Several years ago it was difficult to imagine distant learning in Lithuania. When the SC (Stock company) „Lietuvos Telekomas“ mastered the ISDN service, it became possible to organise video conferences, but the equipment, used for these video conferences was very expensive and for a video conference in two or more places, the subsequent number of equipmnet sets was necessary. With the appearance of cable Internet providers, the ADSL service, Atviras Takas service, the Internet became cheaper, and it has become possible to arrange video conferences with any place in Lithuania, which has cable Internet or phone connection. With the appearance of technologies, allowing to arrange video conferences in Lithuania, distant learning auditoriums were equipped and broadcast was begun from Kaunas Technological University to other towns: Panevėžys, Utena, Marijampolė and etc. Ar first the NetMeeting conferencing program, which belongs to the Windows operational system, was used. Lectures were broadcast with the help of this program from a computer in KTU. Since the NetMeeting program can transmit sound and view between two points at the same time, there was an MCU (multipoint control unit) used to transmit sound and view to several distant points at the same time. Problems appeared during broadcast: the sound, view or slides would break down. This was noticed when five or more users connected. Later, KTU established an internet site, which allowed students to watch lectures in the real... [to full text]

Magistro baigiamajame darbe išanalizuota nuolatinės buveinės samprata fizinėje erdvėje ir ją nustatantys kriterijai, bei atskleistas minėtų kriterijų turinys. Vadovaujantis nustatytais kriterijais išanalizuota nuolatinės buveinės samprata elektroninėje komercijoje ir pateiktos priemonės, kuriomis remiantis nustatoma nuolatinė buveinė elektroninėje komercijoje, nurodytos galimos problemos ir esami problemų sprendimo būdai, bei identifikuotos, kai kurios naujos problemos, kurios reikalauja tolimesnio tyrimo. Pirmojoje darbo dalyje aptarta nuolatinės buveinės samprata fizinėje erdvėje ir išskirti pagrindiniai kriterijai, turintys įtakos nustatant nuolatinės buveinės buvimo faktą fizinėje erdvėje. Antroje dalyje atsižvelgiant į nustatytus kriterijus išanalizuota nuolatinė buveinė elektroninėje komercijoje ir nustatyti skirtumai ir panašumai su nuolatine buveine fizinėje erdvėje. Trečioje darbo dalyje ištirta užsienio valstybių ir Lietuvos praktika nuolatinės buveinės kontekste. / This master‘s degree thesis is about permanent establishment in physical space and it’s parameters. These parameters and definition of permanent establishment are analyzed in details. In accordance with the criteria laid down in the analysis, conception of permanent establishment in e-commerce was reviewed and remedies for identification of permanent establishment were proposed for e-commerce. Also in this thesis major problems related to permanent establishment and their existing resolutions are considered, including new problems identified that should be analyzed collaterally. In the first chapter of this thesis conception of permanent establishment in physical space is analyzed and main criteria that have direct or indirect impact to identification of permanent establishment in physical space are excluded. The second chapter is dedicated for analysis of permanent establishment in e-commerce and identification of principal discrepancies and similarities, while comparing it with physical space. In the third chapter of this thesis survey of Lithuania’s and other foreign countries’ practices related to permanent establishment is presented.