Magister Economicae - MEcon / Throughout its development, trade has been regarded as a vital component of economic growth and development. Both theoretical and empirical studies consider international trade to be a major determinant of the growth of any economy. International trade in services has been rising ever since trade in services was incorporated into international trade agreements after the Uruguay Round of trade negotiations in 1994. This, coupled with the ever-improving state of technological innovation, has made services trade an important aspect of the development agenda of most countries. However, just like any other endeavour, offshoring of services has both opportunities as well as threats. The study examines two research questions relating to the growth-enhancing impact of South Africa’s exports and imports of services. Firstly, the study examines the contribution of services exports to economic growth in South Africa. Secondly, the study determines the impact that imported services has had on South Africa’s economic growth. In spite of the global rise of trade in services, South Africa’s export of services accounts for only 14 percent of total exports, while the import of services constitutes 20 percent of total imports. Using quarterly time series data for the period 1980 to 2012, the study adopts the ordinary least squares method to estimate the contribution of both exports and imports to output expansion within an aggregation production function setup. The empirical results show that the export of services influences influence South Africa’s economic growth significantly in both the long-run and the short-run. While the relationship is positive in the long-run, it is negative in the short-run. The results also indicate that the import of services significantly and positively affects real output growth in both the long-run and the short-run.

Pasaulyje vyksta aktyvūs procesai dėl eksporto politikos skatinimo, investicijų, didesnio prekių ir paslaugų mainų balanso, inovacijų pritraukimo, t.y. veiksnių sąlygojančių ekonominio vystymosi tempus, vis svarbesnį vaidmenį priskiriant tarptautinei prekybai paslaugomis. Darbo aktualumas siejamas su neišnaudotu paslaugų augimo potencialu tarptautinėje prekyboje, kuris suteikia galimybes paslaugų sektoriui gauti didesnę pelno normą ir pritraukia kapitalą bei darbo jėgą iš tradicinių veiklų įmonių, todėl paslaugų plėtra turėtų išlikti pagrindiniu ekonominių ir socialinių permainų katalizatoriumi. Tyrimo tikslas– išryškinti tarptautinės prekybos paslaugomis teorinius aspektus ir pagrįsti plėtros tendencijas Lietuvoje. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Išanalizuoti pagrindinius paslaugų klasifikavimo principus, atskleidžiant paslaugų plėtros tendencijas, barjerus ir ES Paslaugų direktyvos svarbą plėtros procesams; 2. Remiantis sudarytu tiriamuoju tarptautinės prekybos paslaugomis modeliu, atlikti tarptautinės prekybos paslaugomis plėtros Lietuvos atžvilgiu, tyrimą ir pristatyti ekspertų nuomonių apklausos rezultatus; 3. Parengti tarptautinės prekybos paslaugomis plėtros Lietuvoje prognozės, apibrėžiant galimybes, kliūtis ir pagrindžiant plėtros tendencijas. Tyrimo metodai: mokslinės literatūros analizė, statistinių duomenų analizė, lyginamoji analizė, anketinė apklausa, prognozavimas. Tyrimu atskleista, kad tarptautinės prekybos paslaugomis tendencijas tikslinga vertinti pagal suteikiamų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / International trade in services grown significantly, yet little research has been undertaken to understand international services. Major features of services have much in common with other services, being, however, more closely related to country’s economy. The actuality of the study is related to the potential of increase of services in domestic market in hand which gives possibilities to service sector get higher rate of profit and attracts capital and labour force from enterprises of traditional activity, therefore the development of services should remain the main catalyst of economical and social changes. The goal of the work – to highlight the theoretical aspects of international trade in services and foresee the main tendencies of Lithuanian international trade in services. Tasks are presented: 1. Analyze the main types of International services classification and exploring tendencies of development, to set barriers and instruments of regulation EU Services Directive. 2. According to holistic model of evaluation of development of international trade in services, to make research of Lithuanian International trade in services and set the results form experts’ survey. 3. Forecasts the development tendencies of Lithuanian International trade in services, barriers and propose possibilities. Methods of investigation: referring to the studies of foreign and Lithuanian scientists, analysis and synthesis of literature, survey of experts, forecasting methods. The study... [to full text]

Submitted by JOAO PEREIRA (joao_unesp@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-04-03T19:17:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_JoaoPereira_Estimacao_de_Equivalentes_Tarifarios_V8.docx: 665618 bytes, checksum: a590c601a6199cc094873e3b92e43f0c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Joana Martorini (joana.martorini@fgv.br) on 2017-04-03T19:27:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_JoaoPereira_Estimacao_de_Equivalentes_Tarifarios_V8.docx: 665618 bytes, checksum: a590c601a6199cc094873e3b92e43f0c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-04T12:11:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_JoaoPereira_Estimacao_de_Equivalentes_Tarifarios_V8.docx: 665618 bytes, checksum: a590c601a6199cc094873e3b92e43f0c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-17 / Services account for more than 70% of total production in the world economy. However, international trade in this sector represents only 21% of total world trade. Literature suggests major impediments to further expansion of international trade in services are barriers imposed by countries. Based on Fontagné et al (2011), this study measures tariff equivalents for 14 types of services using a self-constructed database for the years of 2004, 2007 and 2011. Results suggest that developed countries such as Germany, United States, and Ireland present the lowest tariff equivalents while developing countries such as Laos, Togo, Rwanda, Malawi and Namibia charge the highest tariffs. Also, we find evidence that service barriers have been falling over time, for sectors and countries. / O setor de serviços possui uma participação superior a 70% do total produzido na economia mundial. Entretanto, no comércio mundial apenas 21% do total transacionado é no setor de serviços. A literatura aponta que um grande impeditivo a uma maior expansão do comércio internacional nesse setor são as barreiras regulatórias impostas pelos países. Baseado no trabalho de Fontagné et al (2011), calculam-se os equivalentes tarifários para 14 tipos de serviços transacionados mundialmente utilizando uma base de dados inédita retirada do GTAP para os anos de 2004, 2007 e 2011. Os resultados indicam que países desenvolvidos, como Alemanha, Estados Unidos, e Irlanda apresentam os menores equivalentes tarifários, enquanto que países em desenvolvimento, como Laos, Togo, Ruanda, Malawi e Namíbia apresentam as maiores barreiras. Mais ainda, as barreiras tarifárias veem caindo ao longo do tempo, tanto intra setores quanto intra países.