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Intra-Familial and Extra-Familial Child Sexual Abuse: Differences in Swedish Court CasesBergh, Charlotta January 2017 (has links)
Child sexual abuse (CSA) has been shown to differ depending on the relationship between child complainant and defendant, yet no found studies have compared intra-familial and extra-familial CSA in Sweden. The present thesis aimed to study quantitative differences between alleged intra-familial and extra-familial cases of CSA. Cases from Swedish District Courts (n = 174) of sexual abuse against children up to 7 years old were analyzed. In line with previous research, several differences in characteristics between alleged intra- and extra-familial cases were found. A significant difference in juridical decision to convict or acquit was also shown, with more intra-familial cases resulting in acquittal and more extra-familial cases resulting in conviction. Extra-familial relationship was also a significant predictor to conviction. Future studies may want to further examine whether an explanation for the difference in juridical decision could be found in differences in evidence provided. / Fall rörande sexuella övergrepp på barn har visats vara olika beroende vilket förhållande det målsägande barnet och den anklagade har. Trots det har inga svenska studier hittats som jämför rättsfall som berör sexuella övergrepp på barn med avseende på skillnader mellan fall som skett inom och utom familjen. Syftet med denna examensuppsats var att undersöka kvantitativa skillnader mellan påstådda rättsfall av sexuella övergrepp som skett inom och utom familjen. Rättsfall som berörde sexuella övergrepp på barn upp till 7 år från svenska tingsrätter (n = 174) analyserades. I linje med tidigare forskning påvisades flertalet skillnader mellan fall som skett inom och utanför familjen. Det påvisades även en signifikant skillnad i domstolens beslut att fria eller fälla, med fler friade fall som skett inom familj och fler fällda fall där det påstådda brottet skett utanför familj. En utom-familjär relation mellan målsägande och anklagade var dessutom en signifikant prediktor för en fällande dom. Förslag på framtida forskning kan vara att vidare undersöka huruvida skillnaden i beslutet att fria eller fälla kan förklaras av skillnader i tillgången på bevis.
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Marriage market and intra-household allocation : essays in economics of family and education / Formation des couples et allocation des ressources au sein des ménages : essais en économie de la famille et de l’éducationGoussé, Marion 17 June 2014 (has links)
Cette thèse étudie la formation des familles, leur organisation et les systèmes d’éducation. Les deux premiers chapitres traitent du choix du conjoint et du partage des ressources au sein du couple. Je modélise tout d’abord comment les individus se rencontrent et décident de se mettre en couple ou non en fonction de leur niveau d’éducation, de leur revenu et leur apparence physique. J’utilise des données américaines où j’observe qui est marié avec qui et pour combien de temps, ce qui me permet d’identifier les préférences des individus. Le deuxième chapitre analyse les effets du mariage sur certaines tendances économiques comme les inégalités de revenu ou les offres de travail. Dans ce chapitre, les personnes en couple se partagent leur revenu et choisissent ensemble la meilleure organisation pour travailler et accomplir les taches domestiques et élever les enfants. Avec des données britanniques, j’identifie les transferts de revenu qui existent entre les hommes et les femmes et je montre que ces transferts augmentent le travail des hommes mariés et diminuent celui des femmes mariées. Les deux derniers chapitres étudient l’efficacité du collège français et notamment la pratique du redoublement. Le troisième chapitre mobilise des méthodes de décomposition pour évaluer dans quelle mesure la baisse des scores des élèves français aux tests PISA peut être attribuée à des changements dans les caractéristiques des élèves ou à des changements dans les rendements de l’éducation. Enfin, le dernier chapitre se concentre particulièrement sur le redoublement et utilise des données de panel sur les collégiens français pour évaluer l’impact du redoublement sur leurs résultats. / This dissertation deals with family formation, family organization and education systems. The first two chapters study how people choose their partners and how they share their income. First, I focus on couple formation and I model how people meet and decide to match or not. People can choose their partner according to their education level, their wage and their physical attractiveness. Using American data, I observe who matches with whom and who stays single and for how long to recover the preferences of individuals in terms of mating. The second chapter attempts to understand how the efficiency and the sorting of the marriage market could impact economic outcomes such as income inequalities or labor supplies. In this chapter, when people marry, they share their income and decide how much each of them will work on the market and at home to raise children or do the housework. Using British data, I recover the amount of monetary transfers which exist between household members and show that these transfers make married women work less on the market and married men work more. The last two chapters of this dissertation focus on the French education system and on the impact of grade retention policies. In the third chapter I use decomposition methods to assess to which extent the decrease in French student’s score at PISA tests can be attributed to the changes in student’s characteristics or to the changes in school returns. Finally, in the last chapter, I use an estimation strategy to get rid of this selection effect and we use a panel data on French High School students to evaluate the impact of grade retention on their scores.
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Resilience in Adult Victims of Intra-Familial Childhood Sexual AbuseLeszczyńska, Marta January 2024 (has links)
This study aims to address a gap in resilience research by focusing on adult survivors of intra-familial childhood sexual abuse and identifying patterns of behaviour and coping mechanisms that contribute to their resilience. As a result of conducting thematic analysis, six themes were identified: survivor mentality, belief in higher power, therapy, parenthood, passion/goals, and forgiveness. The findings of this study indicate that among adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse, those victimised by family members consider engagement in therapy as highly beneficial for achieving resilience. Additionally, they do not view a stable and supportive family environment or adult relationships as significant to achieving their resilience, unlike those with unknown relationships to their abuser. These findings highlight the differences in coping mechanisms observed between resilient victims of intra-familial and extra-familial childhood sexual abuse, suggesting the need for tailored interventions and victim treatments based not only on the nature of the crime but also on the relationship with the abuser, particularly in cases of abuse within family settings.
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