de Franz o fármaco não foi detectado. A pequena permeação da tretinoína para as camadas mais profundas da pele e para o meio receptor são indicativos de baixa absorção sistêmica, e também podem contribuir para a diminuição dos efeitos adversos associados à terapia tópica com essa substância. A secagem das suspensões de nanocápsulas de núcleo lipídico, nas condições utilizadas, forneceu um intermediário em potencial para a produção de formas farmacêuticas semissólidas contendo tretinoína. / This study’s central goal is to assess the influence of spray-drying lipid core nanocapsules on tretinoin in vitro release profiles as well as skin penetration/permeation from hydrogels. These experiments were conducted employing Franz diffusion cells, pig abdominal skin (female), infinite doses regimen and receptor medium composed of phosphate buffer pH 7.4 and ethanol (70:30). Spray-drying of the nanocapsules suspensions, using PVP and lactose (1:1, m/m) at 10% (m/v) as drying adjuvant provided powders with good water dispersion profiles, good yields (around 70%), low volatile substances contents, in addition to drug contents above 92%. Interchanging intermediate products, aqueous suspension or respective powder, used in hydrogel formulation (G-LNC-TTN and G-LNC-TTN-SD, respectively) caused no influence on tretinoin in vitro release profile which was adjusted by Higuchi model. In corneum stratum there were differences in tretinoin quantities which penetrated from those formulations. The G-LNC-TTN provided an exponential retention of the drug on this skin’s layer, although G-LNC-TTN-SD did not. This difference was associated with the nanocapsules organization form in hydrogel matrix. In epidermis and dermis both formulations allowed permeation of constant and low tretinoin quantities. Moreover, at receptor fluid the drug was not detected. The low tretinoin permeation for deeper skin layers and for receptor fluid is low systemic absorption indicative, furthermore, may contribute in reducing adverse effects associated with tretinoin topical therapy. In given conditions, spray-drying of lipid core nanocapsules provided a potential intermediate for production of semi solids pharmaceutical forms containing tretinoin.
2

中華職棒聯盟球隊生產效率分析:考量中間產出之DEA模型

卓筱婷, Cho, Hsiao-Ting Unknown Date (has links)
傳統DEA效率分析假設產業具單一生產過程,直到2000年,Färe and Grosskopf 提出Network DEA,闡明產業生產過程應分屬多階段性質。本研究應用其架構,假設職棒產業生產過程為兩個階段,並特別以Sexton and Lewis (2003) 增加中間產出的Two-Stage DEA 法,即第一階段的產出作為第二階段的投入,進行1992年至2004年「中華職業棒球聯盟」,共71個DMUs的實證分析。 Two-Stage DEA的第一階段是指花錢聘雇球員,而球團有效花錢聘雇球員的程度稱為「前置效率」,效率平均值為0.994;第二階段效率是指球隊正式比賽時,球員是否充分發揮技術潛能贏球,稱為「臨場效率」,效率平均值為0.969;而包含第一、二階段的整體球團運作效率則為「組織效率」,效率平均值為0.798。透過與傳統DEA的BCC模型之比較,發現Two-Stage DEA提供較豐富的組織運作過程資訊,俾管理者找出球團之無效率階段。 復以Tobit截斷迴歸模型,探討影響球團「前置效率」、「臨場效率」與「組織效率」之變數為何。結果指出,球隊對戰觀眾數、聯盟變革與現場直播對「前置效率」有顯著影響,「臨場效率」則受到臨時性獎勵制度與投手平均年齡的影響,而對戰觀眾數、聯盟變革、總教練的更動頻率與常設性獎勵制度,則是造成球隊「組織效率」差異的主因。 關鍵字:Network DEA、中間產出、Two-Stage DEA、職業棒球、效率 / Traditional DEA gauges efficiencies with only one production process, while in this study we apply Network DEA initiated by Färe and Grosskopf (2000), and in particular follow the Two-Stage DEA model incorporating the intermediate products, outputs from the first stage becomes inputs to the second stage, by Sexton and Lewis (2003) to evaluate the production efficiency of 71 DMUs of the Chinese professional Baseball League (CPBL ) from 1992 to 2004. How fair are the ball teams paying the players is called ”front office efficiency”, arithmetic mean is 0.994, in the first stage, how potentially successful are the teams playing the games is called “on-field efficiency”, arithmetic mean is 0.969, in the second stage, and how potentially successful are the teams playing the games if with perfect front office efficiency of the teams is called “organization efficiency”, arithmetic mean is 0.798. Comparing Two-Stage DEA model with BCC model of traditional DEA, we find that the former model provides more information of organizational operations for managers to understand and better the performance of the teams. Tobit regression analysis shows that (1) the front office efficiency is significantly positively influenced by spectators, variation of the league and television live, and (2) the on-field efficiency is significantly positively influenced by extemporaneous bonus and pitcher’s age. (3) The organization efficiency is significantly positively influenced by the spectators, variation of the league and fixed bonus, but the organization efficiency is significantly negatively influenced by change of coaches. Keyword:Network DEA, Intermediate products, Two-Stage DEA , Efficiency, Professional baseball
3

Hidrogéis contendo tretinoína associada a nanocápsulas de núcleo lipídico : influência da secagem das suspensões nas propriedades físico-químicas e biofarmacêuticas

Zuglianello, Carine January 2015 (has links)
Este estudo tem como objetivo central avaliar a influência da secagem por aspersão de nanocápsulas de núcleo lipídico contendo tretinoína nos perfis in vitro de liberação e de penetração cutânea deste fármaco a partir de hidrogéis. Esses experimentos foram conduzidos empregando-se células de difusão de Franz, pele de abdome de porcos (fêmeas), regime de aplicação de doses infinitas e meio receptor composto por tampão fosfato pH 7,4 e etanol (70:30). A secagem por aspersão das suspensões de nanocápsulas, utilizando PVP e lactose (1:1, m/m) a 10% como adjuvantes, forneceu produtos com bons perfis de dispersão em água, bons rendimentos (próximos a 70%), baixos teores de substâncias voláteis, e teores do fármaco acima de 92%. O tipo de produto intermediário, suspensão aquosa ou respectivo pó, utilizado na produção de hidrogéis (G-LNC-TTN e G-LNC-TTN-SD, respectivamente) não influenciou no perfil de liberação in vitro da tretinoína, que se ajustou ao modelo de Higuchi. No estrato córneo houve diferenças nas quantidades de tretinoína penetradas a partir das duas formulações. O G-LNC-TTN levou a uma retenção exponencial do fármaco nessa camada, enquanto para o G-LNC-TTN-SD isso não ocorreu. Essa diferença foi associada à forma de organização das nanocápsulas na matriz do gel. Na epiderme e na derme, ambas as formulações permitiram a chegada de pequenas e constantes quantidades de tretinoína. No compartimento receptor da célula de Franz o fármaco não foi detectado. A pequena permeação da tretinoína para as camadas mais profundas da pele e para o meio receptor são indicativos de baixa absorção sistêmica, e também podem contribuir para a diminuição dos efeitos adversos associados à terapia tópica com essa substância. A secagem das suspensões de nanocápsulas de núcleo lipídico, nas condições utilizadas, forneceu um intermediário em potencial para a produção de formas farmacêuticas semissólidas contendo tretinoína. / This study’s central goal is to assess the influence of spray-drying lipid core nanocapsules on tretinoin in vitro release profiles as well as skin penetration/permeation from hydrogels. These experiments were conducted employing Franz diffusion cells, pig abdominal skin (female), infinite doses regimen and receptor medium composed of phosphate buffer pH 7.4 and ethanol (70:30). Spray-drying of the nanocapsules suspensions, using PVP and lactose (1:1, m/m) at 10% (m/v) as drying adjuvant provided powders with good water dispersion profiles, good yields (around 70%), low volatile substances contents, in addition to drug contents above 92%. Interchanging intermediate products, aqueous suspension or respective powder, used in hydrogel formulation (G-LNC-TTN and G-LNC-TTN-SD, respectively) caused no influence on tretinoin in vitro release profile which was adjusted by Higuchi model. In corneum stratum there were differences in tretinoin quantities which penetrated from those formulations. The G-LNC-TTN provided an exponential retention of the drug on this skin’s layer, although G-LNC-TTN-SD did not. This difference was associated with the nanocapsules organization form in hydrogel matrix. In epidermis and dermis both formulations allowed permeation of constant and low tretinoin quantities. Moreover, at receptor fluid the drug was not detected. The low tretinoin permeation for deeper skin layers and for receptor fluid is low systemic absorption indicative, furthermore, may contribute in reducing adverse effects associated with tretinoin topical therapy. In given conditions, spray-drying of lipid core nanocapsules provided a potential intermediate for production of semi solids pharmaceutical forms containing tretinoin.
4

Hidrogéis contendo tretinoína associada a nanocápsulas de núcleo lipídico : influência da secagem das suspensões nas propriedades físico-químicas e biofarmacêuticas

Zuglianello, Carine January 2015 (has links)
Este estudo tem como objetivo central avaliar a influência da secagem por aspersão de nanocápsulas de núcleo lipídico contendo tretinoína nos perfis in vitro de liberação e de penetração cutânea deste fármaco a partir de hidrogéis. Esses experimentos foram conduzidos empregando-se células de difusão de Franz, pele de abdome de porcos (fêmeas), regime de aplicação de doses infinitas e meio receptor composto por tampão fosfato pH 7,4 e etanol (70:30). A secagem por aspersão das suspensões de nanocápsulas, utilizando PVP e lactose (1:1, m/m) a 10% como adjuvantes, forneceu produtos com bons perfis de dispersão em água, bons rendimentos (próximos a 70%), baixos teores de substâncias voláteis, e teores do fármaco acima de 92%. O tipo de produto intermediário, suspensão aquosa ou respectivo pó, utilizado na produção de hidrogéis (G-LNC-TTN e G-LNC-TTN-SD, respectivamente) não influenciou no perfil de liberação in vitro da tretinoína, que se ajustou ao modelo de Higuchi. No estrato córneo houve diferenças nas quantidades de tretinoína penetradas a partir das duas formulações. O G-LNC-TTN levou a uma retenção exponencial do fármaco nessa camada, enquanto para o G-LNC-TTN-SD isso não ocorreu. Essa diferença foi associada à forma de organização das nanocápsulas na matriz do gel. Na epiderme e na derme, ambas as formulações permitiram a chegada de pequenas e constantes quantidades de tretinoína. No compartimento receptor da célula de Franz o fármaco não foi detectado. A pequena permeação da tretinoína para as camadas mais profundas da pele e para o meio receptor são indicativos de baixa absorção sistêmica, e também podem contribuir para a diminuição dos efeitos adversos associados à terapia tópica com essa substância. A secagem das suspensões de nanocápsulas de núcleo lipídico, nas condições utilizadas, forneceu um intermediário em potencial para a produção de formas farmacêuticas semissólidas contendo tretinoína. / This study’s central goal is to assess the influence of spray-drying lipid core nanocapsules on tretinoin in vitro release profiles as well as skin penetration/permeation from hydrogels. These experiments were conducted employing Franz diffusion cells, pig abdominal skin (female), infinite doses regimen and receptor medium composed of phosphate buffer pH 7.4 and ethanol (70:30). Spray-drying of the nanocapsules suspensions, using PVP and lactose (1:1, m/m) at 10% (m/v) as drying adjuvant provided powders with good water dispersion profiles, good yields (around 70%), low volatile substances contents, in addition to drug contents above 92%. Interchanging intermediate products, aqueous suspension or respective powder, used in hydrogel formulation (G-LNC-TTN and G-LNC-TTN-SD, respectively) caused no influence on tretinoin in vitro release profile which was adjusted by Higuchi model. In corneum stratum there were differences in tretinoin quantities which penetrated from those formulations. The G-LNC-TTN provided an exponential retention of the drug on this skin’s layer, although G-LNC-TTN-SD did not. This difference was associated with the nanocapsules organization form in hydrogel matrix. In epidermis and dermis both formulations allowed permeation of constant and low tretinoin quantities. Moreover, at receptor fluid the drug was not detected. The low tretinoin permeation for deeper skin layers and for receptor fluid is low systemic absorption indicative, furthermore, may contribute in reducing adverse effects associated with tretinoin topical therapy. In given conditions, spray-drying of lipid core nanocapsules provided a potential intermediate for production of semi solids pharmaceutical forms containing tretinoin.
5

Оптимизација добијања етанола ферментацијом међупроизвода технологије прераде шећерне репе / Optimizacija dobijanja etanola fermentacijom međuproizvoda tehnologije prerade šećerne repe / Optimization of ethanol production from intermediate products of sugar beet technology

Grahovac Jovana 06 April 2011 (has links)
<p>Истраживања из овира овог рада обухватила су испитивање тока ферментације подлога на бази екстракционог, ретког и густог сока као међупроизвода, и меласе као нуспроизвода технологије прераде шећерне репе квасцем <em>Saccharomyces cerevisae.</em> Експериментално је потврђена изводљивост добијања етанола дисконтинуалном ферментацијом екстракционог, ретког и густог сока као и меласе из домаћих фабрика шећера&nbsp;квасцем Saccharomyces cerevisae у биореактору радне запремине 1,5 l.</p><p>Анализом резултата тока ферментације међупроизвода технологије прераде шећерне репе дефинисани су параметри значајни за моделовање применом поступка одзивне површине функције. За опис одзивних функција броја ћелија квасца, садржаја етанола и укупног садржаја шећера током ферментације испитан је утицај почетног садржаја шећера у опсегу 5-25 % m/v и трајања ферментације у опсегу 0-48 h. Добијени модели допринели су бољем разумевању утицаја различитог почетног садржаја шећера, трајања ферментације и међусобнихи интеракција ових фактора на одабране одзиве тока ферментације хранљивих подлога на бази међупроизвода технологије прераде шећерне репе.</p><p>Поред наведеног, циљ овог рада обухватио је и дефинисање оптималних вредности почетног садржаја шећера и трајања ферментације екстракционог, ретког и густог сока као међупроизвода и меласе као нуспроизвода технологије прераде шећерне репе, применом методе жељене функције у комбинацији са полиномским зависностима посматраних одзива. За екстракциони сок оптималне вредности варираних параметара, при којим жељена функција има највећу вредност су почетни садржај шећера 12,71 % m/v и трајање ферментације 38 h. Дефинисане оптималне вредности варираних параметара за густи сок су почетни садржај шећера 12,75 % m/v и трајање ферментације 42&nbsp;h. За меласу су дефинисане следеће оптималне вредности варираних параметара: почетни садржај шећера 11,59&nbsp;% m/v &nbsp;и трајање ферментације 34&nbsp;h.</p><p>Наставак истраживања је изведен са циљем провере валидности добијених резултата, односно њихове применљивости у увећаним размерама. Добијени резултати тока ферментације у биореактору радне запремине 10 l, при оптималним условима дефинисаним за ферментацију у биореактору радне запремине 1,5&nbsp;l су у доброј корелацији са вредностима оптимизованих одзива које су предвиђене моделима.</p> / <p>Istraživanja iz ovira ovog rada obuhvatila su ispitivanje toka fermentacije podloga na bazi ekstrakcionog, retkog i gustog soka kao međuproizvoda, i melase kao nusproizvoda tehnologije prerade šećerne repe kvascem <em>Saccharomyces cerevisae.</em> Eksperimentalno je potvrđena izvodljivost dobijanja etanola diskontinualnom fermentacijom ekstrakcionog, retkog i gustog soka kao i melase iz domaćih fabrika šećera&nbsp;kvascem Saccharomyces cerevisae u bioreaktoru radne zapremine 1,5 l.</p><p>Analizom rezultata toka fermentacije međuproizvoda tehnologije prerade šećerne repe definisani su parametri značajni za modelovanje primenom postupka odzivne površine funkcije. Za opis odzivnih funkcija broja ćelija kvasca, sadržaja etanola i ukupnog sadržaja šećera tokom fermentacije ispitan je uticaj početnog sadržaja šećera u opsegu 5-25 % m/v i trajanja fermentacije u opsegu 0-48 h. Dobijeni modeli doprineli su boljem razumevanju uticaja različitog početnog sadržaja šećera, trajanja fermentacije i međusobnihi interakcija ovih faktora na odabrane odzive toka fermentacije hranljivih podloga na bazi međuproizvoda tehnologije prerade šećerne repe.</p><p>Pored navedenog, cilj ovog rada obuhvatio je i definisanje optimalnih vrednosti početnog sadržaja šećera i trajanja fermentacije ekstrakcionog, retkog i gustog soka kao međuproizvoda i melase kao nusproizvoda tehnologije prerade šećerne repe, primenom metode željene funkcije u kombinaciji sa polinomskim zavisnostima posmatranih odziva. Za ekstrakcioni sok optimalne vrednosti variranih parametara, pri kojim željena funkcija ima najveću vrednost su početni sadržaj šećera 12,71 % m/v i trajanje fermentacije 38 h. Definisane optimalne vrednosti variranih parametara za gusti sok su početni sadržaj šećera 12,75 % m/v i trajanje fermentacije 42&nbsp;h. Za melasu su definisane sledeće optimalne vrednosti variranih parametara: početni sadržaj šećera 11,59&nbsp;% m/v &nbsp;i trajanje fermentacije 34&nbsp;h.</p><p>Nastavak istraživanja je izveden sa ciljem provere validnosti dobijenih rezultata, odnosno njihove primenljivosti u uvećanim razmerama. Dobijeni rezultati toka fermentacije u bioreaktoru radne zapremine 10 l, pri optimalnim uslovima definisanim za fermentaciju u bioreaktoru radne zapremine 1,5&nbsp;l su u dobroj korelaciji sa vrednostima optimizovanih odziva koje su predviđene modelima.</p> / <p>Research from the framework of this study included the examination of the course of fermentation based on raw, thin and thick juice as intermediate products, and molasses as by-products of sugar beet proccessing by yeast <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em>. The feasibility of ethanol production from raw, thin and thick juice and molasses from local sugar factories was experimentally confirmed in batch fermentation in a bioreactor of working volume 1.5 l. lmportant parameters for modeling of the process using response surface methodology were defined by analyzing the results of the course of fermentation of intermediate products of sugar beet processing. For description of the response function of the number of yeast cells, ethanol content and total sugar content during fermentation, the effects of initial sugar content in the range 5-25% w/v and duration of fermentation in the range 0-4g h were examined. Obtained models have contributed to a better understanding of the impact of different initial sugar content, fermentation time and interactions of these factors on the selected responses of the course of fermentation of culture media based on intermediate products of sugar beet processing.</p><p>ln addition, the goal of this work included the selection of the optimal values of the initial sugar content and duration of fermentation of raw, thin and thick juice and molasses applying the obtained second-degree polynomial models of the process. Optimal initial sugar content and fermentation time for ethanol production from raw juice were estimated to be 72.71% w/v and 38 h, respectively. For thin juice optimal values of varied parameters were the initial sugar content 12.75% w/v and fermentation time 42 h. The optimal values of initial sugar content and fermentation time for thick juice were defined to be 21,12% w/v and 47 h, respectively. For molasses were defined the following optimal values of varying parameters: the initial sugar content 11,59% w/v and fermentation time 34 h.<br />Further research was performed with the aim of validation of the obtained results and confirmation of their applicability in the enlarged scale. The results obtained during the fermentation in bioreactor of working volume 10 l, under optimal conditions defined for fermentation in the bioreactor of working volume 1.5 l, were in good correlation.</p>
6

Spotřební daně v ČR a ve vybraných státech OECD a jejich vliv na zdrojové krytí státního rozpočtu v letech 2007-2012 / Excise taxes in the Czech Republic and in selected OECD countries and their impact on resource coverage of the state budget in the years 2007-2012

Dík, Lukáš January 2015 (has links)
The thesis deals with the issue of excise taxes in the Czech Republic and in selected OECD countries over the period 2007-2012 and their impact on resource coverage of the state budget. The theoretical part consists of the basic concepts relating to taxes, their basic structure, including the advantages and disadvantages of various groups of taxes. Main part of this thesis is the analysis of excise taxes in the Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany and the Slovakia which leads to a comparison between these countries. The hypothesis was that the Czech Republic levied excise few. Since this hypothesis is confirmed, the thesis contains a proposal for amendment in excise taxes which of the three possible options is chosen variant of the introduction of new taxes, the taxes on sweets. This part is undoubtedly the greatest benefit of the whole thesis. The work assumes that the introduction of this tax has had a positive impact on the state budget of 6-7 billion Czech crowns.

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