The most recent trend in the studies of LF intervention effects makes crucial reference to focusing effects on the interveners, and this paper critically examines the representative analyses of the focus-based approach. While each analysis has its own merits and shortcomings, I argue that a pragmatic analysis that does not make appeal to syntactic configurations is better equipped to deal with many of the complex and delicate facts surrounding intervention effects.

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Transportation has become an essential part of people's lives to move from one place to another, increasing the transport mobility for passengers. Therefore, road transport accounts for the second largest contributor to greenhouse gas emissions in Europe, and to increased congestion. Hence, reducing the share of car use can lead to reduced greenhouse gas emissions, congestion, etc. However, not all types of car travel could be reduced, therefore there is a need to maintain certain transport demand. Instead, passenger transport could be made more efficient, such as utilizing time, space, vehicles, and fuel in the movement without any waste. Efficiency in passenger transport could be achieved through a variety of interventions that aim to decrease the share of car use. The aim of this master thesis is to state interventions that reduce the share of car use and achieve efficient passenger transport. / <p>Examensarbetet är utfört vid Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap (ITN) vid Tekniska fakulteten, Linköpings universitet</p>