O objetivo desta pesquisa é avaliar os parâmetros urbanísticos que influenciam a forma urbana e, consequentemente, maximizam a geração de energia fotovoltaica, no município de São Paulo, tomando por estudo de caso o bairro Belenzinho, em processo de adensamento e verticalização. A avaliação dos parâmetros urbanísticos foi realizada por meio do software de modelagem tridimensional Rhinoceros®, utilizando dois vértices: inicialmente, foi modelada a variação isolada dos parâmetros urbanísticos, utilizando Rhinoceros® associado aos plug-ins Grasshopper® e Diva®, com a finalidade de identificar os valores dos parâmetros urbanísticos que maximizam as respostas da forma urbana em relação à incidência de radiação solar na cobertura das edificações; em seguida, adicionou-se o algoritmo genético Galapagos, identificando-se a melhor combinação dos valores dos parâmetros urbanísticos quanto à maximização da incidência de radiação solar na cobertura das edificações. As análises mostraram que no cenário morfológico atual, 86% da cobertura das edificações existentes recebem entre 1840 e 1879 kWh/m2.ano de incidência de radiação solar, porém, algumas edificações são prejudicadas com sombreamento causada pelas edificações vizinhas. Quando se objetiva otimizar a geração de energia solar fotovoltaica na cobertura de empreendimentos distribuídos no tecido urbano, valores de coeficiente de aproveitamento 3, quando o máximo permitido é 4, ou valores de coeficiente de aproveitamento 2, quando o máximo permitido é 2, associados a taxas de ocupação de 0,70, mostram-se apropriados. A aplicação do Galapagos indica que o ganho da radiação solar incidente por área total de cobertura, através da simulação da variação combinada dos parâmetros urbanísticos, é, em média, 60% maior quando comparado com o pior cenário da variação isolada dos parâmetros urbanísticos, no cenário com empreendimentos distribuídos. Porém, quando se objetiva otimizar a geração de energia solar fotovoltaica na cobertura de empreendimentos concentrados no tecido urbano, valores de coeficiente de aproveitamento 3 e 4, quando o máximo permitido é 4, associados a taxas de ocupação de 0,40, mostram-se apropriados. O uso do Galapagos indica que o ganho da radiação solar incidente por área total de cobertura, através da simulação da variação combinada dos parâmetros urbanísticos, é, em média, 40% maior quando comparado com o pior cenário da variação isolada dos parâmetros urbanísticos, no cenário com empreendimentos concentrados. Assim, a pesquisa indica que a definição de uma política energética municipal para aproveitamento fotovoltaico na cobertura de edificações passa pela análise da viabilidade de soluções de geração concentradas ou distribuídas no território urbano, o que impacta em diferentes formas de apropriação dessa variável na regulação da ocupação do solo, no que tange à definição de intervalos de valores dos parâmetros urbanísticos, gabarito de altura, assim como no uso do solo. / The present study analyses the parameters of the urban form that conditions the PV power generation capacity in a neighbourhood in São Paulo: Belenzinho, which is in verticalization and densification processes. The urban analysis was modeled with Rhinoceros® 3D software, with two vertices. Initially, the case-study area was modeled based on the isolated variation of the urban parameters, with Rhinoceros® software associated with Grasshopper® and Diva® plug-ins, in order to identify the best and worse urban parameter values, considering the solar radiation incidence on the rooftops of isolated buildings. Then, Galapagos genetic algorithm was applied for the purpose of combining the urban parameters, and identified the most suitable values for better exploitation of solar radiation. The analysis showed that in the current morphological scenario, 86% of the existing buildings rooftops have values of solar radiation between 1840 and 1879 kWh/m2.year, withal, some buildings are affected by shading caused by neighboring buildings. When optimizing the generation of photovoltaic solar energy in the rooftops of buildings distributed in area of this case study, values 3 for floor area ratio, when the maximum allowed is 4, or values 2 for floor area ratio, when the maximum allowed is 2, associated to values 0.70 of building coverage ratio to be appropriate. The study indicates that the gain of incident solar radiation by total coverage area through the simulation of the Galapagos genetic algorithm, represents on average 60% more when compared to the worst scenario of the isolated variation of the urban parameters, in isolated buildings. However, when the objective is to optimize the generation of photovoltaic solar energy in the rooftops of concentrated buildings in area of case study, values 3 and 4 for floor area ratio, when the maximum allowed is 4, associated to values 0.40 of building coverage ratio to be appropriate. The study indicates that the gain of incident solar radiation by total coverage area through the simulation of the Galapagos genetic algorithm, represents on average 40% more when compared to the worst scenario of the isolated variation of the urban parameters, in concentrated buildings. Thus, the definition of a municipal energy policy for photovoltaic application on the top of buildings involves the analysis of the feasibility of more concentrated or distributed generation solutions in the urban territory, and its appropriation of this variable in the land use regulation, in relation to the definition of ranges of values of urban planning parameters, building\'s height and land use.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:20:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rusvel Beltrame Rocha.pdf: 1391394 bytes, checksum: 50f72834bbaa8ab9358ef210eb8e9271 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-06 / The Main Purpose of this study is to discuss the acquired rights on the Urban Laws. The Supremo Tribunal Federal rules that the rights on the urban law happens with the start of the works, dully licensed by the local public office. On the other hand, most cities in Brazil defines that this moment really happens when the owner submitt the License Permit to the City Offices. Based on the Constitutional Principles of Urban Planning, the intent of this paper is to demonstrate that the the proper moment for the acquisition of the rights is exactily when the license is granted by the local autorirty. Is is also sugested that all the process of annalises of construction permits should be suspended during the phases of alteration or revision of City Regulation Plans / A ideia central deste trabalho é discutir a questão do direito adquirido no âmbito do direito urbanístico. O Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) entende que o direito adquirido no âmbito do direito urbanístico se dá com o início da obra regularmente licenciada pelo poder público local. No entanto, o ordenamento jurídico dos municípios brasileiros estabelece que esse momento se consolida quando o proprietário protocola seu pedido de licença perante a Administração Pública Municipal. A partir da interpretação do princípio constitucional do planejamento urbano pretendese demonstrar que o momento da constituição do direito adquirido se dá quando da concessão da licença urbanística. Defende-se, também, a necessidade de suspensão dos processos administrativos tendentes à concessão de licenças urbanísticas no curso do processo de alteração ou revisão de planos diretores

Η παρούσα έρευνα εντάσσεται στο πλαίσιο εκπόνησης διδακτορικής διατριβής στο Εργαστήριο του Τμήματος Αρχιτεκτόνων Μηχανικών του Πανεπιστημίου Πατρών. Η χαρτογράφηση της εγκληματικότητας (Crime Mapping) είναι η διαδικασία χρήσης της τεχνολογίας των Γεωγραφικών Συστημάτων Πληροφοριών και της εφαρμογής μεθόδων και τεχνικών της Χωρικής Ανάλυσης και της Χαρτογραφίας για την μελέτη και ανάλυση εγκληματικών συμβάντων. Ένα μεγάλο σύνολο ανθρωπίνων δραστηριοτήτων αναπτύσσεται, παρατηρείται και καταγράφεται στους αστικούς χώρους. Η επίδραση που ασκεί ο χώρος στην ανθρώπινη συμπεριφορά αλλά και η επίδραση της ανθρώπινης συμπεριφοράς που ασκείται πάνω στον χώρο είναι μια σχέση αμφίδρομη και αποτελεί σημαντικό στοιχείο για το σχεδιασμό. Συνεπώς, η δομή αυτή καθ’ αυτή των πόλεων, οι ήδη διαμορφωμένοι δημόσιοι αστικοί χώροι και οι κοινωνικό-οικονομικές αλλαγές που συντελούνται, συνιστούν μια πρόκληση για τους σύγχρονους σχεδιαστές του χώρου αυτού. Η έρευνα αφορά τη μελέτη της χωρικής κατανομής εγκλημάτων ιδιοκτησίας (απόπειρες, κλοπές, διαρρήξεις, ληστείες) στον αστικό ιστό της πόλης σε σχέση με χωρικά χαρακτηριστικά και κυρίως με πολεοδομικές παραμέτρους, ενώ παράλληλα εστιάζει με τρόπο ώστε να είναι δυνατή η εφαρμογή και ενσωμάτωση πορισμάτων της εγκληματολογίας στην διαδικασία του πολεοδομικού σχεδιασμού και γενικότερα του σχεδιασμού του χώρου. Ολοκληρώνεται, με συστηματική μελέτη περίπτωσης, μέσω αναλυτικής στατιστικής ανάλυσης και ανάλυσης γεωστατιστικής σχετικών δεδομένων που αφορούν το Σχέδιο Πόλεως Πατρών και τη δημιουργία γεωσυνόλων και θεματικών χαρτών που απεικονίζουν τη χωρική κατανομή του φαινομένου. Για την ανάλυση των χαρακτηριστικών της μελέτης περίπτωσης χρησιμοποιούνται χωρικές βάσεις δεδομένων με στοιχεία που η Γενική Αστυνομική Διεύθυνση Περιφέρειας Δυτικής Ελλάδος διέθεσε για την εκπόνηση της εργασίας: 4.770 απογραφικά δελτία εγκληματικών συμβάντων (εγκλήματα ιδιοκτησίας) που αφορούν το σύνολο τεσσάρων ετών από το 2007 έως και το 2010. Η εκπόνηση της έρευνας χρηματοδοτήθηκε από το Επιχειρησιακό Πρόγραμμα Εκπαίδευση και Δια Βίου Μάθηση, Ηράκλειτος ΙΙ, Υπουργείο Παιδείας και Θρησκευμάτων, ΕΣΠΑ 2007 – 2013, Ευρωπαϊκό Κοινωνικό Ταμείο. / This thesis has been elaborated in the Laboratory of Urban and Regional Planning, Department of Architecture, University of Patras. Crime Mapping is the process of using GIS technology and the implementation of Spatial Analysis and Mapping methods for studying and analysis of criminal incidents. In recent years, the rapid evolution of GIS technology and the availability of digital spatial data have strengthened the significant role of spatial analysis and GIS in crime analysis. A great deal of human activity is developed, observed and recorded in urban areas. The human impact is implemented on the urban areas as well as the urban areas have an impact on human behavior, setting a correlation that is an important design/planning characteristic. Consequently, the structure of modern cities, the existing urban public spaces along with the socioeconomic changes that happen constitute a challenge for contemporary designers and planners. The research is based on the study of spatial criminal distribution of property crimes (attempts, thefts, burglaries, robberies) in the urban web of a city, in terms of spatial characteristics and urban planning parameters while it focuses on criminology findings so as they can be incorporated and applied in urban planning in order to design and identify strategic orientations and create safer urban areas. It concludes with a systematic case study through an analytical statistical and geostatistical analysis of relevant data concerning the Master Plan of city of Patras and the development of geosets and thematic maps depicting the spatial distribution of the phenomenon. For that purpose, the Central Police Department of Patras offered to the university Laboratory all census forms of criminal acts and events (property crimes): 4.770 reports that took place at the city of Patras (Greece) during the years 2007 – 2010. This research has been co-financed by the European Union (European Social Fund – ESF) and Greek national funds through the Operational Program “Education and Lifelong Learning” of the National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF) - Research Funding Program: Heracleitus II.