[pt] Os desafios acerca do desenvolvimento sustentável impulsionam medidas governamentais e incentivos a empresas que investem em soluções nessa direção. Alinhado a isso, no que se refere ao setor do transporte rodoviário de cargas, os avanços em tecnologia permitem a gestão de frotas eficiente e a maximização dos lucros de empreendedores do setor. A Internet das Coisas é um meio pelo qual é possível se definir indicadores que auxiliam a operação eficiente das empresas e que possibilitam a análise mais precisa de pegada ambiental em diferentes níveis: desde a escala micro, que compreende o veículo e a empresa, até a escala macro, que compreende o setor de transporte de cargas do país. Esse estudo busca levantar indicadores operacionais e ambientais possíveis de serem desenvolvidos a partir de um estudo de caso em que são fornecidos dados enviados de um veículo e seus componentes conectados à internet. / [en] The challenges upon sustainable development drive government actions and incentives to companies that invest in solutions in this direction. In line with this, with regard to the road freight transport sector, advances in technology allow the efficient fleet management and the maximization of entrepreneurs profit. The Internet of Things is a modern mean by which it is possible to define indicators that help the efficient operation of companies and that allow the more accurate analysis of the environmental footprint at different levels: from the micro scale, which comprises the vehicle and the company, to the macro scale, which comprises the country s freight sector. The environment conservation is one of the pillars of sustainability s concept. A development is considered sustainable when it takes into account social, ecological and economic factors (IUCN, 1980). The warranty of economic interest and reduction of environmental impacts caused by the freight transport sector is relevant to the evolution of the logistics in this direction. The concept of logistics is the activity that manages materials and products evolving, beyond other activities, purchasing, transport, distribution, movement, storage and packing. The part of logistics that consider the aspects and impacts caused by its activities is called Green Logistics or Ecologistics (Donato, 2008). The freight transport is one of the most fast-growing sectors in terms of energy consumption and emissions in Brazil (World Bank, 2011a). According to estimations this sector can be emitting 60 percent more CO2 in 2020 than it had in 2009, of which 36 percent from trucking, 13 percent from buses, 40 percent from passenger cars and 3 percent from motocycles (MMA, 2011). There s an interest towards the carbon emission s growing rates from freight transport. Reducing unnecessary travels without impacting the economic growth is one of the fundamental ways to reduce the intensity of emissions (World Bank, 2011b).

Yes / Internet of Things (IoT) platforms are responsible for overall data processing in the IoT System. This ranges from analytics and big data processing to gathering all sensor data over time to analyze and produce long-term trends. However, this comes with prohibitively high demand for resources such as memory, computing power and bandwidth, which the highly resource constrained IoT devices lack to send data to the platforms to achieve efficient operations. This results in poor availability and risk of data loss due to single point of failure should the cloud platforms suffer attacks. The integrity of the data can also be compromised by an insider, such as a malicious system administrator, without leaving traces of their actions. To address these issues, we propose in this work an edge-based blockchain enabled anomaly detection technique to prevent insider attacks in IoT. The technique first employs the power of edge computing to reduce the latency and bandwidth requirements by taking processing closer to the IoT nodes, hence improving availability, and avoiding single point of failure. It then leverages some aspect of sequence-based anomaly detection, while integrating distributed edge with blockchain that offers smart contracts to perform detection and correction of abnormalities in incoming sensor data. Evaluation of our technique using real IoT system datasets showed that the technique remarkably achieved the intended purpose, while ensuring integrity and availability of the data which is critical to IoT success. / Petroleum Technology Development Fund(PTDF) Nigeria, Grant/Award Number:PTDF/ED/PHD/TYM/858/16

The Internet of Things (IoT) concept has been realised with the advent of Machineto-Machine (M2M) communication through which the vision of future Internet has been revolutionised. IPv6 over Low power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPAN) provides feasible IPv6 connectivity to previously isolated environments, e.g. wireless M2M sensors and actuator networks. This thesis's contributions include a novel mathematical model, energy-efficient algorithms, and a centralised software controller for dynamic consolidation of programmability features in cloud-based M2M networks. A new generalised joint mathematical model has been proposed for performance analysis of the 6LoWPAN MAC and PHY layers. The proposed model differs from existing analytical models as it precisely adopts the 6LoWPAN specifications introduced by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) working group. The proposed approach is based on Markov chain modelling and validated through Monte-Carlo simulation. In addition, an intelligent mechanism has been proposed for optimal 6LoWPAN MAC layer parameters set selection. The proposed mechanism depends on Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Genetic Algorithm (GA), and Particles Swarm Optimisation (PSO). Simulation results show that utilising the optimal MAC parameters improve the 6LoWPAN network throughput by 52-63% and reduce end-to-end delay by 54-65%. This thesis focuses on energy-efficient data extraction and dissemination in a wireless M2M sensor network based on 6LoWPAN. A new scalable and self-organised clustering technique with a smart sleep scheduler has been proposed for prolonging M2M network's lifetime and enhancing network connectivity. These solutions succeed in overcoming performance degradation and unbalanced energy consumption problems in homogeneous and heterogeneous sensor networks. Simulation results show that by adopting the proposed schemes in multiple mobile sink sensory field will improve the total aggregated packets by 38-167% and extend network lifetime by 30-78%. Proof-of-concept real-time hardware testbed experiments are used to verify the effectiveness of Software-Defined Networking (SDN), Network Function Virtualisation (NFV) and cloud computing on a 6LoWPAN network. The implemented testbed is based on open standards development boards (i.e. Arduino), with one sink, which is the M2M 6LoWPAN gateway, where the network coordinator and the customised SDN controller operated. Experimental results indicate that the proposed approach reduces network discovery time by 60% and extends the node lifetime by 65% in comparison with the traditional 6LoWPAN network. Finally, the thesis is concluded with an overall picture of the research conducted and some suggestions for future work.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2017-04-20T13:56:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Armando Leopoldo Keller_.pdf: 2124143 bytes, checksum: ba23113da63873463958e38c05ddbd88 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-20T13:56:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Armando Leopoldo Keller_.pdf: 2124143 bytes, checksum: ba23113da63873463958e38c05ddbd88 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-01-13 / Nenhuma / O objetivo deste trabalho, é realizar um estudo de forma mais abrangente sobre o conceito de Internet das Coisas e seus principais protocolos. Explora-se especificamente o conceito de IoT (Internet of Things) aplicado em sistemas de automação. Para tanto é apresentada uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o assunto, explorando os diversos protocolos desenvolvidos para aplicações de IoT, caracterizando-os quanto a taxa de transmissão, eficiência, segurança e confiabilidade. Também é realizado um levantamento do cenário atual, quanto a aplicação de protocolos de IoT em sistemas de automação, sempre tendo em mente a confiabilidade do sistema. Percebe-se que um grande dificultador do uso destes tipos de protocolo em ambientes industriais é justamente a heterogeneidade das redes existentes. Diante deste problema, a proposta do trabalho é desenvolver um dispositivo que atue como middleware para a interligação de redes de automação distribuídas, no caso especificamente a rede Modbus RTU, fazendo com que esta interligação seja de forma transparente utilizando o protocolo de Internet das Coisas MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport). Este dispositivo é testado com equipamentos em um cenário real através de um estudo de caso, onde duas redes Modbus RTU de um sistema geograficamente distribuído de geração de energia solar fotovoltaica, são interligadas, permitindo a criação de uma planta virtual de geração de energia do inglês virtual power plant (VPP). Com isso é possível tratar e gerenciar os sistemas distribuídos de geração como sendo uma única unidade geradora, facilitando o despacho. Para comprovar a eficiência e a confiabilidade do sistema, foram realizados testes onde o tempo entre as requisições e respostas foi medido, e através da sua distribuição foi obtido um tempo de 2,5 segundos para obter uma comunicação com baixa taxa de perda de mensagens. Estes testes comprovam o correto funcionamento do sistema proposto. / The objective of this work is to develop a more comprehensive study on the concept of Internet of Things (IoT) and its main protocols, specifically exploring the concept of IoT applied in automation systems. A bibliographic review explores the diverse protocols developed for IoT applications, characterizing them as transmission rate, efficiency, safety and confiability. A survey of the current scenario about the application of IoT protocols in automation systems is presented, always having the system confiability in mind. The heterogenity of the existent networks makes the use of this protocols a harder task. The proposal of this work is develop a device that acts as middleware for interlink distributed automation networks, in this case the Modbus RTU networks, in a transparent way using the internet of things procol MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport). This device is tested with equipments in a real scenario trough a case study, where two Modbus RTU networks of a geographically distributed solar photovoltaic power plant, is interlinked, allowing the criation of a VPP (Virtual Power Plant). This makes possible to manage the distributed power generator systems as a single generator unit, improving the electric energy dispatch. To prove the efficiency and confiability of the system, tests were made where the time between request and response was mensured, and based on his distribution the time of 2.5 seconds was determined to have a low message loss communication. Those tests validate the proposed system and the achievement of the goals of the present work.

[pt] O crescimento da Internet das Coisas (IoT) nos trouxe a oportunidade de criar aplicações em diversas áreas com o uso de sensores e atuadores. Um dos problemas encontrados em sistemas de IoT é a dificuldade de adicionar relações semânticas aos dados brutos produzidos por estes sensores e conseguir inferir novos fatos a partir destas relações. Além disso, devido à natureza destes sistemas, os dados produzidos por eles, conhecidos como streams, precisam ser analisados em tempo real. Streams são uma sequência de elementos de dados com variação de tempo e que não devem ser tratados como dados a serem armazenados para sempre e consultados sob demanda. Os dados em streaming precisam ser consumidos rapidamente por meio de consultas contínuas que analisam e produzem novos dados relevantes. A capacidade de inferir novas relações semânticas sobre dados em streaming é chamada de inferência sobre streams. Nesta pesquisa, propomos um modo semântico e um mecanismo para processamento e inferência sobre streams em tempo real baseados em Processamento de Eventos Complexos (CEP), RDF (Resource Description Framework) e OWL (Web Ontology Language). Apresentamos um middleware que suporta uma inferência contínua sobre dados produzidores por sensores. As principais vantagens de nossa abodagem são: (a) considerar o tempo como uma relação-chave entre a informação; (b) processamento de fluxo por ser implementado usando o CEP; (c) é geral o suficiente para ser aplicado a qualquer sistema de gerenciamento de fluxo de dados (DSMS). Foi desenvolvido no Laboratório de Colaboração Avançada (LAC) utlizando e um estudo de caso no domínio da detecção de incêndio é conduzido e implementado, elucidando o uso de inferência em tempo real sobre streams. / [en] The growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) has brought the opportunity to create applications in several areas, with the use of sensors and actuators. One of the problems encountered in IoT systems is the difficulty of adding semantic relations to the raw data produced by the sensors and being able to infer new facts from these relations. Moreover, due to the fact that many IoT applications are online and need to react instantly on sensor data collected by them, they need to be analyzed in real-time. Streams are a sequence of time-varying data elements that should not be stored forever and queried on demand. Streaming data needs to be consumed quickly through ongoing queries that continue to analyze and produce new relevant data, i.e. stream of output/result events. The ability to infer new semantic relationships over streaming data is called Stream Reasoning. We propose a semantic model and a mechanism for real-time data stream processing and reasoning based on Complex Event Processing (CEP), RDF (resource description structure) and OWL (Web Ontology Language). This work presents a middleware service that supports continuous reasoning on data produced by sensors. The main advantages of our approach are: (a) to consider time as a key relationship between information; (b) flow processing can be implemented using CEP; (c) is general enough to be applied to any data flow management system (DSMS). It was developed in the Advanced Collaboration Laboratory (LAC) and a case study in the field of fire detection is conducted and implemented, elucidating the use of real-time inference on streams.

Background – Through the progress in information and communication technology (ICT) new possibilities to connect smart objects via the internet arose. The number of connected devices had a strong growth in the past years and will continue rising fast in the next years as well. This new kind of smart and connected products (SCP) enables a lot of new product capabilities which have an impact on the creation of new customer value and competition on the market. Related to that, companies have to deal with digitisation and the affects for their products and manufacturing system. Purpose – The purpose of this thesis is to investigate changes in the manufacturing system when the products are getting smarter and connected. A special focus lays on the well-established Lean thinking approach. The results shall help to understand what new circumstances the decision to make the products smarter and connected will bring for a manufacturing department. Methodology – Relevant literature was reviewed to gain a theoretical framework. For gathering primary data, a qualitative case study was applied. Meetings with members of the case company’s management were arranged to conduct interviews. Additionally, observations were made during a guided tour through the production shop-floor and at a company presentation. The interview was recorded, transcribed and evaluated. Afterwards, the results from the case study were analysed and compared with theory based on the theoretical framework. Conclusions were made. Findings – The differences or changes in manufacturing because the products are getting smarter and connected are much more electronic components and software. Furthermore, new operating equipment is needed. The new circumstances require new knowledge and skills. Therefore, people have to be trained. New problems occur e.g. software problems. The use of Lean tools can be more difficult and time-consuming because of missing know-how and improvements itself are becoming more digital. Contribution – This thesis investigated the effects on the manufacturing system when the products get smarter and connected, which nobody did before. A practical case study with interviews, observations and secondary data from the company was applied. Limitations – The findings match reality based on data from the case company. Available time and access to data from the company’s side were limited. This means that the generalisation must be done with caution. However, it can be said that the findings may apply to many other industrial companies of similar size and similar products.

Every day, a new publication on information systems highlights about Cloud of Things (CoT) vulnerabilities; in most of these publications, vulnerability is quoted as the most substantial barrier for CoT realization. However, formulating a justifiable appraisement of the actual vulnerability impact on CoT is difficult because in many of these publications, the term security “vulnerability” is stated incorrectly as a threat or the publication does not discuss CoT-specific vulnerabilities. To achieve a well-founded understanding of CoT vulnerabilities, this literature review identifies the major vulnerabilities and their security controls and to identify any gaps for future research. A systematic literature review (SLR) approach using 58 articles is considered for this review. Based on this review, a taxonomy is created to classify the existing CoT vulnerabilities and security controls. This literature review identifies and discusses similarities and differences among various vulnerability issues and solutions. Most reviews previously performed were limited to the threats to the application interface and virtualization level, whereas this SLR thesis expand to the vulnerabilities in connectivity and things level of CoT. This study emphasize the importance of a clear definition of cloud of things vulnerabilities and to facilitate better understanding and assessment of CoT vulnerabilities to build more secure systems.

L'Internet des Objets (IdO) couvre peu à peu tous les aspects de notre vie. À mesure que ces systèmes deviennent plus répandus, le besoin de gérer cette infrastructure complexe comporte plusieurs défis. En effet, beaucoup de petits appareils interconnectés fournissent maintenant plus d'un service dans plusieurs aspects de notre vie quotidienne, qui doivent être adaptés à de nouveaux contextes sans l'interruption de tels services. Cependant, ce nouveau système informatique diffère des systèmes classiques principalement sur le type, la taille physique et l'accès des nœuds. Ainsi, des méthodes typiques pour gérer la couche logicielle sur de grands systèmes distribués comme on fait traditionnellement ne peuvent pas être employées dans ce contexte. En effet, cela est dû aux capacités très différentes dans la puissance de calcul et la connectivité réseau, qui sont très contraintes pour les appareils de l'IdO. De plus, la complexité qui était auparavant gérée par des experts de plusieurs domaines, tels que les systèmes embarqués et les réseaux de capteurs sans fil (WSN), est maintenant accrue par la plus grande quantité et hétérogénéité des logiciels et du matériel des nœuds. Par conséquent, nous avons besoin de méthodes efficaces pour gérer la couche logicielle de ces systèmes, en tenant compte les ressources très limitées. Cette infrastructure matérielle sous-jacente pose de nouveaux défis dans la manière dont nous administrons la couche logicielle de ces systèmes. Ces défis peuvent entre divisés en : Intra-nœud, sur lequel nous faisons face à la mémoire limitée et à la puissance de calcul des nœuds IdO, afin de gérer les mises à jour sur ces appareils ; Inter-noeud, sur lequel une nouvelle façon de distribuer les mises à jour est nécessaire, en raison de la topologie réseau différente et le coût en énergie pour les appareils alimentés par batterie ; En effet, la puissance de calcul limitée et la durée de vie de chaque nœud combiné à la nature très distribuée de ces systèmes, ajoute de la complexité à la gestion de la couche logicielle distribuée. La reconfiguration logicielle des nœuds dans l'Internet des objets est une préoccupation majeure dans plusieurs domaines d'application. En particulier, la distribution du code pour fournir des nouvelles fonctionnalités ou mettre à jour le logiciel déjà installé afin de l'adapter aux nouvelles exigences, a un impact énorme sur la consommation d'énergie. La plupart des algorithmes actuels de diffusion du code sur l'air (OTA) sont destinés à diffuser un microprogramme complet à travers de petits fragments, et sont souvent mis en œuvre dans la couche réseau, ignorant ainsi toutes les informations de guidage de la couche applicative. Première contribution : Un moteur de modèles en temps d'exécution représentant une application de l'IdO en cours d'exécution sur les nœuds à ressources limitées. La transformation du méta-modèle Kevoree en code C pour répondre aux contraintes de mémoire spécifiques d'un dispositif IdO a été réalisée, ainsi que la proposition des outils de modélisation pour manipuler un modèle en temps d'exécution. Deuxième contribution : découplage en composants d'un système IdO ainsi qu'un algorithme de distribution de composants efficace. Le découplage en composants d'une application dans le contexte de l'IdO facilite sa représentation sur le modèle en temps d'exécution, alors qu'il fournit un moyen de changer facilement son comportement en ajoutant/supprimant des composants et de modifier leurs paramètres. En outre, un mécanisme pour distribuer ces composants en utilisant un nouvel algorithme appelé Calpulli est proposé. / The Internet of Things (IoT) is covering little by little every aspect on our lives. As these systems become more pervasive, the need of managing this complex infrastructure comes with several challenges. Indeed, plenty of small interconnected devices are now providing more than a service in several aspects of our everyday life, which need to be adapted to new contexts without the interruption of such services. However, this new computing system differs from classical Internet systems mainly on the type, physical size and access of the nodes. Thus, typical methods to manage the distributed software layer on large distributed systems as usual cannot be employed on this context. Indeed, this is due to the very different capacities on computing power and network connectivity, which are very constrained for IoT devices. Moreover, the complexity which was before managed by experts on several fields, such as embedded systems and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), is now increased by the larger quantity and heterogeneity of the node’s software and hardware. Therefore, we need efficient methods to manage the software layer of these systems, taking into account the very limited resources. This underlying hardware infrastructure raises new challenges in the way we administrate the software layer of these systems. These challenges can be divided into: intra-node, on which we face the limited memory and CPU of IoT nodes, in order to manage the software layer and ; inter-node, on which a new way to distribute the updates is needed, due to the different network topology and cost in energy for battery powered devices. Indeed, the limited computing power and battery life of each node combined with the very distributed nature of these systems, greatly adds complexity to the distributed software layer management. Software reconfiguration of nodes in the Internet of Things is a major concern for various application fields. In particular, distributing the code of updated or new software features to their final node destination in order to adapt it to new requirements, has a huge impact on energy consumption. Most current algorithms for disseminating code over the air (OTA) are meant to disseminate a complete firmware through small chunks and are often implemented at the network layer, thus ignoring all guiding information from the application layer. First contribution: A models@runtime engine able to represent an IoT running application on resource constrained nodes. The transformation of the Kevoree meta-model into C code to meet the specific memory constraints of an IoT device was performed, as well as the proposition of modelling tools to manipulate a model@runtime. Second contribution: Component decoupling of an IoT system as well as an efficient component distribution algorithm. Components decoupling of an application in the context of the IoT facilitates its representation on the model@runtime, while it provides a way to easily change its behaviour by adding/removing components and changing their parameters. In addition, a mechanism to distribute such components using a new algorithm, called Calpulli is proposed.

To overcome the hurdles associated with space management and security controls in a housing system, research was projected to study and analyze the necessary factors of accomplishment. Over time, different processes were observed and reviewed to make this a possible deal. Various residents were interviewed on the daily constraints in parking and managing their vehicles within their housing premises. The reported daunting concern was majorly the gate access and personal hunts for the space to keep the individual resident’s cars. Every resident would always have to stop and hoot at the housing gate for the assigned personnel to check and open the gate. While this would waste every resident’s time, the visitors even face more delay often time. Hitherto, car access and parking constraint become a thing of worry that no one would want to engage the housing service anymore. The interest has got dwindled. And to re-awaken the high patronage of the housing system, a gap must be bridged with an immediate solution to space management with a gating system. These were subsequently given a classical thought, while a prototype solution was demonstrated and reviewed with the various residents of some selected housing. This received a high welcoming embracement and was beckoned to be made real by the logical heuristic. At this point, nothing was further considered than using the Internet of things (IoT) technology to implement Vehicular Access Management for the control and integration of intended space provisioning in any housings. Consequently, the number plate of every vehicle becomes the automatic access tag and would be used for security control within the housing location. Vehicles’ numbers would be captured and used to manage the residents passing through the automated gating system. With it, records would be made for all permitted residents and the visitors that own a car. Thus, a proper arrangement would be allotted accordingly, as provisioned by the gating system administrator. However, to allegories the above-proffered solution, this project work is divided into six sections. The introductory section introduces the project rationale, lists the objectives, explores related works, and introduces how IoT and vehicular systems can be merged. The second section delves into these vehicular systems. It introduces the Automatic License Plate Recognition System (ALRP) and the Raspberry Pi and highlights the merits of the Integrated Vehicular Access Security System. Open-CV and machine learning are also introduced. Section three covers the solution design, while section four is the implementation phase. Section five covers the testing and implementation of the solution. The final section summarizes the project. The project successfully models an automated solution for the security of tenants and vehicle users against unauthorized access to residential estates and buildings.

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) have become one of the greatest research topics today; because they pose a new complex discipline, which addresses big existing and future systems as the Internet, the Internet of Things, sensors networks and smart grids. As a recent discipline, there are many possibilities to improve the state of the art, interoperability being one of the most relevant. Thus, this thesis has been created within the framework of interoperability for CPS, by using the SOS (Sensor Observation Service) standard, which belongs to the SWE (Sensor Web Enablement) framework of the OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium). It has been developed to give rise to a new line of research within the Distributed Real-Time Systems and Applications group (SATRD for its acronym in Spanish) from the Communications Department of the Polytechnic University of Valencia (UPV for its acronym in Valencian). The approach, with which the interoperability in the CPS has been addressed, is of synthetic type (from parts to whole), starting from a verifiable and workable solution for interoperability in sensor networks, one of the most significant CPSs because it is integrated in many other CPSs, next adapting and testing the solution in more complex CPS, such as the Internet of Things. In this way, an interoperability solution in sensor networks is proposed based on the SOS, but adapted to some requirements that makes of this mechanism a lighter version of the standard, which facilitates the deployment of future implementations due to the possibility of using limited devices for this purpose. This theoretical solution is brought to a first implementation, called SOSLite, which is tested to determine its characteristic behavior and to verify the fulfillment of its purpose. Analogously, and starting from the same theoretical solution, a second implementation is projected called SOSFul, which proposes an update to the SOS standard so that it is lighter, more efficient and easier to use. The SOSFul, has a more ambitious projection by addressing the Internet of Things, a more complex CPS than sensors networks. As in the case of the SOSLite, tests are performed and validation is made through a use case. So, both the SOSLite and the SOSFul are projected as interoperability solutions in the CPS. Both implementations are based on the theoretical proposal of a light SOS and are available for free and under open source licensing so that it can be used by the research community to continue its development and increase its use. / Los Sistemas Ciber-Físicos (CPS) se han convertido en uno de los temas de investigación con mayor proyección en la actualidad; debido a que plantean una nueva disciplina compleja, que aborda sistemas existentes y futuros de gran auge como: la Internet, la Internet de las Cosas, las redes de sensores y las redes eléctricas inteligentes. Como disciplina en gestación, existen muchas posibilidades para aportar al estado del arte, siendo la interoperabilidad uno de los más relevantes. Así, esta tesis se ha creado en el marco de la interoperabilidad para los CPS, mediante la utilización del estándar SOS (Sensor Observation Service) perteneciente al marco de trabajo SWE (Sensor Web Enablement) del OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium). Se ha desarrollado para dar surgimiento a una nueva línea de investigación dentro del grupo SATRD (Sistemas y Aplicaciones de Tiempo Real Distribuidos) del Departamento de Comunicaciones de la UPV (Universitat Politècnica de València). La aproximación con la cual se ha abordado la interoperabilidad en los CPS es de tipo sintética (pasar de las partes al todo), iniciando desde una solución, verificable y realizable, para la interoperabilidad en las redes de sensores, uno de los CPS más significativos debido a que se integra en muchos otros CPS, y pasando a adaptar y comprobar dicha solución en CPS de mayor complejidad, como la Internet de las Cosas. De esta forma, se propone una solución de interoperabilidad en las redes de sensores fundamentada en el SOS, pero adaptada a unos requerimientos que hacen de este mecanismo una versión más ligera del estándar, con lo que se facilita el despliegue de futuras implementaciones debido a la posibilidad de emplear dispositivos limitados para tal fin. Dicha solución teórica, se lleva a una primera implementación, denominada SOSLite, la cual se prueba para determinar su comportamiento característico y verificar el cumplimiento de su propósito. De forma análoga y partiendo de la misma solución teórica, se proyecta una segunda implementación, llamada SOSFul, la cual propone una actualización del estándar SOS de forma que sea más ligero, eficiente y fácil de emplear. El SOSFul, tiene una proyección más ambiciosa al abordar la Internet de las Cosas, un CPS más complejo que las redes de sensores. Como en el caso del SOSLite, se realizan pruebas y se valida mediante un caso de uso. Así, tanto el SOSLite como el SOSFul se proyectan como soluciones de interoperabilidad en los CPS. Ambas implementaciones parten de la propuesta teórica de SOS ligero y se encuentran disponibles de forma gratuita y bajo código libre, para ser empleados por la comunidad investigativa para continuar su desarrollo y aumentar su uso. / Els sistemes ciberfísics (CPS, Cyber-Physical Systems) s'han convertit en un dels temes de recerca amb major projecció en l'actualitat, a causa del fet que plantegen una nova disciplina complexa que aborda sistemes existents i futurs de gran auge, com ara: la Internet, la Internet de les Coses, les xarxes de sensors i les xarxes elèctriques intel·ligents. Com a disciplina en gestació, hi ha moltes possibilitats per a aportar a l'estat de la qüestió, sent la interoperabilitat una de les més rellevants. Així, aquesta tesi s'ha creat en el marc de la interoperabilitat per als CPS, mitjançant la utilització de l'estàndard SOS (Sensor Observation Service) pertanyent al marc de treball SWE (Sensor Web Enablement) de l'OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium). S'ha desenvolupat per a iniciar una nova línia de recerca dins del Grup de SATRD (Sistemes i Aplicacions de Temps Real Distribuïts) del Departament de Comunicacions de la UPV (Universitat Politècnica de València). L'aproximació amb la qual s'ha abordat la interoperabilitat en els CPS és de tipus sintètic (passar de les parts al tot), iniciant des d'una solució, verificable i realitzable, per a la interoperabilitat en les xarxes de sensors, un dels CPS més significatius pel fet que s'integra en molts altres CPS, i passant a adaptar i comprovar aquesta solució en CPS de major complexitat, com la Internet de les Coses. D'aquesta forma, es proposa una solució d'interoperabilitat en les xarxes de sensors fonamentada en el SOS, però adaptada a uns requeriments que fan d'aquest mecanisme una versió més lleugera de l'estàndard, amb la qual cosa es facilita el desplegament de futures implementacions per la possibilitat d'emprar dispositius limitats a aquest fi. Aquesta solució teòrica es porta a una primera implementació, denominada SOSLite, que es prova per a determinar el seu comportament característic i verificar el compliment del seu propòsit. De forma anàloga i partint de la mateixa solució teòrica, es projecta una segona implementació, anomenada SOSFul, que proposa una actualització de l'estàndard SOS de manera que siga més lleuger, eficient i fàcil d'emprar. El SOSFul té una projecció més ambiciosa quan aborda la Internet de les Coses, un CPS més complex que les xarxes de sensors. Com en el cas del SOSLite, es realitzen proves i es valida mitjançant un cas d'ús. Així, tant el SOSLite com el SOSFul, es projecten com a solucions d'interoperabilitat en els CPS. Ambdues implementacions parteixen de la proposta teòrica de SOS lleuger, i es troben disponibles de forma gratuïta i en codi lliure per a ser emprades per la comunitat investigadora a fi de continuar el seu desenvolupament i augmentar-ne l'ús. / Pradilla Ceron, JV. (2016). SOSLite: Soporte para Sistemas Ciber-Físicos y Computación en la Nube [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/76808 / TESIS