Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / Esta produÃÃo acadÃmica analisa a migraÃÃo, presenÃa e permanÃncia de estudantes oriundos de distintos paÃses africanos para o Brasil, especificamente, na cidade de Fortaleza-CE, nos processos que designo de âDiÃspora Africana no Cearà no sÃculo XXIâ. Esta DiÃspora à fruto da migraÃÃo estudantil internacional de alunos de Ãfrica que, se deslocam ao Brasil para desenvolver formaÃÃo universitÃria em instituiÃÃes de ensino superior (IES) pÃblicas e privadas. Interessa-me compreender os processos de ressignificaÃÃes identitÃrias nas trajetÃrias e percursos desses estudantes nesta DiÃspora, focando o seu cotidiano, a partir da trÃplice dimensÃo: ser negro, africano e imigrante âtemporÃrioâ. Este estudo traz, como aspecto inovador o fato de investigar, nÃo apenas a realidade dos alunos africanos inseridos em universidades pÃblicas, auferindo bolsas de estudos, no Ãmbito de convÃnios, como o Programa Estudantes ConvÃnio â GraduaÃÃo (PEC-G), Programa Estudante ConvÃnio â PÃs-GraduaÃÃo (PEC-PG) e outros acordos, mas adentrar, tambÃm, na realidade vivenciada pelo amplo contingente de africanos matriculados em faculdades particulares, a dependerem da ajuda econÃmica de parentes e familiares residentes em Ãfrica e ao redor do mundo. Este grupo de estudantes, hoje majoritÃrio, apresenta inserÃÃes precÃrias no contexto de Fortaleza, enfrentando dificuldades econÃmico-financeiras, para garantir o pagamento de mensalidades nas instituiÃÃes universitÃrias privadas e manter a prÃpria sobrevivÃncia nesta metrÃpole. Assim, este segmento de estudantes africanos tem que se envolver em trabalhos informais e precarizados, considerados âirregularesâ pelas autoridades brasileiras, sujeitos a violaÃÃo de direitos trabalhistas, com longas jornadas e baixos salÃrios. Neste estudo sociolÃgico exploro distintas esferas da vida desses sujeitos nos percursos diaspÃricos, quais sejam: cotidiano; inserÃÃo no contexto universitÃrio; trabalho; interaÃÃes com organismos e instituiÃÃes pÃblicas e privados no acesso a mercadorias e serviÃos; associativismo em agremiaÃÃes estudantis; utilizaÃÃo das tecnologias de informaÃÃo e comunicaÃÃo (TICâs) e das redes sociais virtuais na internet; processos de saÃde e de adoecimento; conjuntura de violÃncia urbana e, mesmo, violÃncia que culminam com a morte de estudantes africanos; formas de lazer; processos de sociabilidade entre africanos e brasileiros; festas africanas e interaÃÃes afetivossexuais. O estudo revela como os estudantes oriundos de Ãfrica sÃo alvo de preconceito e discriminaÃÃo racial, por conta da cor da pele e da prÃpria origem africana. Neste processo analÃtico, trabalho como fio condutor, a ideia de que, nas trajetÃrias e percursos diaspÃricos, os estudantes africanos constituem mÃltiplos pertencimentos identitÃrios, forjados em Ãfrica e no cotidiano no Brasil que, ora tendem à afirmaÃÃo, ora tendem à negaÃÃo de africanidade e negritude. As identidades sÃo ressignificadas, particularmente, no contato com a alteridade racial e cultural no contexto cearense, em meio a mÃltiplas formas de inclusÃo e de discriminaÃÃo racial. As identidades ressignificadas expressam-se em comportamentos, atitudes, modos de vida, formas de ser e estar. Estes processos sÃo mediados por dimensÃes objetivas como, roupas, vestimentas e trajes, calÃados, cabelos tranÃados, bem como por dimensÃes simbÃlicas, como lÃnguas faladas no cotidiano, com destaque para o crioulo, culinÃria e modos de alimentaÃÃo, expressÃes religiosas, sexualidades e discursos. Nesta anÃlise compreensiva, utilizo como aportes teÃricos, os estudos PÃs-Coloniais, a partir das ideias de William Du Bois, Paul Gilroy, Stuart Hall, dentre outros. No plano metodolÃgico, utilizo, como recursos investigativos, a observaÃÃo sistemÃtica, entrevistas abertas, em profundidade, mescladas com conversas informais, tanto a nÃvel presencial, como no espaÃo virtual, sempre registradas no âcaderno de campoâ. / This academic production aims at evaluating the migration, presence and permanence of students in Brazil from different African countries, specifically in Fortaleza-CE, according to developments that I designate as the "African Diaspora in Cearà in the 21st Century." This Diaspora is the result of the international migration of African students who travel to Brazil to obtain a university education in public and private institutions (IES). I am engaged in understanding the processes of identity-related re-signification in the trajectories and paths of these students in this Diaspora, focusing on their daily life, from a triple dimension configuration: being black, being African and being a "temporary" immigrant. This study has as an innovative aspect the fact of investigating, not only the daily life of African students enrolled in public universities, receiving scholarships, within the scope of the agreements, such as the Programa Estudantes ConvÃnio â Under-graduation (PEC-G), and the Programa Estudante ConvÃnio âGraduation (PEC-PG) and other agreements, but also the experience of a large contingent of Africans enrolled in private colleges, depending on the financial assistance of relatives and relatives residing in Africa and other parts of the world. This group of students, the largest now, presents precarious insertions in the context of Fortaleza, facing economic and financial difficulties to guarantee the payment of tuition fees in private university institutions and to maintain their own survival in the metropolis. Thus, this segment of African students has to engage in informal and precarious jobs, considered "irregular" by Brazilian authorities, subject to violations of labor rights, with long hours and low wages. In this sociological study I explore different spheres of life of these subjects who are distinguished for their diaspora-related journeys, namely, daily life, insertion in the university context, job, Interactions with public and private bodies and institutions to access goods and services, integration with student associations, use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) and virtual social networks on the Internet, health and illness processes, the conjuncture of urban violence and even gender violence that culminate in the death of African students, leisure forms, sociability between Africans and Brazilians, African celebrations, besides sexual and affective interactions. The study reveals how students from Africa are subjected to prejudice and racial discrimination because of their color and African origin. In this analytic process, I use as a guiding thread, the idea that, in diaspora-related trajectories and journeys, African students stand for multiple identity shapes, forged in Africa and in everyday life in Brazil that on the one hand, tend to affirm, but on the other hand, tend to deny Africanism and blackness. Identities are re-signified, particularly, in the contact with racial and cultural alterity in the context of CearÃ, in the midst of multiple forms of racial inclusion and discrimination. Re-signified identities are expressed in behaviors, attitudes, ways of life, and ways of being. These processes are mediated by objective dimensions such as clothing, costumes, shoes, braided hair, as well as by symbolic dimensions such as the languages spoken in everyday life, especially Creole, cooking and eating modes, religious expressions, sexuality and speech. In this evaluating analysis, I use as theoretical contributions, post colonial studies, from the ideas of William Du Bois, Paul Gilroy, Stuart Hall, among others. At the methodological level, I use investigative resources as systematic observation, open in-depth interviews mixed with informal conversations, both face-to-face and in virtual space, always recorded in the "field notebook".

Haitian university students represent a part of the increasing diversity of Haitian migrants in the Dominican Republic. Using an ethnographic approach, I explore university students’ motivations for studying in the Dominican Republic, their experiences at Dominican universities and in Dominican society, Haitian student organizations, and their future plans. Additionally, I focus on Haitian students’ experiences with discrimination and how they relate to other Haitian migrants in the Dominican Republic. I find that most students come to the Dominican Republic due to the difficulty of gaining entrance to affordable Haitian universities and logistical convenience. The university is a unique setting where Haitian and Dominican students are clearly peers, which results in increased interactions between the two groups and decreased discrimination towards Haitian students. However, Haitian students remain a relatively isolated group within the university and in the larger Dominican society. Many students reported experiencing discrimination, although students identified class, rather than race or nationality, as the main reason for discrimination. Furthermore, I focused on the role of language in migrants’ experiences. I found that while a high command of Spanish allowed migrants to avoid identification as Haitian and subsequent discrimination, Kreyòl was used as a resource to create solidarity and maintain cultural ties to Haiti. My research suggests that it is important to keep in mind the distinct notions of race and nationality in Haiti and in the Dominican Republic when considering contemporary struggles for the rights of Haitian migrants and their descendants in the Dominican Republic.