Genetic Algorithms (GAs) are search algorithms inspired by genetics and natural selection, and have been used to solve difficult problems in many disciplines, including modelling, control systems and automation. GAs are generally able to find good solutions in reasonable time, however as they are applied to larger and harder problems they are very demanding in terms of computation time and memory. The Internet is the most powerful parallel and distributed computation environment in the world, and the idle cycles and memories of computers on the Internet have been increasingly recognized as a huge untapped source of computation power. By combining Internet computing and GAs, this dissertation provides a framework for Internet-based parallel and distributed GAs that gives scientists and engineers an easy and affordable way to solve hard real world problems. Developing parallel computation applications on the Internet is quite unlike developing applications in traditional parallel computation environments, such as multiprocessor systems and clusters. This is because the Internet is different in many respects, such as communication overhead, heterogeneity and volatility. To develop an Internet-based GA, we need to understand the implication of these differences. For this purpose, a convergence model for heterogenous and volatile networks is presented and used in experiments that study GA performance and robustness in Internet-like scenarios. The main outcome of this research is an Internet-based distributed GA framework called G2DGA. G2DGA is an island model distributed GA, which can provide support for big populations needed to solve many real world problems. G2DGA uses a novel hybrid peer-to-peer (P2P) design with island node activity coordinated by supervisor nodes that offer a global overview of the GA search state. Compared to client/server approaches, the P2P architecture improves scalability and fault tolerance by allowing direct communication between the islands and avoiding single-point-of-failure situations. One of the defining characteristics of Internet computing is the dynamics and volatility of the environment, and a parallel and distributed GA that does not adapt to its environment cannot use the available resources efficiently. Two novel adaptive methods are investigated. The first method is migration topology adaptation, which uses clustering on elite individuals from each island to rebuild the migration topology. Experiments with the migration topology adapter show that it gives G2DGA better performance than a GA with static migration topology of a similar or larger connectivity level. The second method is population size adaptation, which automatically finds the number of islands and island population sizes needed to solve a given problem efficiently. Experiments on the population size adapter show that it is robust, and compares favourably with the traditional trial-and-error approach in terms of computational effort and solution quality. The scalability and robustness of G2DGA has been extensively tested in network scenarios of varying volatility and heterogeneity. Experiments with up to 60 computers were conducted in computer laboratories, while more complex network scenarios have been studied in an Internet simulator. In the experiments, G2DGA consistently performs as well as, and usually significantly better than, static distributed GAs and the difference grows larger with increased network instability. The results show that G2DGA, by continuously adjusting the migration policy and the population size, can detect and make efficient use of idle cycles donated over volatile Internet connections. To demonstrate that G2DGA can be used to implement and solve real world problems, a challenging application in VLSI design was developed and used in the testing of the framework. The application is a multi-layer floorplanner, which uses a novel GA representation and operators based on a slicing structure approach. Its packing quality compares favourably with other multi-layer floorplanners found in the literature. Internet-based distributed GA research is exciting and important since it enables GAs to be applied to problem areas where resource limitations make traditional approaches unworkable. G2DGA provides a scalable and robust Internet-based distributed GA framework that can serve as a foundation for future work in the field.

Submitted by Biblioteca Central (biblioteca@unicap.br) on 2018-10-10T18:30:04Z No. of bitstreams: 2 cecilia_morais_dantas.pdf: 3101216 bytes, checksum: 6557a4f522478e7f98a09f32800ad963 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-10T18:30:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 cecilia_morais_dantas.pdf: 3101216 bytes, checksum: 6557a4f522478e7f98a09f32800ad963 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-07-18 / The interest in the present work "school research conducted on the Web by primary and secondary school students" was driven by several concerns: What questions, purposes and guidelines do they have when using the Web for research? What paths do they travel on the Web? Do these paths aim at the construction or reproduction of knowledge? The general objective was to investigate how public school students research on the web, specifically, in the Portuguese Language subject. The research was a comparative study of cases to compare the intentional actions carried out by the subjects when they do content research on the web and their cognitive elaborations at different times of school years. For data collection, we used direct observation and semi-structured or unadjusted interview, when the researcher was guided by the observed actions. The research was on-site, where subjects made more use of the internet for school research. In the theoretical basis, precepts were used on school research as a process and everyday attitude with Demo (1994, 1996, 2000, 2001) and Padilha (2006); the purposes of reading with Solé (1998); reading on-line and browsing with Coscarelli (2014, 2016), and others. Through the observation and analysis of the two meetings with the GRAT participant, from the 9th year of elementary school, it was possible to reflect on how fragile and incomplete the understanding of the act of "researching" in the participant was inserted and the participant did not carry out a school search, but a query with literal reproduction. And, the RGSA participant, from the 3rd year of high school, showed a certain maturity and development, since it established initial questions, pursued research purposes and had autonomy for the daily attitude of the research. However, both GRAT and RGSA were not involved in school research as an ongoing, critical and constructive process to be mediated by the school in fulfillment of its role. This work is extremely important because its results will contribute significantly in the systematization of teaching practices for school research. / O interesse pelo presente trabalho “pesquisa escolar realizada na Web por estudantes do Ensino Fundamental e Médio” foi impulsionado por várias inquietações: Que questionamentos, propósitos e orientações eles possuem ao usar a Web para pesquisar? Que caminhos eles percorrem na Web? Esses caminhos visam à construção ou à reprodução do conhecimento? O objetivo geral foi investigar como estudantes de escolas públicas pesquisam na Web, especificamente, na disciplina de Língua Portuguesa. A pesquisa foi um estudo comparativo de casos para que pudessem ser observadas as ações intencionais realizadas pelos sujeitos, ao fazer uma pesquisa de conteúdos na Web, e as elaborações cognitivas deles em momentos diferentes de sua escolaridade. Para coleta de dados, utilizou-se da observação direta e da entrevista semiestruturada ou despadronizada, onde a pesquisadora se guiou pelas ações observadas. O local da pesquisa foi in loco, onde os sujeitos fizessem mais uso da Internet para pesquisas escolares. Na fundamentação teórica, foram usados preceitos sobre a pesquisa escolar como processo e atitude cotidiana com Demo (1994, 1996, 2000, 2001) e com Padilha (2006); os propósitos da leitura com Solé (1998); a leitura on-line e a navegação com Coscarelli (2014, 2016) e outros. Através da observação e análise dos dois encontros com a participante GRAT, do 9º ano do ensino fundamental, foi possível refletir sobre quão frágeis e lacunosos estavam as ações e o entendimento do ato de pesquisar em que a participante estava inserida, uma vez que, não houve, de fato, a realização de uma pesquisa escolar visando à construção do conhecimento, mas houve uma consulta com reprodução literal do que havia na Web. Diferentemente de GRAT, a participante RGSA, do 3º do ensino médio, estabeleceu questionamentos iniciais, perseguiu propósitos da pesquisa e possuiu autonomia para atitude cotidiana da pesquisa. Este trabalho foi de extrema importância, pois seus resultados colaborarão significativamente na sistematização de práticas de ensino para a pesquisa escolar.

Esta dissertação reflete sobre a evangelização, apelo à liberdade para a conversão ao Evangelho e um compromisso com o próximo, razão de ser e missão central do cristianismo, seus fundamentos e seu desenvolvimento no Brasil e os principais desafios que a Igreja tem enfrentado neste processo. Entre os desafios - e oportunidades - apresenta-se a internet, rede de computadores vastamente utilizada como meio de comunicação que chega a formar um novo ambiente intermediado pela tecnologia e de fronteira porosa que invade o espaço de convivência dos seres humanos, acarretando grandes transformações e determinando um novo estilo de pensar, agir, perceber, falar, criando e mantendo novos sujeitos, transformando o modo como as pessoas se relacionam. Descreve-se essa rede social, então, apresentando as suas principais características, a partir do recorte dos espaços virtuais de maior movimento no Brasil na atualidade, e se busca detectar a abertura para a transcendência que surge nesses ambientes, bem como as exigências de novas linguagens e atitudes da Igreja para se comunicar adequadamente nesse campo. Na agenda das questões acerca da evangelização, a temática da internet já ocupa um lugar de destaque, pelos desafios que suscita ao modo de se organizar e de falar das comunidades eclesiais, mas sobretudo pela oportunidade teológica de escutar o mistério da Palavra se comunicando entre e além dos internautas em suas redes virtuais. Para circunscrever essa nova mística, através da pesquisa bibliográfica, a dissertação percorre os principais documentos emitidos pelo Magistério da Igreja e também as obras de autores renomados como: João Batista Libanio, Mário de França Miranda e Antonio Spadaro, procurando saber como a Igreja tem se posicionado em relação a esse novo ambiente e verificando as principais tensões surgidas, como a Igreja as enfrenta e quais os resultados alcançados, que sugestões pastorais e teológicas podem ser levantadas para a evangelização contemporânea. / This dissertation reflects on evangelization, the call for freedom for conversion to the Gospel and a commitment to the neighbor, the reason and central mission of Christianity, its foundations and its development in Brazil and the main challenges that the Church has faced in this process. Among the challenges - and opportunities - is the Internet, a computer network widely used as a means of communication that comes to form of a new environment mediated by technology with a porous frontier that invades the space of human beings coexisting, leading to great transformations and determining a new style of thinking, acting, perceiving, speaking, creating and keeping new subjects, transforming the way people relate. This social network is described, then, presenting its main characteristics, from the cut of the virtual spaces of greater movement in Brazil at present, and seeks to detect the openness to the transcendence that arises in these environments, as well as the requirements of new Languages and attitudes of the Church to communicate adequately in this field. In the agenda of questions about evangelization, the internets thematic already occupies a prominent place, because of the challenges it poses in organizing and speaking about ecclesial communities, but above all in the theological opportunity to listen to the mystery of the Word by communicating between and besides the internet user in their virtual networks. In order to circumscribe this new mystique, through the bibliographical research, the dissertation covers the main documents issued by the Magisterium of the Church and also the works of renowned authors such as: João Batista Libanio, Mário de França Miranda and Antonio Spadaro, seeking to know how the Church has positioned itself in relation to this new environment and checking the main tensions that have arisen, how the Church confronts them and what results have been achieved, what pastoral and theological suggestions can be made for contemporary evangelization.

Submitted by Biblioteca Central (biblioteca@unicap.br) on 2018-06-13T18:38:43Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Ok_davi_daniel_barbosa.pdf: 917786 bytes, checksum: c4b03fe64994260daeecf82f4f8995f8 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-13T18:38:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Ok_davi_daniel_barbosa.pdf: 917786 bytes, checksum: c4b03fe64994260daeecf82f4f8995f8 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-18 / This dissertation reflects on evangelization, the call for freedom for conversion to the Gospel and a commitment to the neighbor, the reason and central mission of Christianity, its foundations and its development in Brazil and the main challenges that the Church has faced in this process. Among the challenges - and opportunities - is the Internet, a computer network widely used as a means of communication that comes to form of a new environment mediated by technology with a porous frontier that invades the space of human beings coexisting, leading to great transformations and determining a new style of thinking, acting, perceiving, speaking, creating and keeping new subjects, transforming the way people relate. This social network is described, then, presenting its main characteristics, from the cut of the virtual spaces of greater movement in Brazil at present, and seeks to detect the openness to the transcendence that arises in these environments, as well as the requirements of new Languages and attitudes of the Church to communicate adequately in this field. In the agenda of questions about evangelization, the internet’s thematic already occupies a prominent place, because of the challenges it poses in organizing and speaking about ecclesial communities, but above all in the theological opportunity to listen to the mystery of the Word by communicating between and besides the internet user in their virtual networks. In order to circumscribe this new mystique, through the bibliographical research, the dissertation covers the main documents issued by the Magisterium of the Church and also the works of renowned authors such as: João Batista Libanio, Mário de França Miranda and Antonio Spadaro, seeking to know how the Church has positioned itself in relation to this new environment and checking the main tensions that have arisen, how the Church confronts them and what results have been achieved, what pastoral and theological suggestions can be made for contemporary evangelization. / Esta dissertação reflete sobre a evangelização, apelo à liberdade para a conversão ao Evangelho e um compromisso com o próximo, razão de ser e missão central do cristianismo, seus fundamentos e seu desenvolvimento no Brasil e os principais desafios que a Igreja tem enfrentado neste processo. Entre os desafios - e oportunidades - apresenta-se a internet, rede de computadores vastamente utilizada como meio de comunicação que chega a formar um novo ambiente intermediado pela tecnologia e de fronteira porosa que invade o espaço de convivência dos seres humanos, acarretando grandes transformações e determinando um novo estilo de pensar, agir, perceber, falar, criando e mantendo novos sujeitos, transformando o modo como as pessoas se relacionam. Descreve-se essa rede social, então, apresentando as suas principais características, a partir do recorte dos espaços virtuais de maior movimento no Brasil na atualidade, e se busca detectar a abertura para a transcendência que surge nesses ambientes, bem como as exigências de novas linguagens e atitudes da Igreja para se comunicar adequadamente nesse campo. Na agenda das questões acerca da evangelização, a temática da internet já ocupa um lugar de destaque, pelos desafios que suscita ao modo de se organizar e de falar das comunidades eclesiais, mas sobretudo pela oportunidade teológica de escutar o mistério da Palavra se comunicando entre e além dos internautas em suas redes virtuais. Para circunscrever essa nova mística, através da pesquisa bibliográfica, a dissertação percorre os principais documentos emitidos pelo Magistério da Igreja e também as obras de autores renomados como: João Batista Libanio, Mário de França Miranda e Antonio Spadaro, procurando saber como a Igreja tem se posicionado em relação a esse novo ambiente e verificando as principais tensões surgidas, como a Igreja as enfrenta e quais os resultados alcançados, que sugestões pastorais e teológicas podem ser levantadas para a evangelização contemporânea.