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The history of confrontation and cooperation between Iran and Israel is a volatile sequence. With the transformative impact of the 1979 Iranian Revolution on Iranian leadership and ideology, as well as Israel’s metamorphosis from a newly independent state to a regional rival, there is much to unpack in this relationship. From regime changes to nationalistic awakenings, Iran and Israel’s conflict is comprised of infinite layers brimming with historical and political implications. For the past 70 years, Iran and Israel’s diplomatic relationship has encountered numerous shifts, thus forming an axis of hostility, regional contention, and damaging rhetoric. This research analyzes the Iranian-Israeli dynamic through the lenses of foundational ideologies backing both countries, regional rivalries and vulnerabilities, and finally, leadership choices and personalities. The research at hand holds political significance, as both states exhibit intense animosities incomparable to previous conflicts in the Middle East. As Iran and Israel lash out against one another, the international community has eyed this conflict as one of the largest hindrances to peace in the Middle East. Therefore, this study is concerned with analyzing failures and obstacles in this notoriously ambiguous duo.

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<p> This dissertation examines the reasons why low- and middle-income countries adopt financial inclusion policy and regulation. It does so starting with a quantitative model and ending with a comparative case study of the India and Mexico contexts. The quantitative model finds evidence that financial inclusion policy and regulation follows a state&rsquo;s capacity and a state&rsquo;s engagement with international organizations and peer states. The case of Mexico complicates these findings, challenging the causal direction of engagement with international organizations&mdash;Mexico uses international organizations both to emphasize the importance of financial inclusion policy and regulation within the country and to champion its position in the international community. The outlier case of India shows the prioritization of social inclusion at its extreme, displaying the role a social inclusion framework played even decades ago in creating a more inclusive banking sector. The dissertation concludes by articulating a road map for future scholarship, building on practitioner and international organization enthusiasm for the topic.</p>

<p> Given economic and societal shifts towards globalization, the need to develop effective global leaders is well documented. This thesis explored the development of a prototype instrument for use in global leadership classes or training to assess and/or develop the competencies and decision-making abilities associated with effective global leadership. The format of the instrument was a hybrid of situational judgment tests (SJTs) and culture assimilators and its content was drawn from a real life critical incident as recounted by an expert global leader during an interview using cognitive task analysis techniques. The interview was part of qualitative research that investigated expert cognition displayed by exceptional global leaders.</p><p> The thesis included a literature review of global leadership research to identify the general competencies, intercultural competencies, and cognitive proficiency of effective global leaders that would serve as a foundation for the domains to be assessed and developed. SJTs and culture assimilators were discussed as format examples for constructing the instrument. The process of creating and refining the tool was then reviewed, which included developing the questions and answers, conducting pre-tests, gathering feedback from subject matter experts, and conducting a content analysis to ensure global leadership and intercultural competencies were addressed. Data collected during the course of development were presented and discussed.</p><p> Step-by-step instructions (that included potential improvements to the process experimented with to date) were included to guide others in future development. An abridged sample of the instrument was provided.</p>