[pt] O sistema SPEC (Speech Predictive Encoding Communication) é um método de redução de faixa que emprega técnicas de interpolação (digital) de voz. As diferenças entre os valores estimados e atuais das amostras do sinal de voz são comparadas, em um Processador, com um limiar, que pode ser fixo ou proveniente de uma tabela. O valor estimado utilizado na comparação é o do instante anterior, o que pode ser considerado como uma predição de ordem zero. O propósito principal deste trabalho é a investigação do efeito do uso de preditores de ordem superior para estimar amostras no sistema SPEC. Paralelamente, é investigado o desempenho do sistema com um Processador, no qual as diferenças entre os valores estimados e atuais das amostras são ordenadas de acordo com suas magnitudes. Assim, são transmitidas as amostras que correspondem às maiores diferenças não-comprimidas, diminuindo a degradação. / [en] The SPEC system (Speech Predictive Encoding Communication), is a bandwidth reduction method, which employs digital speech interpolation techniques. The differences between the estimated and present values of the samples of speech signals are compared, in a Processor, with a threshold which can be fixed or derived from a table. The estimated value used in the comparison is the one of the previous instant, which can be considered as a zero-order prediction. The main purpose of this work is the investigation of the effect of the use of higher order predictors to estimate samples in the SPEC system. At the same time, the system performance with a Processor where the differences between the estimated and the present values of the samples are ordered according to their magnitude is investigated. With this Processor, the samples corresponding to the greater non-compressed differences are transmitted, which contributes to minimize the system overload noise.

Submitted by Vanessa Christiane (referencia@ufersa.edu.br) on 2018-03-28T22:40:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TallesAAS_DISSERT.pdf: 5584884 bytes, checksum: 971529dd90cd6b5bb51663da75f5dfaf (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vanessa Christiane (referencia@ufersa.edu.br) on 2018-04-26T13:38:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TallesAAS_DISSERT.pdf: 5584884 bytes, checksum: 971529dd90cd6b5bb51663da75f5dfaf (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vanessa Christiane (referencia@ufersa.edu.br) on 2018-06-18T16:53:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TallesAAS_DISSERT.pdf: 5584884 bytes, checksum: 971529dd90cd6b5bb51663da75f5dfaf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-18T17:02:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TallesAAS_DISSERT.pdf: 5584884 bytes, checksum: 971529dd90cd6b5bb51663da75f5dfaf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-01 / The fast human progress and a constant technological innovation in the area of telecommunications makes more and more people exposed to the electromagnetic radiation of the most varied natures. The concern with the possible health risks that this exposure can cause in the population causes that several regulatory agencies develop studies with the objective of establishing acceptable limits of human exposure to this type of radiation. Knowledge of these levels of radiation exposure and how electromagnetic fields are distributed spatially in a particular region is of paramount importance for the development of protection techniques that are effective against exposure to radiation reducing the risks to people in these areas. This work aims to study the distribution of electromagnetic radiation in the urban region of Mossoró by measuring the intensity of electric fields, magnetic fields and power density in 200 points using a suitable meter in the 10 MHz to 8 GHz range, based on the methodology proposed in Resolution 303 of ANATEL. And with these data, determine, through the use of statistical parameters, the most appropriate interpolation technique to estimate the spatial distribution of these fields in non-sampled areas using contour maps, created by the Golden Surfer® software, responsible for indicating the places most exposed to electromagnetic radiation. The measurement points were chosen based on the medium distance between the radio base stations in each of analysis zones. The measured values were compared with those established by regulatory organizations to be analyzed according to established standards / O rápido progresso humano e a constante inovação tecnológica na área das telecomunicações faz com que cada vez mais as pessoas estejam expostas à radiação eletromagnética das mais variadas naturezas. A preocupação com os possíveis riscos a saúde que essa exposição pode provocar na população faz com que vários órgãos regulamentadores desenvolvam estudos com o objetivo de estabelecer limites aceitáveis de exposição humana a esse tipo de radiação. O conhecimento desses níveis de exposição à radiação e de como os campos eletromagnéticos se distribuem espacialmente em determinada região é de suma importância para o desenvolvimento de técnicas de proteção que sejam eficientes contra a exposição a essa radiação diminuindo os riscos às pessoas dessas áreas. Este trabalho tem como objetivo estudar a distribuição da radiação eletromagnética na região urbana de Mossoró, através da medição da intensidade dos campos elétricos, campos magnéticos e densidade de potência em 200 pontos utilizando um medidor adequado na faixa de 10 MHz a 8 GHz, utilizando como base a metodologia proposta na Resolução 303 da ANATEL. E, com esses dados, determinar, através da utilização de parâmetros estatísticos, qual a técnica de interpolação mais adequada para estimar a distribuição espacial desses campos em locais não amostrados utilizando curvas de nível, geradas pelo software Golden Surfer®, responsáveis por indicar os locais mais expostos à radiação eletromagnética. Os pontos de medição foram escolhidos baseando-se na distância média entre as estações de rádio base existentes em cada uma das zonas de análise. Os valores medidos foram comparados com os estabelecidos pelas normas regulamentadoras para serem analisados de acordo com os padrões estabelecidos / 2018-03-28

Η παρούσα έρευνα εντάσσεται στο πλαίσιο εκπόνησης διδακτορικής διατριβής στο Εργαστήριο του Τμήματος Αρχιτεκτόνων Μηχανικών του Πανεπιστημίου Πατρών. Η χαρτογράφηση της εγκληματικότητας (Crime Mapping) είναι η διαδικασία χρήσης της τεχνολογίας των Γεωγραφικών Συστημάτων Πληροφοριών και της εφαρμογής μεθόδων και τεχνικών της Χωρικής Ανάλυσης και της Χαρτογραφίας για την μελέτη και ανάλυση εγκληματικών συμβάντων. Ένα μεγάλο σύνολο ανθρωπίνων δραστηριοτήτων αναπτύσσεται, παρατηρείται και καταγράφεται στους αστικούς χώρους. Η επίδραση που ασκεί ο χώρος στην ανθρώπινη συμπεριφορά αλλά και η επίδραση της ανθρώπινης συμπεριφοράς που ασκείται πάνω στον χώρο είναι μια σχέση αμφίδρομη και αποτελεί σημαντικό στοιχείο για το σχεδιασμό. Συνεπώς, η δομή αυτή καθ’ αυτή των πόλεων, οι ήδη διαμορφωμένοι δημόσιοι αστικοί χώροι και οι κοινωνικό-οικονομικές αλλαγές που συντελούνται, συνιστούν μια πρόκληση για τους σύγχρονους σχεδιαστές του χώρου αυτού. Η έρευνα αφορά τη μελέτη της χωρικής κατανομής εγκλημάτων ιδιοκτησίας (απόπειρες, κλοπές, διαρρήξεις, ληστείες) στον αστικό ιστό της πόλης σε σχέση με χωρικά χαρακτηριστικά και κυρίως με πολεοδομικές παραμέτρους, ενώ παράλληλα εστιάζει με τρόπο ώστε να είναι δυνατή η εφαρμογή και ενσωμάτωση πορισμάτων της εγκληματολογίας στην διαδικασία του πολεοδομικού σχεδιασμού και γενικότερα του σχεδιασμού του χώρου. Ολοκληρώνεται, με συστηματική μελέτη περίπτωσης, μέσω αναλυτικής στατιστικής ανάλυσης και ανάλυσης γεωστατιστικής σχετικών δεδομένων που αφορούν το Σχέδιο Πόλεως Πατρών και τη δημιουργία γεωσυνόλων και θεματικών χαρτών που απεικονίζουν τη χωρική κατανομή του φαινομένου. Για την ανάλυση των χαρακτηριστικών της μελέτης περίπτωσης χρησιμοποιούνται χωρικές βάσεις δεδομένων με στοιχεία που η Γενική Αστυνομική Διεύθυνση Περιφέρειας Δυτικής Ελλάδος διέθεσε για την εκπόνηση της εργασίας: 4.770 απογραφικά δελτία εγκληματικών συμβάντων (εγκλήματα ιδιοκτησίας) που αφορούν το σύνολο τεσσάρων ετών από το 2007 έως και το 2010. Η εκπόνηση της έρευνας χρηματοδοτήθηκε από το Επιχειρησιακό Πρόγραμμα Εκπαίδευση και Δια Βίου Μάθηση, Ηράκλειτος ΙΙ, Υπουργείο Παιδείας και Θρησκευμάτων, ΕΣΠΑ 2007 – 2013, Ευρωπαϊκό Κοινωνικό Ταμείο. / This thesis has been elaborated in the Laboratory of Urban and Regional Planning, Department of Architecture, University of Patras. Crime Mapping is the process of using GIS technology and the implementation of Spatial Analysis and Mapping methods for studying and analysis of criminal incidents. In recent years, the rapid evolution of GIS technology and the availability of digital spatial data have strengthened the significant role of spatial analysis and GIS in crime analysis. A great deal of human activity is developed, observed and recorded in urban areas. The human impact is implemented on the urban areas as well as the urban areas have an impact on human behavior, setting a correlation that is an important design/planning characteristic. Consequently, the structure of modern cities, the existing urban public spaces along with the socioeconomic changes that happen constitute a challenge for contemporary designers and planners. The research is based on the study of spatial criminal distribution of property crimes (attempts, thefts, burglaries, robberies) in the urban web of a city, in terms of spatial characteristics and urban planning parameters while it focuses on criminology findings so as they can be incorporated and applied in urban planning in order to design and identify strategic orientations and create safer urban areas. It concludes with a systematic case study through an analytical statistical and geostatistical analysis of relevant data concerning the Master Plan of city of Patras and the development of geosets and thematic maps depicting the spatial distribution of the phenomenon. For that purpose, the Central Police Department of Patras offered to the university Laboratory all census forms of criminal acts and events (property crimes): 4.770 reports that took place at the city of Patras (Greece) during the years 2007 – 2010. This research has been co-financed by the European Union (European Social Fund – ESF) and Greek national funds through the Operational Program “Education and Lifelong Learning” of the National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF) - Research Funding Program: Heracleitus II.