Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:49:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulo Van Noije.pdf: 2887986 bytes, checksum: 3ddc1dc0976b1193c00fcbdd97eca207 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This paper analyzes the external vulnerability of the Brazilian economy, especially in the financial sphere, arising from the International Investment Position and the flow of income for the period 1953 to 1963. Therefore, it is reported that the stocks of external assets and liabilities are determined by the balance of current account (obtained from the Balance of Payments) and the variations of the same value (which can not be obtained by the Balance of Payments), and presents a methodology alternative to the simple sum of flows to infer the values of liabilities and foreign assets, especially stocks of Foreign Direct Investment. In chapter 2 presents the International Situation of the period, marked by shortage of foreign currency, in a context which secured a strong growth through the Plano de Metas and incentives for foreign investment. Additionally, we demonstrated the reforms of the exchange period. Finally, the last chapter makes an analysis of key Balance of Payments for the period and an attempt of elaboration of the International Investment Position resulting from these flows and changes in value of inventories, obtained through the methodology presented in the first chapter. It is the deterioration of the external vulnerability of the Brazilian economy caused by the increase in net external liabilities. This increase was caused, according to the methodology employed, the proportion of: a) 68% because of shipping revenues, mainly by increasing the participation of interest at the expense of profits and dividends, b) 37% for other accounts current transactions except rents, c) and -5% for changes in value of stocks, especially by devaluations of foreign liabilities in the form of Foreign Direct Investment. Thus, the International Investment Position estimated during the period amounted to -6% in 1953 to -16% of Gross Domestic Product in 1963, due to the decrease in international reserves and the large increase of foreign debt, causing the resilience to external shocks of the Brazilian economy falls / Este trabalho busca analisar a vulnerabilidade externa da economia brasileira, especialmente na esfera financeira, decorrente da Posição Internacional de Investimentos e do fluxo de rendas para o período de 1953 a 1963. Para tanto, é descrito que os estoques de passivos e ativos externos são determinados pelos saldos das transações correntes (obtidos pelo Balanço de Pagamentos) e pelas variações de valor dos mesmos (que não podem ser obtidas pelo Balanço de Pagamentos), sendo apresentada uma metodologia alternativa ao simples somatório de fluxos para inferir os valores dos passivos e ativos externos, especialmente no caso dos estoques dos Investimentos Estrangeiros Diretos. Já no capítulo 2 apresenta-se a Conjuntura Internacional do período, marcada pela situação de escassez de divisas, num contexto que lograva obter um forte crescimento através do Plano de Metas e de estímulos aos investimentos estrangeiros. Adicionalmente, são demonstradas as reformas cambiais do período. Por fim, no último capítulo faz-se uma análise das principais contas do Balanço de Pagamentos para o período e uma tentativa de elaboração da Posição Internacional de Investimentos decorrentes desses fluxos e das alterações de valor desses estoques, obtida através da metodologia apresentada no primeiro capítulo. Conclui-se pela deterioração da vulnerabilidade externa da economia brasileira causada pelo aumento do passivo externo líquido. Esse aumento foi causado, de acordo com a metodologia empregada, pela proporção de: a) 68% por causa do envio de rendas, principalmente pela elevação da participação dos juros em detrimento dos lucros e dividendos; b) em 37% pelas outras contas das transações correntes exceto rendas; c) e em -5% pelas variações de valor dos estoques, especialmente pelas desvalorizações dos passivos externos na forma de Investimentos Estrangeiros Diretos. Assim, a Posição Internacional de Investimentos estimada durante o período se elevou de -6%, em 1953, para -16% do Produto Interno Bruto em 1963, decorrente da queda das reservas internacionais e do grande aumento da dívida externa, fazendo com que a capacidade de resistência a choques externos da economia brasileira diminuísse

The objective of the thesis is to analyze the external economic stability of the Slovak republic. First part of the thesis explains fundamental theories of the balance of payments, its structure and equalizing mechanisms. The analysis of the external economic stability is based on the development of the balances of payments between the years 2000 and 2008. The analysis of the external debt and the international investment position are also involved to complete the image of the Slovak external economic stability.

Diploma thesis deals with the US external economic balance, particularly balance of payments, international investment position, indebtness and the dollar exchange rate. The first part includes the theoretical approach to external economic balance and related terms. Furthermore, I focus on the status of current and financial account of the United States in detail. Here I evaluate the balances of BOP parts and search for the explanation of this situation. I also focus on international investment position of the United States, the development of foreign direct investment and debt indicators. The work also contains a detailed analysis of the U.S. balance of payments for the years 2004 - 2008. The last section is a treatise on the history of the dollar, development of its rate, expected future developments and relationships with U.S. major trading partner, China.