This research compared bank employee training programs in two countries--the United States and Iran. It also examined managerial perceptions regarding selected training programs, and the existing and desired level of training practices. The objectives were to facilitate the training and staff development programs within the banking industry, and to highlight the weaknesses of the present programs. / The study was conducted in two phases: (a) an exploratory research effort, and (b) data collection using a questionnaire sent to a selected sample of 33 banks in the two countries. For data analysis, appropriate SPSS programs were used. / The findings indicated that in terms of leadership perceptions, bank trainers in both countries preferred relationship behavior patterns (two-way communication) over task behavior patterns (one-way communication). They also agreed that determination of employees' maturity level was important for selecting an appropriate leadership style. In operational patterns, bank trainers in both countries supported employees' participation and involvement in planning and implementing the programs, in group decision making, in sharing information, and mutual commitment and subtlety. / Data analysis showed that in each of the 33 respondent banks, training programs were planned according to some philosophy from which clearly formulated goals and objectives were derived. These goals were achieved through functions and factors, some of which were more important than others for different banks. However, there were similarities and dissimilarities in planning and implementing training programs in the responding banks in the two countries. There was also some similarity between present and desired practices in both countries' bank training programs. Additionally, the data revealed that planners/designers and implementors of bank employee training programs in both countries do not give very much consideration to participants' knowledge, maturation, growth, or development regarding what their leadership perceptions are. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 46-04, Section: A, page: 1079. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1985.

This study compares the utility of three approaches to international relations (i.e., realism, dependencia, and interdependence) in explaining contemporary interstate trade in arms. It delineates the West European-Arabian Gulf arms trade connection from 1970 to 1987. It considers the theoretical framework of interdependence as an appropriate application for explaining this relationship. / Two research methods are applied to investigate Europe's arms sales policy to the Gulf from an interdependence perspective. First, a theoretical approach is used to explore the overall mutual relations between the two blocs based on the main premises of interdependence. It is argued that this theory yields more positive results than realism and dependencia when applied to the reciprocal relationship between Europe and the Gulf states. / Second, four hypotheses were operationalized to investigate the Euro-Gulf arms trade as a manifestation of an interdependent relationship between the two sides. The analysis of data concerning European arms flow to the Gulf region during the last two decades yielded results in favor of the features of interdependence between the two parties. / The findings of this study suggest that European arms sales to the Gulf region can be explained based on the developments in the oil market associated with the Arab-Israeli conflict during the 1970s. The study also indicates a noteworthy rapprochement between Western Europe and the Arab Gulf countries in the military sector during the present decade. This suggests a favorable European response to the creation of the GCC and its new defense strategy. / The general conclusion is that Western Europe's foreign policy in the Arabian Gulf, as measured through its arms sales behavior, likely reflects the continent's attitudes toward certain developments within and outside that region in the last two decades. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 50-08, Section: A, page: 2638. / Major Professor: James Lee Ray. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1989.

Foreign trade strategies and economic performance of twenty-eight middle-income countries are examined for the period 1973-85. Three perspectives are presented to explain their experiences: the export-led growth model, dependency theory, and rent-seeking theory. It was found that rapid economic growth and a higher physical quality of life are associated with outward-oriented strategies. Outward-oriented countries consistently perform better than inward-oriented ones, whether they have weak or strong rent-seeking groups. However, the NICs that achieved the highest growth rates by following a strongly outward-oriented trade policy, such as South Korea, Hong Kong and Singapore, have benefited from the unusual convergence of a variety of forces and circumstances such as political stability; long-term commitment to the strategy; holistic implementation of the strategy; requisite labor skills; an industrial base; adequate infrastructure; manageable labor costs; right market size, etc. Countries that adopt the export-led growth strategy without meeting these conditions (e.g. Brazil, Turkey) may be faced with problems of distributional inequality even if they may achieve high growth rates. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 49-09, Section: A, page: 2800. / Major Professor: James Lee Ray. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1988.

The present study examines the voting behavior of the first-directly elected European Parliament. The main question of the research is how did the Members or the European Parliament vote during the first term of the Parliament. Did they follow their nation's or their political group's guidelines? The first directly elected Parliament included 434 deputies from ten members of the European Community. These members belonged to seven different political groups. The roll-call votes of the first term (1979-1984) provides the basis for this study. The analysis is done by using two methodological techniques: factor analysis and Multiple Classification Analysis. / The research has revealed that this multi-ethnic and relatively new institution has taken seriously its role. Despite the bad press coverage that has received, the European Parliament has demonstrated that is a parliament in the making. Its members voted most of the time as a political group and not as national group. These findings suggest that if the European Parliament is delegated additional powers will become a legitimate and a more responsible institution. In addition the study implies that if the EP becomes more powerful there is going to be a further integration of the European Community. The Parliament provides the basis for legitimacy of the EC because it is the only of the four institutions that is democratically elected by the European citizens. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 51-12, Section: A, page: 4265. / Major Professor: Russell Dalton. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1990.

There are many factors (internal/external) that affect the foreign policy of states. The main task of this study was to investigate the effect of one of these--the leader's values and beliefs--to answer the question: Is it possible to forecast the state's behavior by knowing the leader's articulated values? / With Libya as a case study, the focus was on the effect of Colonel Qaddafi's values on Libyan foreign policy toward Chad, Ethiopia, and the Sudan. Three methodological procedures were applied. First, in order to know the leader's values, a content analysis was made of Colonel Qaddafi's speeches and public addresses. Second, event analysis was used to analyze Libyan behavior toward the three target states in terms of conflict/cooperation. Third, the relationship between the leader's values and the state's behavior (events) was assessed through the evaluation of a panel of experts on the region. / The analysis produced seven major values: anti-imperialism, pro-Arab unity, anti-Israel, pro-Islam, anti-communism, power, and security. The relationship between these values and events was strongly founded, but it was stronger for some than others. The number of values utilized to explain the behavior was different from one target state to another. / The general conclusion was that the leader's values have a strong effect on foreign policy behavior. Given an event and utilizing the values, Libyan behavior could be forecast. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 49-12, Section: A, page: 3861. / Major Professor: Monte Palmer. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1988.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 38-06, Section: A, page: 3714. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1977.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 37-10, Section: A, page: 6743. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1976.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 38-12, Section: A, page: 7541. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1977.

Zhang, Chuqi. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [141-151]). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter Chapter I --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1. --- The Question --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1. --- Definition of Jurisdiction --- p.1 / Definition of Jurisdiction --- p.1 / Limits on Jurisdiction in International Law --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.2. --- The Problem of Extraterritorial Jurisdiction --- p.3 / Basis for Jurisdiction in International Law --- p.3 / Extraterritorial Jurisdiction Problem --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Extraterritorial Jurisdiction based on Effect Principle --- p.5 / The Alcoa Case --- p.5 / After Alcoa Case --- p.6 / Key Question of This study --- p.7 / Chapter 1.2. --- Literature Review --- p.8 / Chapter 1.2.1. --- The Perspective of Jurisdictional Doctrine in International Law --- p.8 / Sovereignty Concern --- p.8 / Concurrent Jurisdiction & Conflicting Jurisdiction --- p.9 / In the Context of Globalization --- p.10 / Chapter 1.2.2. --- Evaluating Effect Principle and Its Development --- p.12 / "Development of Effect Principle´ؤ´ؤ""Direct, Substantial, and Reasonably Foreseeable Effect""" --- p.12 / Restriction on Effect Principle´ؤInternational Comity --- p.14 / Restriction on Effect principle´ؤ´ؤReasonableness --- p.16 / Chapter 1.2.3. --- From the Perspective of International Competition Law --- p.18 / International Competition Law --- p.18 / Appraisal of Extraterritorial Jurisdiction in International Competition Law --- p.19 / Chapter 1.3. --- Structure of the Thesis --- p.20 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Inadequacies of the Research on Extraterritorial Jurisdiction in Competition Law --- p.20 / Chapter 1.3.1. --- Approach of This Study --- p.21 / Chapter 1.3.2. --- Structure of the Study --- p.21 / Chapter Chapter II. --- Theoretical Framework --- p.23 / Chapter 2.1 --- Strict Territoriality --- p.24 / Chapter 2.1.1. --- Theoretical Foundation --- p.24 / Definition of State --- p.24 / Territoriality of Sovereignty --- p.25 / Chapter 2.1.2. --- Jurisdiction Rules in Strict Territoriality Theory --- p.26 / Exclusive Territory Principle --- p.26 / National Principle´ؤthe Only Exception --- p.28 / Effect Principle in Strict Territoriality Theory --- p.29 / Chapter 2.1.3. --- Reflections on Strict Territoriality --- p.31 / Appraisal of Strict Territoriality Theory --- p.31 / Challenge of Globalization to Strict Territoriality Theory --- p.32 / The Appraisal under International Law´ؤS.S. Lotus case --- p.33 / Chapter 2.2. --- Close connection theory --- p.34 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Theoretical Foundation --- p.34 / Concept of State --- p.34 / Sovereignty and Allocation of Power --- p.35 / International Comity --- p.36 / Chapter 2.2.2. --- Jurisdictional Rules --- p.37 / Contact/connection/link --- p.37 / The Requirement of Reasonableness --- p.38 / Chapter 2.2.3. --- Appraisal of Close connection theory --- p.40 / Approval for Close connection theory --- p.40 / Criticisms on Close connection theory --- p.40 / Chapter Chapter III. --- Effect Principle in Practice --- p.42 / Chapter 3.1. --- Anticompetitive Effect in Competition Law --- p.43 / Chapter 3.1.1. --- Brief Introduction of Competition Law --- p.43 / Chapter 3.1.2. --- Anticompetitive Effect --- p.46 / Anticompetitive Activities --- p.46 / Anticompetitive effect --- p.46 / Chapter 3.2. --- National Connection in Competition Law --- p.47 / Chapter 3.2.1. --- Transnational Corporation and Its Nationality --- p.48 / Nationality of Corporations --- p.48 / Transnational Actors --- p.49 / Chapter 3.2.2. --- Home State Lacks Incentives to Regulate Transnational Anticompetitive Activities --- p.52 / State's Incentive to Regulate --- p.52 / Example: Export Cartel Exemption in the United States --- p.54 / Chapter 3.3. --- Territorial Connection in Extraterritorial Cases in Competition Law --- p.56 / Chapter 3.3.1. --- Establish A Territorial Connection Through Subsidiary --- p.56 / Parent & Subsidiary --- p.56 / Dyestuff Case --- p.59 / Chapter 3.3.2. --- Implementation Principle in the European Union --- p.59 / Woodpulp case --- p.59 / Relationship between Implementation Principle & Effect principle --- p.61 / Chapter 3.4. --- Development of Effect Principle --- p.61 / Chapter 3.4.1. --- Effect on Domestic Commerce --- p.63 / Foreign Trade Antitrust Improvements Act --- p.63 / Chapter 3.4.2. --- Effect on Export --- p.64 / Footnote 159 --- p.64 / Effect on Export --- p.65 / Chapter 3.4.3. --- "Direct, Substantial & Reasonably Foreseeable Effect" --- p.67 / "The Application of The Direct, Substantial and Reasonably Foreseeable Effect" --- p.67 / Direct Effect --- p.68 / Substantial Effect --- p.70 / Reasonably Foreseeable Effect --- p.70 / Chapter 3.5. --- Conclusion --- p.71 / Chapter Chapter IV. --- Aftermaths of Extraterritorial jurisdiction --- p.73 / Chapter 4.1 --- Inefficient Enforcement --- p.73 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Extraterritorial Enforcement Practice --- p.73 / The Grey Area --- p.75 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Conflicts caused by Extraterritorial Jurisdiction: Uranium Litigation --- p.76 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- Response to Extraterritorial Jurisdiction: Blocking Statutes --- p.77 / Discovery-blocking statutes --- p.77 / Judgment blocking statutes --- p.79 / Clawback provision --- p.79 / Chapter 4.1.4 --- Application of Blocking Statutes: Laker Airway Litigation --- p.80 / Chapter 4.2 --- Concurrent jurisdiction --- p.81 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Introduction --- p.81 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Multinational Merger Control --- p.83 / The Characteristics of Merger Control --- p.83 / Example I: Boeing case --- p.84 / Example II: GE/Honeywell Merger case --- p.85 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Problems with Concurrent Jurisdiction --- p.85 / Transaction Cost --- p.85 / Conflict and Bias --- p.87 / Chapter 4.3 --- Global welfare --- p.87 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Different Competition Laws in Different States --- p.87 / Reexamining GE/Honeywell case --- p.87 / Are differences between substantive competition laws avoidable? --- p.88 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Discrepancy between National Optimum and Global Optimum --- p.89 / Strict law wins --- p.39 / Definition of Efficiency in Economics --- p.90 / Chapter 4.4 --- Conclusion --- p.91 / Chapter Chapter V. --- Transnational Regulatory Modes --- p.93 / Chapter 5.1.1. --- Auxiliary mode based on Comity: EU-US Cooperation --- p.96 / US' Experience in Bilateral Cooperation --- p.96 / Positive Comity --- p.97 / Development of Positive Comity --- p.98 / Chapter 5.1.2. --- Auxiliary mode Based on Harmonization: Cooperation between Australia and New Zealand --- p.100 / Harmonization in Substantive Rules --- p.100 / Bilateral Jurisdiction --- p.101 / Chapter 5.1.3. --- The Role played by International Organizations --- p.102 / Characteristics of OECD --- p.102 / Promoting Convergence of Substantive Rules --- p.102 / Promoting Cooperation Between States --- p.103 / Chapter 5.1.4. --- Appraisal and Limits --- p.104 / Chapter 5.2 --- Supplementary mode --- p.105 / Chapter 5.2.1. --- Relationship between Trade Law and Competition Law --- p.106 / Compatibility --- p.106 / Differences --- p.107 / Chapter 5.2.2. --- "WTO,s role in promoting the adoption of Competition law" --- p.108 / Characteristics of Competition Rules in WTO --- p.109 / Promote the Adoption of Competition Law --- p.109 / Chapter 5.2.3. --- WTO's Role in Mitigating Distorting Effect Resulting from State Interest --- p.110 / Obliging States to Implement Competition Law in A Just Way --- p.110 / Remedy for Improper Implementation of Competition Law --- p.111 / Chapter 5.2.4. --- WTO's role in Regulating States' Behavior That May Have An Anticompetitive Effect --- p.111 / Safeguard Agreement --- p.112 / The Kodak-Fuji Film case --- p.112 / Chapter 5.3 --- Alternative mode --- p.113 / Chapter 5.3.1. --- Two Aspects of Common Market --- p.115 / The Internal Aspect of Common Market --- p.115 / The External Aspect of Common Market --- p.116 / Chapter 5.3.2. --- Harmonization in Substantive Competition Law --- p.116 / The Status of the Agreement --- p.116 / Competition law of Member States --- p.117 / Chapter 5.3.3. --- Supranational Institution --- p.117 / The Function of a Supranational Institution --- p.117 / The Jurisdiction of Supranational Institution --- p.118 / Chapter 5.3.4. --- Alternative mode at the Global Level --- p.119 / Past Efforts to Create an Alternative mode --- p.119 / Criticism on international competition law --- p.120 / Chapter Chapter VI. --- Conclusion --- p.122 / Chapter 6.1. --- Legitimacy of Extraterritorial Jurisdiction in Competition Law --- p.122 / Chapter 6.1.1. --- A Refined Doctrine of Jurisdiction --- p.122 / Demise of Territoriality --- p.122 / The Close Connection Theory --- p.123 / Chapter 6.1.2. --- Extraterritorial Jurisdiction on Competition Law --- p.125 / Effect as a Close Connection --- p.125 / Reasonableness of Effect Principle --- p.127 / Territoriality and Democracy Concern --- p.128 / Chapter 6.2. --- Sufficiency of Extraterritorial Jurisdiction in Competition Law --- p.130 / Chapter 6.2.1. --- Inadequacies of Extraterritorial Jurisdiction in Competition Law --- p.130 / State as a Regulator in Globalization --- p.132 / Inadequacies of Extraterritorial Jurisdiction in Competition Law --- p.133 / Chapter 6.2.2. --- Three Regulatory Modes in International Competition Law --- p.134 / Types of Transnational Regulatory Modes --- p.134 / Implication of the Three Modes --- p.136 / Conclusion --- p.138 / Bibliography --- p.141

Which political entities have personality in international law? ‘States’ is an inadequate answer. Historically, the term has not always designated a stable, legally meaningful category of entities, nor have states been the sole political entities with rights and duties. Moreover – contrary to traditional views – there is more than one means of acquiring statehood, with the consequence that not all states are alike in legal terms. This thesis offers an explanation of the personality of states and other political entities that takes this complexity into account. The first chapter of the thesis presents a definition of the personality of political entities. The definition draws on W N Hohfeld’s approach to rights and duties and requires a person to have at least one right or duty in his sense. This emphasises that personality is primarily about conduct: international law regulates conduct by persons towards other persons. Chapter 2 investigates the personality of political entities before the twentieth century, focusing on the question of what differences existed between Western states and the empires, chiefdoms, and other political entities found elsewhere in the world. This question was significant for the emergence of a stable concept of statehood. Chapter 3 examines the general rules about statehood. It rejects both the view that statehood always depends on criteria of effectiveness and the view that statehood always depends on recognition. The most persuasive view is that statehood can be acquired either by effectiveness or by recognition (with some qualifications: notably, recognition may create statehood relative only to some other states). This explains, among other things, how states can survive extended periods of anarchy. Chapter 4 deals with exceptions to the general rules, showing that recognition usually cannot be used to breach an existing state’s territorial integrity and that the role of peremptory norms must be reassessed in light of the existence of two alternative means of acquiring statehood. The final chapter concerns the possibility that political entities may have personality short of statehood.