Samhället har gått mot ett allt mer digitaliserat arbetssätt där många arbetsprocesser utförsdigitalt, vilket medför att allt mer information även lagras digitalt. Information är en värdefulltillgång för en organisation och behöver skyddas från olika typer av hot. Forskning har visat påatt organisationer investerar stora summor i tekniska åtgärder för att uppnå informationssäkerhet,detta trots att många incidenter snarare är att hänföra till den mänskliga faktorn.Informationssäkerhet är något som kan uppnås via lösningar där man har ett symbiotisktbetraktelsesätt rörande tekniken och människan. I detta arbete presenteras tillvägagångssätt i hurorganisationer kan arbeta med sina anställda för att öka deras medvetenhet beträffandeinformationssäkerhet och på så sätt uppnå en stark informationssäkerhet.

As the final larval stage before settlement, barnacle cyprids swim with six pairs of thoracic appendages used to maintain orientation, change direction, and swim against downwelling currents. This thesis examines thoracic appendage morphology and swimming behavior in cyprids of Balanus glandula Darwin, 1854. Cyprid swimming appendages carry arrays of plumose setae, unique among crustaceans in that setules of adjacent setae are permanently fused at their tips, creating a webbed setal array. Cyprids are drag-based swimmers, beating appendages sequentially through metachronal strokes during which interconnected arrays act as paddles. Setal arrays spread apart during metachronal power strokes (increasing surface area and drag force of the appendage) and collapse together during synchronous recovery strokes (decreasing surface area and limiting drag). Cyprids move at an average speed of 1.4 cm/sec (with peak speeds of 6 cm/sec) during a beat cycle, with a frequency of 16 beats/sec. This thesis includes previously unpublished co-authored material. / 2019-01-09

Th.--Lettres--Genève, 1987. N°: 268.

Geckos can freely climb on walls and ceilings against their body weight at speed of over 1ms-1. Switching between attachment and detachment seem simple and easy for geckos, without considering the surface to be dry or wet, smooth or rough, dirty or clean. In addition, gecko can shed dirt particles during use, keeping the adhesive pads clean. Mimicking this biological system can lead to a new class of dry adhesives for various applications. However, gecko’s unique dry self-cleaning mechanism remains unknown, which impedes the development of self-cleaning dry adhesives. In this dissertation we provide new evidence and self-cleaning mechanism to explain how gecko shed particles and keep its sticky feet clean. First we studied the dynamic enhancement observed between micro-sized particles and substrate under dry and wet conditions. The adhesion force of soft (polystyrene) and hard (SiO2 and Al2O3) micro-particles on soft (polystyrene) and hard (fused silica and sapphire) substrates was measured using an atomic force microscope (AFM) with retraction (z-piezo) speed ranging over 4 orders of magnitude. The adhesion is strongly enhanced by the dynamic effect. When the retraction speeds varies from 0.02 µm/s to 156 µm/s, the adhesion force increases by 10% ~ 50% in dry nitrogen while it increases by 15%~70% in humid air. A dynamic model was developed to explain this dynamic effect, which agrees well with the experimental results. Similar dynamic enhancement was also observed in aqueous solution. The influence of dynamic factors related to the adhesion enhancement, such as particle inertia, viscoelastic deformations and crack propagation, was discussed to understand the dynamic enhancement mechanisms. Although particles show dynamic enhancement, Gecko fabrillar hair shows a totally different trend. The pull off forces of a single gecko seta and spatula was tested by AFM under different pull-off velocities. The result shows that both the spatula and the seta have a rate independent adhesion response in normal retraction, which is quite different from micro-particles. Further research indicated the shape of the contact area was a key factor to the dynamic effect. In order to verify this hypothesis, artificial gecko spatula made of glass fibers was nanofabricated by a focus ion beam (FIB) and tested by AFM. These manmade spatulae also show a rate independent adhesion response. The dynamic adhesion of a single gecko seta and spatula were simulated with finite element analysis and the results also confirm the rate independent phenomena.. In conclusion, self-cleaning is induced by dynamic effect during gecko locomotion. The relative dynamic adhesion change between particles and seta makes it possible for gecko to shed the dirt particles while walking.Finally, the fatigue property of gecko seta was examined with the atomic force microscope under cyclic attachment/detachment process, mimicking gecko running. The adhesion force versus cycles has been tested and evaluated. Fatigue mechanism of gecko seta was also analyzed based on the experimental findings.

The South African Government launched a skills development initiative in February 2001 to be led by leaders of twenty five Sector Education Training Authorities (SETAs). This study identifies a strategy and the transformational leadership competencies to be included in the strategy to develop the SETA leaders. / Dr. A. Lategan

The goal of the study was to investigate the impact of stress on productivity of employees at the Education Training and Development Practices: Sector Education and Training Authority (ETDP SETA). According to Dean (2002:38), stress-related illnesses have been a leading cause for low productivity levels in the workplace. Immense pressure at work has led to stress, which makes it the number one factor that has lead to illness. For this study applied research was utilised, as its main goal was directed towards shedding light in as far as the impact of stress on productivity in the organisation was concerned. Thus the study helped to elucidate descriptive information on the impact of stress on employees at the ETDP SETA, and gave specific details about the phenomena in question. Research was conducted within the framework of a survey. No sampling was done, as the total population was very small. The respondents in this study were the 51 employees at the ETDP SETA who were employed during the commencement of the study. Questionnaires were designed and distributed by delegates, of the Head of Division Human Resources to all the sections at the ETDP SETA. From the results obtained it was evident that there were many stress factors that the employees at the ETDP SETA endured, and the enquiry proved that the impact of stress affected productivity negatively. The fact that the majority of the employees thought that the organisation did not care about them was a reflection of huge dissatisfaction that undoubtedly lowered productivity. / Dissertation (MA (Social Work Management))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Social Work and Criminology / unrestricted

Despite the best efforts of many organizations, protection of information assets continues to be a major problem for a number of firms. A large portion of data breaches can be attributed to employees of the organization, who have been commonly identified as the weakest link in an organization’s overall security profile. Organizations implement security policies to give their employees guidelines for appropriate behavior related to information protection. For policies to be effective, employees must exhibit adequate comprehension of the secure behaviors described in the policy. Security Education, Training, and Awareness (SETA) programs have been utilized as an organizational mechanism for communicating the details of security policies and the importance of employees’ compliance. Although researchers have identified the importance of SETA programs in the implementation of security policies, individual differences among employees may contribute to the effectiveness of a SETA program. One such difference is an employee’s orientation toward self-determined (intrinsic) or control-oriented (extrinsic) forms of motivation related to both the workplace context and situational tasks, such as participation in a SETA program. A theoretical model is developed to assess the influence of an employee’s overall work motivation and perceptions of the work environment on his or her situational motivation toward participating in an organization’s SETA program. Methods for capturing the hypothesized relationships and analysis of the associated data are described. The findings indicate that an employee’s perceptions of autonomy, competence, and relatedness while participating in the SETA program have a significant impact on the employee’s motivation toward the SETA program. SETA program motivation significantly influenced an employee’s attitude toward the information security policy (ISP), cognition of ISP concepts, and intention to comply with the ISP while also serving as a significant predictor of an employee’s decision to participate in an additional training program. Implications for both research and practice are discussed.

Offentliga organisationer har flera krafter som trycker och påverkar deras säkerhetspraktik, dessa är både externa men även interna. För att förstå hur den offentliga organisationen hanterar dessa krafter som kräver öppenhet respektive IT-säkerhet har studien använt sig av kvalitativ datainsamling i form av intervjuer med medarbetare med olika roller inom den offentliga sektorn. Studien har inspirerats av induktion som ansats och utvecklat sitt teoretiska ramverk efter det att empirin färdigställts. Teoretiska begrepp som används i analysen är bland annat det politiska systemet, skugg-IT och Information Security Awareness. Empirin består av intervjuer med personer som är anställda hos en offentlig organisation. Utmaningar för IT-säkerhetspraktiken uppstår i form av syn på utbildning och svårigheten att nå ut till personal som följd av den komplexitet som är inneboende i den offentliga organisationen. Studien ger insyn och förslag på hur detta skulle kunna hanteras för att göra arbetet att upprätthålla säkerheten mer effektiv. Arbetet utmynnar i framtagandet av ett ramverk som visualiserar det förlopp som aktualiseras i studien, där knyts sambandet mellan olika krafter och synpunkter som påverkar varandra. / Public organizations face various forces that exert pressure and influence their security practices, both externally and internally. To understand how public organizations manage these forces, which require both transparency and IT security, this study employed qualitative data collection in the form of interviews with employees in different roles within the public sector. The study was inspired by an inductive approach and developed its theoretical framework after the completion of empirical data gathering. The theoretical concepts used in the analysis include the political system, shadow IT, and Information Security Awareness. The empirical data consists of interviews with individuals employed by a public organization. Challenges for IT security practices arise in the form of differing views on education and the difficulty of reaching personnel due to the inherent complexity of the public organization. The study provides insight and suggestions on how to address these challenges in order to make the task of maintaining security more effective. The work culminates in the development of a framework that visualizes the progression highlighted in the study, establishing connections between the various forces and perspectives that influence one another.

Esta dissertação de mestrado analisa a seta como símbolo gráfico universal da comunicação visual, reconhecido por diferentes povos em diversas épocas e culturas. A pesquisa apresenta a seta como transmissora de informações essenciais por meio de seus vários significados e funções facilitando as interações sociais no mundo contemporâneo, diminuindo as dificuldades geradas por especificidades linguísticas e auxiliando na possibilidade de uma rápida interpretação das mensagens comunicadas, ainda que dentro de limites culturais. O estudo mostra que este símbolo gráfico é utilizado desde os tempos mais remotos, nas pinturas rupestres, até os dias atuais, com usos distintos em vários campos do conhecimento. O objetivo da análise é identificar os significados mais notáveis do símbolo gráfico seta, além de sua função direcional básica e como eles se desenvolveram em três modalidades de aplicação: (1) a seta nos sistemas de sinalização, orientando e dirigindo o fluxo do tráfego humano e suas variantes nos pictogramas e na sinalização viária, algumas vezes com significados distintos como o de \"encontro\", \"indicação\" ou \"localização\"; (2) a seta nos sistemas de esquematização em várias áreas do conhecimento, da vida cotidiana às representações científicas, empregada com diferentes funções, dependendo da intenção da mensagem a ser transmitida, entre elas: \"ação\", \"causa-efeito\", \"foco\", \"geração\", \"identificação\", \"intensidade\", \"limite\", \"relação\", \"sequência\", \"tempo\", \"transferência\" e \"transformação\"; (3) a seta nos sistemas de identidades visuais, representando empresas ou produtos visualmente e de forma ordenada, com novos significados vindos de associações semânticas relacionadas às situações específicas de cada marca e aos setores de mercado aos quais elas pertencem, como por exemplo: \"cobertura\", \"satisfação\", \"simpatia\", \"saúde\", \"crescimento\", \"desenvolvimento\", \"rapidez\", \"centralização\", \"prazer\" e \"suavidade\". É uma pesquisa qualitativa que pretende, com a análise e a interpretação das variáveis dos fenômenos particulares a cada campo de estudo, entender de forma ampla, partes das dimensões semântica e pragmática do símbolo gráfico em questão. Este estudo aprofundado pretende contribuir para o melhor entendimento e utilização da seta por comunicadores e designers, com maior conhecimento e propriedade, permitindo sua aplicação mais clara e efetiva nos sistemas de sinalização de grandes espaços, de esquematização da informação visual e de identidades visuais. / This thesis analyzes the arrow as a universal graphic symbol in visual communication, one recognized by different people in different times and cultures. The research presents the arrow as a transmitter of critical information through its various meanings and functions, facilitating social interactions in the contemporary world, lessening the difficulties caused by linguistic specificities and assisting in the possibility of a rapid interpretation, though still within cultural limits, of the messages communicated. The study shows that this graphic symbol has been used since ancient times, from cave paintings to the present day, with different uses in various fields of knowledge. The goal of the analysis is to identify the most notable meanings of the arrow graphic symbol, besides its basic directional function, and how these meanings developed into three types of applications: (1) the arrow in signage systems, guiding and directing the flow of human traffic and its variants in pictograms and road signs, sometimes with different meanings like \"meeting\", \"indication\" or \"location\"; (2) the arrow in diagrams in various areas of knowledge, from everyday life to scientific representations, used with different functions, depending on the intent of the message to be transmitted, including: \"action\", \"cause and effect\", \"focus\", \"generation\", \"identification\", \"intensity\", \"boundary\", \"relationship\", \"sequence\", \"time\", \"transfer\" and \"transformation\"; (3) the arrow in corporate identity systems, representing companies or products visually and in an orderly fashion, with new meanings coming from semantic associations related to the specific circumstances of each brand and market sectors to which they belong, such as: \"covering\", \"satisfaction\", \"sympathy\", \"health\", \"growth\", \"development\", \"speed\", \"centralization\", \"pleasure\", and \"softness\". This qualitative research seeks, with analysis and interpretation of the variables of phenomena specific to each field of study, to broadly understand parts of the semantic and pragmatic dimensions of the graphic symbol in question. This is in-depth study which aims to contribute to a better understanding and use of the arrow by communicators and designers, with greater knowledge and propriety, allowing for its clearer and more effective application in signage systems in large spaces, diagrams of visual information, and corporate identities.

Interprofessional education (IPE), a concept that brings students from different health care professions together in the learning process, has been adopted by some physical therapy (PT) schools as an alternative to traditional PT-only curricula. Both approaches have the goal of improving patient outcomes for an increasingly diverse population. There was a void in the research comparing IPE and traditional curricula in PT education. Grounded in the theoretical frameworks of adult and social learning theory, the purpose of this study was to examine differences in students' self-efficacy, cultural competence, and perceptions of the learning environment based on curricular type and prior to their first clinical internship. The nonexperimental, causal-comparative research design was used to test a single research question about differences in the 4 dependent variables based on curriculum format (IPE or traditional) for a balanced, random sample of 218 preclinical students from 6 different PT programs. The results of Hotelling's T2 and post hoc analysis revealed statistically significant, higher self-efficacy scores for students in IPE curriculum than ones in the traditional curriculum. No significant differences were found related to cultural competence and perception of learning environment. Results suggest that future research could examine the relationship between self-efficacy and cultural competence. The positive social change implication for this research was that preclinical PT students' in an IPE curriculum had increased self-efficacy as compared to those in traditional curricula. This information can be used to provide direction for PT programs as they work toward delivering exceptional educational experiences in order to improve patient outcomes and better society.