A Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF), desde a sua criação, enfrenta dificuldades de expansão relacionada à escassez e à distribuição desigual do médico, que, por consequência, traz graves comprometimentos quanto ao seu grau de resolubilidade. Como forma de enfrentar essa situação, em 2013 foi criado o Programa Mais Médicos (PMM), que se caracteriza como política de provimento e de educação na saúde, no qual a Educação Interprofissional (EIP) aparece como uma importante abordagem para a mobilização de mudanças das práticas profissionais e do modelo assistencial. Esta pesquisa pretendeu explorar a tese de que o PMM apresenta potencial desencadeador de mudanças no modelo de educação das profissões da saúde no Brasil para a adoção de estratégias educacionais ancoradas nos pressupostos da EIP. Para tanto, realizou-se um estudo exploratório, desenvolvido por meio de análise documental e pesquisa de campo. A pesquisa documental teve por objetos de estudo as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais (DCN) dos cursos de graduação em medicina de 2001 e de 2014 e de nove projetos políticos pedagógicos (PPP) dos cursos de Especialização em Saúde da Família ofertados no âmbito do PMM. A pesquisa de campo foi operacionalizada no estado de Minas Gerais, por entrevistas em profundidade, grupos focais e aplicação da Escala Jefferson de Atitudes Relacionadas à Colaboração Interprofissional (EJARCI), com médicos integrantes do eixo do provimento emergencial do PMM, tutores, supervisores e profissionais das equipes de Atenção Básica as quais os médicos do PMM estão vinculados. Os resultados demonstram que a explicitação da EIP nas novas DCN é um avanço para a sua incorporação no cenário brasileiro. Quanto aos PPP, embora não se evidenciem neles propostas pedagógicas sistematizadas com base nos fundamentos teóricoconceituais e metodológicos da EIP, eles se mostraram potentes para a adoção dessa abordagem. A aplicação da EJARCI demonstrou que não há diferenças estatísticas quanto à atitude profissional em relação à colaboração interprofissional em decorrência do perfil do médico/equipe - brasileiro, intercambista ou cubano, mas maiores pontuações foram obtidas pelos enfermeiros e médicos estrangeiros. As entrevistas e grupos focais revelaram que elementos centrais da EIP se enunciam nos ciclos formativos do PMM, como a promoção do conhecimento sobre o papel de cada profissão, a interdependência, o compartilhamento de experiências no cotidiano do trabalho, a resolução de conflitos e a centralidade do cuidado no usuário. Apreendeuse que há o reconhecimento de que a política de provimento médico possibilitou a reversão de cenários de saúde, nos quais as equipes de ESF, incompletas pela ausência desse profissional, estavam consideravelmente limitadas para promover atenção integral às populações por meio da colaboração profissional. É possível afirmar que o PMM se qualifica como uma oportunidade pujante para o desenvolvimento de competências colaborativas e para a adoção de práticas pedagógicas alicerçadas na EIP, especialmente porque sua proposta se assenta na lógica da educação permanente e integração ensino-serviço, pilares estruturantes do SUS. / Since its inception, The Family Health Strategy (Estratégia Saúde da Família - ESF) has faced difficulties of expansion related to scarcity and unequal distribution of physicians, which consequently brings serious compromises to its degree of solvability. As a way of coping with this situation, the \'More Doctors\' Program (Programa Mais Médicos - PMM) was created in 2013, which is characterized as a policy of health provision and education and in which Interprofessional Education (IPE) appears as an important approach for mobilizing changes in professional practices and the care model. This research aimed to explore the thesis that the PMM presents a potential trigger for changes in the education model of health professions in Brazil, based on an adoption of educational strategies anchored in the assumptions of IPE. Regarding this, an exploratory study was carried out through documentary analysis and field research. The documentary research had the National Curricular Guidelines (DCN) of the undergraduate medical courses of 2001 and 2014 as its object of study, and nine political pedagogical projects (PPP) of Specialization courses in Family Health offered in the domain of the PMM. Field research was carried out in the state of Minas Gerais by in-depth interviews, focus groups and application of the Jefferson Scale of Attitudes Related to Interprofessional Collaboration (JeffSATIC), with physicians who are members of the PMM emergency provision, tutors, supervisors and professionals of the Primary Care teams that PMM physicians are linked to. The results demonstrate that the IPE explicit in the new DCN is an advance for its incorporation into the Brazilian scenario. Although systematized pedagogical proposals based on the theoreticalconceptual and methodological foundations of IPE are not evident in the PPPs, they have proven to be potent in adopting this approach. Application of the JeffSATIC showed that there are no statistical differences regarding the professional attitude towards interprofessional collaboration due to the profile of the doctor/team (Brazilian, foreign exchange or Cuban), but higher scores were obtained by foreign nurses and doctors. The interviews and focus groups revealed that central elements of IPE are set out in the PMM formative cycles, such as promoting knowledge about the role of each profession, interdependence, sharing experiences in daily work, conflict resolution and centrality of care for the user. It was noted that there is recognition that the health care policy enabled the reversal of health scenarios, in which FHS teams (incomplete due to the absence of this professional) were considerably limited to promote comprehensive care to the population through professional collaboration. It is possible to affirm that the PMM qualifies as a thriving opportunity for developing collaborative skills and for adopting pedagogical practices based on IPE, especially since its proposal is based on the logic of permanent education and teaching-service integration, which are structuring pillars of the Brazilian Public Healthcare System (SUS).

Background: In Germany, the process of moving pre-registration nursing education into higher education within a faculty of medicine has differed from developments at universities of applied sciences. This is because such a process implies radical change for the status of and relationship between nurses and physicians. Literature review: The body of knowledge on interprofessional undergraduate education of nursing and medical students, including work on the nurse-physician relationship and collaborative practices of nurses and physicians, provides the foundation of this research. Aim: The primary aim has been to involve the active participation of educational practitioners of the nursing and medical professions concerned in working towards a collaborative culture, including interprofessional undergraduate education for nursing and medical students. Methodology and methods: A participatory paradigm position guided this research, using cooperative inquiry as one approach in action research. The inquiry group decided on the methods to be used for the inquiry and planned, acted out, and reflected on eight interprofessional educational sessions in three cycles over a process of two years. Data from inquiry group members' experiences were audiotaped during this process and analysed with a focus on experiential and propositional knowledge development. Inquiry group members gained feedback from nursing and medical students after their interprofessional sessions in eight group discussions. Framework analysis of qualitative data was used to guide data analysis. In addition, students had the option to provide feedback by completing a questionnaire to evaluate the sessions. For the analysis of the questionnaire data descriptive statistics was used. Findings: The 3P model (presage, process, product) was used as a meta-structure for the IPE_NUMESO model to guide further classroom teaching of nursing and medical students. It was found that undergraduate education of nursing and medical students is a complex social process accompanied by mixed emotions and a strong desire to overcome the separation of both professions. Discussion: The research adds new insight into IPE for undergraduate nursing and medical students: emotions, values, and a problematic reality in which both groups of professionals work together (presage), role change in simulation, the asset of a safe learning environment, peer learning, and strategies to overcome the separation (process). Certain experiences are proposed to be worthwhile (product), such as being able to understand the essence of clinical situations and deal with issues like emotions, values, knowledge and its communication, clinical experience, and power. Social learning theory provided a suitable explanatory approach for the findings. Conclusion and recommendations: This research adds to the knowledge on interprofessional education for undergraduate education for nursing and medical students. Considering IPE as a complex social process offers promising potential to transform future collaborative practices by preparing students for a complex and dynamic collaboration of both professions at the patient's bedside. Recommendations for clinical practice, interprofessional education, and policy are presented.

Este estudo tem como objeto a formação interprofissional em programas de residência multiprofissional em saúde (PRMS) por meio da educação interprofissional (EIP). Seus objetivos foram: compreender os limites e as potencialidades das residências multiprofissionais em saúde para a EIP; descrever os PRMS do estado de São Paulo; identificar um programa de PRMS com um cenário altamente favorável para a EIP e analisar a percepção dos residentes a respeito dos limites e das potencialidades desse PRMS para a EIP. Estudo exploratório, descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa. Realizou-se a análise documental de seis projetos político-pedagógicos (PPP) dos sete PRMS oferecidos no estado de São Paulo para identificar o mais favorável à EIP. Em seguida, realizou-se um grupo focal com os residentes do programa selecionado. O material empírico resultante da transcrição do grupo focal foi submetido à técnica da análise de discurso. A análise documental revelou aproximações e distanciamentos da EIP em todos os PPP analisados, assim como elementos relacionados à colaboração como finalidade do processo ensino e aprendizagem, objetivos da formação, organização didático-pedagógica, matrizes pedagógicas, proposta curricular, adoção do modelo de competências e formatos de avaliação institucional e do ensino. A análise documental revelou o compromisso social de todos os programas com a formação e sua possibilidade de promover melhorias na qualidade do cuidado com foco na integralidade e nas necessidades de saúde. O programa mais favorável à educação interprofissional foi a Residência Multiprofissional em Atenção à Saúde da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, campus Baixada Santista. O material empírico proveniente da transcrição do grupo focal com os residentes evidenciou temas que foram inseridos nas categorias empíricas definidas a priori para a construção do roteiro do grupo focal: Vivenciando a residência multiprofissional, Limites da residência multiprofissional para a EIP, Potencialidades da residência multiprofissional para a EIP e Impactos das práticas profissionais como residente para a melhoria da qualidade assistência. Foram identificados limites relacionados a relações pessoais e interprofissionais, necessidade de apoio institucional e fragilidades na integração ensino-serviço. Em relação às potencialidades, destacaram-se a transformação provocada pelo apoio institucional, a reorganização do programa e dos cenários de prática profissional e a integralidade como foco das práticas profissionais. A EIP mostrou-se uma abordagem adequada ao contexto da RMS, reorientando a formação em saúde e contribuindo para fortalecer a identidade profissional, descontruir estereótipos e preconceitos profissionais, além de permitir aos residentes reconhecer competências comuns e complementares específicas e perceberem-se produzindo práticas interprofissionais colaborativas, com impactos positivos na qualidade da assistência, o que lhes causou satisfação profissional. Entretanto, o processo educacional causou intenso sofrimento aos participantes. Em síntese, considera-se que a efetivação da EIP no contexto da residência multiprofissional estudada requer medidas de ajuste relacionadas à sua implantação, condução e avaliação, de forma articulada entre os níveis individual, organizacional e político / The object of this study was the interprofessional qualification in multiprofessional residency programs in health (MRPH) by means of interprofessional education (IPE). The study objectives were to understand the limitations and strengths of multiprofessional residency programs in health for IPE; to describe the MRPH in the state of São Paulo; to identify a multiprofessional residency program in health with a highly favorable scenario for IPE and to analyze the perception of residents as regards the limitations and strengths of this program for IPE. This was an exploratory, descriptive study, using a qualitative approach. A documentary analysis of the six political-pedagogical projects (PPP) of the seven MRPH offered in the state of São Paulo was conducted to identify the most favorable program to IPE. In the sequence, a focus group was performed with the residents of the selected group. The empirical material resulting from the transcription of the focus group was submitted to the discourse analysis technique. Documentary analysis revealed close and distant points from IPE at all PPP analyzed, as well as elements related to the collaboration as purpose of the teaching and learning process, objectives of the educational program, didactic-pedagogical organization, pedagogical matrixes, curricular proposal, adoption of the model of competences and formats of institutional and teaching evaluation. In addition, it revealed the social commitment of all of the programs to education and its possibility of promoting improvements in the quality of care focused on comprehensiveness and on health needs. The most favorable program to interprofessional education was the Multiprofessional Residency in Health Care of the Federal University of São Paulo, at the Baixada Santista campus. The empirical material resulting from the transcription of the focus group with the residents evidenced themes that were inserted in the empirical categories defined a priori for the construction of the focus group script: Experiencing the multiprofessional residency, Limitations of the multiprofessional residency for IPE, Strengths of the multiprofessional residency for IPE and Impacts of the professional practices as an resident to improve care quality. The authors identified limitations related to personal and interprofessional relationships, the need for institutional support and weaknesses in the teaching-service integration. Regarding the strengths, the transformation caused by the institutional support, the reorganization of both the program and the scenarios of professional practice and comprehensiveness as focus of the professional practices stood out. Interprofessional education proved to be an appropriate approach to the context of multiprofessional residency in health, reorienting health education and contributing to strengthen professional identity, to deconstruct professional prejudice and stereotypes, besides allowing the residents to recognize common and specific complementary competences and to perceive themselves as producing collaborative interprofessional practices, with positive impacts in the quality of care, which led to professional satisfaction. However, the educational process caused intense suffering to the participants. In summary, developing IPE in the studied context of multiprofessional residency requires adjustment measures related to its implementation, conduction and evaluation, in an articulated manner among the individual, organizational and political levels

No description available.

Abstract available in the American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education.

Interprofessional education (IPE), a concept that brings students from different health care professions together in the learning process, has been adopted by some physical therapy (PT) schools as an alternative to traditional PT-only curricula. Both approaches have the goal of improving patient outcomes for an increasingly diverse population. There was a void in the research comparing IPE and traditional curricula in PT education. Grounded in the theoretical frameworks of adult and social learning theory, the purpose of this study was to examine differences in students' self-efficacy, cultural competence, and perceptions of the learning environment based on curricular type and prior to their first clinical internship. The nonexperimental, causal-comparative research design was used to test a single research question about differences in the 4 dependent variables based on curriculum format (IPE or traditional) for a balanced, random sample of 218 preclinical students from 6 different PT programs. The results of Hotelling's T2 and post hoc analysis revealed statistically significant, higher self-efficacy scores for students in IPE curriculum than ones in the traditional curriculum. No significant differences were found related to cultural competence and perception of learning environment. Results suggest that future research could examine the relationship between self-efficacy and cultural competence. The positive social change implication for this research was that preclinical PT students' in an IPE curriculum had increased self-efficacy as compared to those in traditional curricula. This information can be used to provide direction for PT programs as they work toward delivering exceptional educational experiences in order to improve patient outcomes and better society.

Interprofessional practice and teamwork are becoming more essential in health care. Increased collaboration gives the opportunity to enable patient centred health care with high quality of outcomes. If health professional students learn together they will be better prepared for interprofessional collaboration and teamwork, such initiative can be interprofessional education (IPE) at a clinical education ward (CEW). The aim of the study is to explore how students from medicine, nursing, physiotherapy and occupational therapy programs, perceive their own and each others` profession prior to a clinical placement at a CEW. This was a qualitative study using focus groups. 18 students participate in the study. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis and a thematic network was developed. A plethora of professional perceptions emerged as the highest order category. This was derived from four organizing themes; professional expectations, relationship to the patient, leadership and relationship across professions and from the respective basic themes: different areas of professional doing and explanation of professional images, being close, being distanced, being a coordinator and being a leader, collaboration and unclear boundaries. This perceptions are needed to discuss and reflect during the CEW and allowing the student, together rather than silos, to develop professional identities as well as the knowledge, skills and attitudes.

No description available.

A definitive association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and negative physical and mental health outcomes has been established. There is evidence that individuals in forensic psychiatric facilities are disproportionately exposed to ACEs, which may impact severity, prognosis, and age of onset of psychiatric symptoms, including behavioral concerns of institutional aggression, self-harm behaviors, and suicide attempts. Such psychiatric and behavioral concerns are often managed through multiple psychotropic prescriptions, leading to psychotropic polypharmacy. This study evaluated the relationship between ACEs, mental health and behavioral concerns, and psychotropic polypharmacy through analysis of archival data from a forensic inpatient psychiatric facility. A total of 182 patients met inclusion criteria. Through a comprehensive record review, ACE scores, mental health outcomes, behavioral concerns, and prescription practices were ascertained and subjected to a series of regression analyses. Results indicate that the current participants experience greater prevalence of ACEs and mental health outcomes, as well as higher rates of psychotropic polypharmacy. These relationships are mediated by history of self-harm behaviors. The higher polypharmacy rates yield greater negative side effects with the need to manage with additional medications. Taken as a whole, ACEs are a relevant consideration, as childhood adversity may lead to a lifetime of difficulty with managing emotional distress and symptoms of psychopathology. Pharmacological treatment may be necessary, particularly with those who experience more complex mental health outcomes. However, a primary focus on psychotropic intervention can result in high rates of medications and polypharmacy with significant side effects. Incorporation of non-pharmacological intervention should be a primary consideration with forensic inpatients to circumvent the potential for psychotropic polypharmacy and related negative consequences.

Healthcare resources are especially limited in rural regions of the US. The lack of Primary Care Providers (PCPs) and mental/behavioral health services is problematic, as there are high rates of behavioral and medical concerns within rural populations. Special populations, such as rural persons with Serious Mental Illness (SMI), are medically complex and represent a vulnerable and underserved population. Healthcare outcomes for persons with SMI are poor compared to the general population and commonly lead to premature death. Various barriers prevent this population from accessing optimal healthcare, especially in rural areas, due to negative perceptions/stigma, a lack of understanding from PCPs, and a shortage of resources in general. The current study aimed to determine the extent of mental health training that rural PCPs receive regarding patients with SMI, as well as to evaluate their perceptions, knowledge, and experiences with these patients and understand providers’ perceptions regarding rates of patients with SMI who present to primary care clinics in rural settings. The current study used a sample of rural primary care providers (N = 90) , surveyed via USPS mail. Results indicated significant differences in reported mental health training among providers from different disciplines. Greater reported mental health training significantly predicted lower levels of stigma, more correctly identified medical conditions comorbid with SMI, and greater reported comfort and confidence in treating patients with SMI. Providers reported differences in the number of patients with and without SMI seen in rural clinics. Implications for these findings are discussed.