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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Axitinib Loaded PLGA nanoparticles for Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Narvekar, Priya P. 20 March 2019 (has links)
Despite of all the research going on for the treatment of ocular diseases, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) remains one of the serious vision threatening disease worldwide. Choroidal neovascularization, a pathophysiological characteristic of wet AMD, is the growth of anomalous blood vessels in the eye choroidal layer. Neovascularization is a key factor in AMD and thus anti-angiogenic therapy is beneficial in reducing the development of new abnormal blood vessels to prevent progression of AMD. Axitinib, multi-receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is a small molecule that works by blocking vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR) and platelet derived growth factor receptors (PDGFR) responsible for developing neovascularization. Thus, goal of this study was to develop and characterise a sustained release formulation of Axitinib loaded poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were characterized for particle size and zeta potential as well as using DSC, TEM and in vitro drug release profile. The cytotoxicity of the formulation was evaluated on human retinal pigmented epithelium ARPE19 cells by MTT assay. The cellular uptake, anti-migration assay, and VEGF expression levels were found out in vitro using cells. The optimized formulation was 131.33 ± 31.20 nm in size with -4.63± 0.76 mV zeta potential. Entrapment efficiency was found to be 87.9 ± 2.7%. The cytotoxicity of ARPE19 cells was less than 12% for nanoparticles suggesting the in vitro compatibility at 10 µM concentration of drug. Cellular uptake, anti-migration assay and VEGF expression levels for the nanoparticles had greater uptake, had significant anti-angiogenic potential and exhibited inhibition of VEGF activity. The results showed successful development of axitinib loaded PLGA nanoparticles as an alternative potential treatment option for AMD.
2

RECURRENCE OF CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION LESION ACTIVITY AFTER AFLIBERCEPT TREATMENT FOR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION / 加齢黄斑変性に対するアフリベルセプト治療後の脈絡膜新生血管病変活動性の再発

Wakazono, Tomotaka 26 March 2018 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第20975号 / 医博第4321号 / 新制||医||1026(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 川上 浩司, 教授 鈴木 茂彦, 教授 開 祐司 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM
3

Investigation of Kinetics of Methotrexate for Therapeutic Treatment of Intraocular Lymphoma

Palakurthi, Nikhil Kumar January 2010 (has links)
No description available.
4

Estudo morfológico e eletrofisiológico dos efeitos da injeção intravítrea de ácido micofenólico em coelhos utilizando um modelo de uveíte crônica experimental / Morphological and electrophysiological study of the effects of the intravitreal injection of mycophenolic acid in rabbits using an experimental model of chronic uveitis

Liber, André Maurício Passos 03 March 2016 (has links)
Uveítes são inflamações intra-oculares geralmente crônicas e constituem uma das principais causas de cegueira no mundo. Os corticosteroides são a droga de primeira escolha para o tratamento das uveítes não infecciosas, mas muitas vezes há necessidade do uso de outras drogas imunossupressoras. O micofenolato de mofetila (MMF) é um potente imunossupressor administrado por via oral que vem sendo utilizado com sucesso no tratamento das uveítes, mas cujos efeitos colaterais muitas vezes tornam necessária sua suspensão. O MMF é uma pró-droga, que é transformada no fígado em ácido micofenólico (MPA), o imunossupressor ativo. Para minimizar os efeitos colaterais do uso do MPA e permitir que o olho receba uma dose maior da droga, testamos os efeitos da injeção intravítrea do MPA em um modelo de uveíte crônica experimental (UCE) em olhos de coelhos. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: 1) reproduzir um modelo de UCE em coelhos através da injeção intravítrea de M. tuberculosis; 2) estabelecer uma dose segura de MPA a ser injetada no vítreo; e 3) analisar os efeitos morfológicos, clínicos e eletrofisiológicos da injeção intravítrea de MPA em coelhos utilizados como modelo de UCE. O modelo de UCE reproduzido apresentou uma inflamação autolimitada, possuindo um pico de inflamação no 17° dia após a indução da uveíte. As doses de MPA testadas (0,1 e 1mg) não foram toxicas para a retina do coelho. O modelo de UCE recebeu uma injeção intravítrea de 0,1mg de MPA e as análises clinicas demonstraram uma redução na inflamação. As análises realizadas com o eletrorretinograma (ERG) também apontaram uma melhora na inflamação através da recuperação da latência das ondas-a e b (fotópicas e escotópica) e recuperação da amplitude da onda-a (fotópica). As análises morfológicas com HE não apresentaram alterações na estrutura retinia, porem a imunohistoquimica para proteína GFAP evidenciou gliose das células de Müller, sinalizando um processo inflamatório. Concluímos que o modelo de UCE reproduziu uma uveíte anterior semelhante à uveíte causada em humanos e a dose de MPA utilizada apresentou efeitos terapêuticos durante o pico de inflamação, mostrando uma diminuição da inflamação e promovendo a recuperação de fotorreceptores e células bipolares-ON. Este resultado faz das injeções intravítreas de MPA um recurso promissor no tratamento de uveítes. Porém, novos experimentos são necessários para padronizar os resultados encontrados / Uveitis is an intraocular inflammation usually chronic and a major cause of blindness in the world. Corticosteroids are the first choice drug for treatment of non-infectious uveitis, but other immunosuppressive drugs are usually required. Mycophenolate mofetil is a powerful immunosuppressant orally administered that has been used successfully in the treatment of uveitis, but whose side effects often lead to the suspension of the drug intake. The Mycophenolate mofetil is a prodrug, which isconverted in the liver to mycophenolic acid (MPA), the active immunosuppressant. To minimize side effects of the use of mycophenolic acid and to enable a higher administration dose in the eye, we tested the effects of the intravitreal injection of mycophenolic acid in an experimental model of chronic uveitis (ECU) in rabbit eyes. The objectives of this study were: 1) to reproduce an ECU model in rabbits by intravitreal injection of M. tuberculosis; 2) to establish a safe dose of mycophenolic acid to be injected into the vitreous; and 3) to analyze the morphological, clinical and electrophysiological effects of the intravitreal injection of mycophenolic acid in rabbits used as a model of ECU. The ECU model reproduced showed a self-limiting inflammation, having a peak of inflammation at 17 days after uveitis induction. Both MPA doses we tested (0.1 and 1 mg) were not toxic to the retina. The ECU model received an intravitreal injection of 0.1 mg of MPA and clinical analysis demonstrated a reduction of the inflammation. The electroretinography (ERG) analysis also indicated an improvement in the inflammation process by restoring the latency of the a-wave and b-wave (photopic and scotopic) and by the recovery of the a-wave amplitude (photopic). The morphological analysis with HE showed no changes in the retinal structure, however the immunohistochemistry for GFAP protein showed gliosis of Müller cells, indicating an inflammatory process. We conclude that the ECU model reproduced an anterior uveitis similar to the human uveitis and the MPA dose we used showed therapeutic effects during the inflammation peak, reducing the inflammation and promoting the recovery of photoreceptors and ON bipolar cells. This makes intravitreal injections of MPA a promising resource in the treatment of uveitis. Future studies are necessary to standardize the present findings
5

Estudo farmacológico, eletrofisiológico, imunocitoquímico e morfológico da injeção intravítrea de aciclovir em coelhos / Pharmacological, electrophysiological, immunocytochemical and morphological study of intravitreal injection of aciclovir in rabbits

Takahashi, Beatriz Sayuri 17 April 2017 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: A administração de aciclovir por via sistêmica é o tratamento de escolha para a necrose aguda de retina. Entretanto, por ser uma doença rapidamente progressiva, a injeção intravítrea de aciclovir ao diagnóstico pode ser utilizada como terapia adjuvante, enquanto o aciclovir sistêmico ainda não alcançou níveis terapêuticos na retina. Os objetivos deste estudo experimental foram determinar a meia-vida do aciclovir no vítreo após injeção intravítrea e determinar os efeitos funcionais e morfológicos do aciclovir na retina de coelhos saudáveis após injeção intravítrea do medicamento em diferentes doses. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 32 coelhos albinos da raça New Zealand (estudo farmacológico) e 86 coelhos pigmentados da raça Dutch Belted (30 no estudo eletrofisiológico, 36 no estudo morfológico com microscopia de luz e 20 no estudo morfológico com imuno-histoquímica). Para a determinação da meia-vida do aciclovir no vítreo, os 32 coelhos albinos receberam injeção intravítrea de aciclovir 1 mg e foram sacrificados nos dias 2, 9, 14 e 28. Para a avaliação funcional e microscopia de luz, os 66 coelhos pigmentados receberam três doses intravítreas de aciclovir (0,1; 1 ou 10 mg) no olho direito e soro fisiológico no olho esquerdo. Destes, 30 animais foram submetidos ao eletrorretinograma (ERG) antes da injeção e nos dias 2, 7 e 15 após a injeção. Para a análise histológica (microscopia de luz), 36 animais foram sacrificados 2, 7 e 15 dias após a injeção. Para imuno-histoquímica (apoptose, GFAP, DAPI e vimentina), os 20 coelhos pigmentados receberam injeção intravítrea de 1 e 10 mg de aciclovir e foram sacrificados após cinco dias. RESULTADOS: No estudo da meia-vida do aciclovir no vítreo, as concentrações médias de aciclovir no vítreo foram 0,25, 0,09, 0,06 e 0,08 ?g/ml, respectivamente 2, 9, 14 e 28 dias depois da injeção. Nos estudos eletrofisiológico e de microscopia de luz, os olhos que receberam injeção intravítrea de 0,1 mg de aciclovir não apresentaram alterações funcionais ou histológicas. Os olhos injetados com 1 mg de aciclovir apresentaram redução significativa da amplitude das ondas a e b no ERG e desalinhamento dos fotorreceptores na microscopia de luz. Estes achados regrediram no 15º dia. Os olhos que receberam injeção intravítrea de 10 mg de aciclovir apresentaram as mesmas alterações funcionais, mas que não regrediram após o 15º dia. À microscopia de luz, esses olhos apresentaram destruição da camada de fotorreceptores e desorganização de toda a retina. Na camada de células ganglionares houve áreas com ausência de células da retina interna. A imuno-histoquímica mostrou lesão das células de Müller e apoptose de fotorreceptores apenas nos animais injetados com 10 mg. CONCLUSÕES: A meia-vida do aciclovir no vítreo após injeção intravítrea é muito curta para a sua detecção em dias. Os resultados funcionais e morfológicos sugerem que a injeção intravítrea de aciclovir em coelhos causa alterações tóxicas dose e tempo dependentes nos fotorreceptores e nos neurônios pós-receptorais da retina. A dose de 0,1 mg de aciclovir parece ser segura para injeção intravítrea em coelhos e pode ser utilizada em modelos experimentais de uveíte ou retinite viral / OBJECTIVE: The gold standard for the treatment of acute retinal necrosis is the use of systemic intravenous acyclovir. Nevertheless, as a rapidly progressive disease, use of intravitreal acyclovir injection at the time of diagnosis may be a second therapy until the systemic acyclovir reaches therapeutic levels in the retina. The aim of this experimental study was to determine pharmacological levels of the drug in the vitreous within days and to determine the functional and morphologic effects of acyclovir in the retina of healthy rabbits, after intravitreal injections in different dosages. METHODS: We have used 32 albino New Zealand rabbits for the pharmacologic experiments and 86 pigmented Dutch Belted animals for electrophysiology, immunochemistry and morphology. Thirty rabbits were used for the electrophysiological study, 36 were used for the light microscopy morphology and 20 animals were used for immunochemistry morphology. For the half-life study, the 32 albino rabbits received a 1mg acyclovir intravitreal injection and they were euthanized at 2, 9, 14 and 28 days. For functional and morphologic evaluations, the 66 pigmented animals received one of 3 intravitreal dosages of acyclovir (0,1; 1 or 10 mg) in the right eye and saline in the left eye. For the functional evaluation, 30 pigmented animals underwent electroretinography before the injection and on days 2, 7 and 15 after the procedure. For the histology with light microscopy, 36 animals were euthanized on days 2, 7 and 15 after the injection. Twenty rabbits that received 1 and 10mg of acyclovir were euthanized on day 5 were used for the immunohistochemistry to evaluate apoptosis, with GFAP, DAPI and vimentin. RESULTS: For the pharmacology study, the mean acyclovir concentrations when 1?g/ml was injected into the vitreous were respectively 0,25; 0,09; 0,06 e 0,08?g/ml on days 2, 9, 14 and 28 after injected. The eyes that received 0,1 mg acyclovir showed no functional or histological alterations. The eyes injected with 1 mg acyclovir had significant reduction on a and b waves amplitude and photoreceptor misalignment, which regressed on day 15. The 10mg injected eyes, showed the same electrophysiology changes. The retinas of those animals had photoreceptor layer destruction and total retina disorganization. In the ganglion cell layer, there were areas of absence of internal retinal cells. The immunohistochemistry showed Müller cells lesion and photoreceptor apoptosis in the 10mg animals. CONCLUSIONS: Acyclovir half-life is too short for its detection within days. The functional and morphological results suggest that the intravitreal acyclovir injection in rabbits cause toxic changes that are dose and time dependent on photoreceptors and post-receptor neurons in the retina. The 0,1 mg acyclovir dosage seems to be safe for intravitreal use in rabbits and may be studied in experimental models of viral uveitis or retinitis
6

Estudo farmacológico, eletrofisiológico, imunocitoquímico e morfológico da injeção intravítrea de aciclovir em coelhos / Pharmacological, electrophysiological, immunocytochemical and morphological study of intravitreal injection of aciclovir in rabbits

Beatriz Sayuri Takahashi 17 April 2017 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: A administração de aciclovir por via sistêmica é o tratamento de escolha para a necrose aguda de retina. Entretanto, por ser uma doença rapidamente progressiva, a injeção intravítrea de aciclovir ao diagnóstico pode ser utilizada como terapia adjuvante, enquanto o aciclovir sistêmico ainda não alcançou níveis terapêuticos na retina. Os objetivos deste estudo experimental foram determinar a meia-vida do aciclovir no vítreo após injeção intravítrea e determinar os efeitos funcionais e morfológicos do aciclovir na retina de coelhos saudáveis após injeção intravítrea do medicamento em diferentes doses. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 32 coelhos albinos da raça New Zealand (estudo farmacológico) e 86 coelhos pigmentados da raça Dutch Belted (30 no estudo eletrofisiológico, 36 no estudo morfológico com microscopia de luz e 20 no estudo morfológico com imuno-histoquímica). Para a determinação da meia-vida do aciclovir no vítreo, os 32 coelhos albinos receberam injeção intravítrea de aciclovir 1 mg e foram sacrificados nos dias 2, 9, 14 e 28. Para a avaliação funcional e microscopia de luz, os 66 coelhos pigmentados receberam três doses intravítreas de aciclovir (0,1; 1 ou 10 mg) no olho direito e soro fisiológico no olho esquerdo. Destes, 30 animais foram submetidos ao eletrorretinograma (ERG) antes da injeção e nos dias 2, 7 e 15 após a injeção. Para a análise histológica (microscopia de luz), 36 animais foram sacrificados 2, 7 e 15 dias após a injeção. Para imuno-histoquímica (apoptose, GFAP, DAPI e vimentina), os 20 coelhos pigmentados receberam injeção intravítrea de 1 e 10 mg de aciclovir e foram sacrificados após cinco dias. RESULTADOS: No estudo da meia-vida do aciclovir no vítreo, as concentrações médias de aciclovir no vítreo foram 0,25, 0,09, 0,06 e 0,08 ?g/ml, respectivamente 2, 9, 14 e 28 dias depois da injeção. Nos estudos eletrofisiológico e de microscopia de luz, os olhos que receberam injeção intravítrea de 0,1 mg de aciclovir não apresentaram alterações funcionais ou histológicas. Os olhos injetados com 1 mg de aciclovir apresentaram redução significativa da amplitude das ondas a e b no ERG e desalinhamento dos fotorreceptores na microscopia de luz. Estes achados regrediram no 15º dia. Os olhos que receberam injeção intravítrea de 10 mg de aciclovir apresentaram as mesmas alterações funcionais, mas que não regrediram após o 15º dia. À microscopia de luz, esses olhos apresentaram destruição da camada de fotorreceptores e desorganização de toda a retina. Na camada de células ganglionares houve áreas com ausência de células da retina interna. A imuno-histoquímica mostrou lesão das células de Müller e apoptose de fotorreceptores apenas nos animais injetados com 10 mg. CONCLUSÕES: A meia-vida do aciclovir no vítreo após injeção intravítrea é muito curta para a sua detecção em dias. Os resultados funcionais e morfológicos sugerem que a injeção intravítrea de aciclovir em coelhos causa alterações tóxicas dose e tempo dependentes nos fotorreceptores e nos neurônios pós-receptorais da retina. A dose de 0,1 mg de aciclovir parece ser segura para injeção intravítrea em coelhos e pode ser utilizada em modelos experimentais de uveíte ou retinite viral / OBJECTIVE: The gold standard for the treatment of acute retinal necrosis is the use of systemic intravenous acyclovir. Nevertheless, as a rapidly progressive disease, use of intravitreal acyclovir injection at the time of diagnosis may be a second therapy until the systemic acyclovir reaches therapeutic levels in the retina. The aim of this experimental study was to determine pharmacological levels of the drug in the vitreous within days and to determine the functional and morphologic effects of acyclovir in the retina of healthy rabbits, after intravitreal injections in different dosages. METHODS: We have used 32 albino New Zealand rabbits for the pharmacologic experiments and 86 pigmented Dutch Belted animals for electrophysiology, immunochemistry and morphology. Thirty rabbits were used for the electrophysiological study, 36 were used for the light microscopy morphology and 20 animals were used for immunochemistry morphology. For the half-life study, the 32 albino rabbits received a 1mg acyclovir intravitreal injection and they were euthanized at 2, 9, 14 and 28 days. For functional and morphologic evaluations, the 66 pigmented animals received one of 3 intravitreal dosages of acyclovir (0,1; 1 or 10 mg) in the right eye and saline in the left eye. For the functional evaluation, 30 pigmented animals underwent electroretinography before the injection and on days 2, 7 and 15 after the procedure. For the histology with light microscopy, 36 animals were euthanized on days 2, 7 and 15 after the injection. Twenty rabbits that received 1 and 10mg of acyclovir were euthanized on day 5 were used for the immunohistochemistry to evaluate apoptosis, with GFAP, DAPI and vimentin. RESULTS: For the pharmacology study, the mean acyclovir concentrations when 1?g/ml was injected into the vitreous were respectively 0,25; 0,09; 0,06 e 0,08?g/ml on days 2, 9, 14 and 28 after injected. The eyes that received 0,1 mg acyclovir showed no functional or histological alterations. The eyes injected with 1 mg acyclovir had significant reduction on a and b waves amplitude and photoreceptor misalignment, which regressed on day 15. The 10mg injected eyes, showed the same electrophysiology changes. The retinas of those animals had photoreceptor layer destruction and total retina disorganization. In the ganglion cell layer, there were areas of absence of internal retinal cells. The immunohistochemistry showed Müller cells lesion and photoreceptor apoptosis in the 10mg animals. CONCLUSIONS: Acyclovir half-life is too short for its detection within days. The functional and morphological results suggest that the intravitreal acyclovir injection in rabbits cause toxic changes that are dose and time dependent on photoreceptors and post-receptor neurons in the retina. The 0,1 mg acyclovir dosage seems to be safe for intravitreal use in rabbits and may be studied in experimental models of viral uveitis or retinitis
7

Estudo morfológico e eletrofisiológico dos efeitos da injeção intravítrea de ácido micofenólico em coelhos utilizando um modelo de uveíte crônica experimental / Morphological and electrophysiological study of the effects of the intravitreal injection of mycophenolic acid in rabbits using an experimental model of chronic uveitis

André Maurício Passos Liber 03 March 2016 (has links)
Uveítes são inflamações intra-oculares geralmente crônicas e constituem uma das principais causas de cegueira no mundo. Os corticosteroides são a droga de primeira escolha para o tratamento das uveítes não infecciosas, mas muitas vezes há necessidade do uso de outras drogas imunossupressoras. O micofenolato de mofetila (MMF) é um potente imunossupressor administrado por via oral que vem sendo utilizado com sucesso no tratamento das uveítes, mas cujos efeitos colaterais muitas vezes tornam necessária sua suspensão. O MMF é uma pró-droga, que é transformada no fígado em ácido micofenólico (MPA), o imunossupressor ativo. Para minimizar os efeitos colaterais do uso do MPA e permitir que o olho receba uma dose maior da droga, testamos os efeitos da injeção intravítrea do MPA em um modelo de uveíte crônica experimental (UCE) em olhos de coelhos. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: 1) reproduzir um modelo de UCE em coelhos através da injeção intravítrea de M. tuberculosis; 2) estabelecer uma dose segura de MPA a ser injetada no vítreo; e 3) analisar os efeitos morfológicos, clínicos e eletrofisiológicos da injeção intravítrea de MPA em coelhos utilizados como modelo de UCE. O modelo de UCE reproduzido apresentou uma inflamação autolimitada, possuindo um pico de inflamação no 17° dia após a indução da uveíte. As doses de MPA testadas (0,1 e 1mg) não foram toxicas para a retina do coelho. O modelo de UCE recebeu uma injeção intravítrea de 0,1mg de MPA e as análises clinicas demonstraram uma redução na inflamação. As análises realizadas com o eletrorretinograma (ERG) também apontaram uma melhora na inflamação através da recuperação da latência das ondas-a e b (fotópicas e escotópica) e recuperação da amplitude da onda-a (fotópica). As análises morfológicas com HE não apresentaram alterações na estrutura retinia, porem a imunohistoquimica para proteína GFAP evidenciou gliose das células de Müller, sinalizando um processo inflamatório. Concluímos que o modelo de UCE reproduziu uma uveíte anterior semelhante à uveíte causada em humanos e a dose de MPA utilizada apresentou efeitos terapêuticos durante o pico de inflamação, mostrando uma diminuição da inflamação e promovendo a recuperação de fotorreceptores e células bipolares-ON. Este resultado faz das injeções intravítreas de MPA um recurso promissor no tratamento de uveítes. Porém, novos experimentos são necessários para padronizar os resultados encontrados / Uveitis is an intraocular inflammation usually chronic and a major cause of blindness in the world. Corticosteroids are the first choice drug for treatment of non-infectious uveitis, but other immunosuppressive drugs are usually required. Mycophenolate mofetil is a powerful immunosuppressant orally administered that has been used successfully in the treatment of uveitis, but whose side effects often lead to the suspension of the drug intake. The Mycophenolate mofetil is a prodrug, which isconverted in the liver to mycophenolic acid (MPA), the active immunosuppressant. To minimize side effects of the use of mycophenolic acid and to enable a higher administration dose in the eye, we tested the effects of the intravitreal injection of mycophenolic acid in an experimental model of chronic uveitis (ECU) in rabbit eyes. The objectives of this study were: 1) to reproduce an ECU model in rabbits by intravitreal injection of M. tuberculosis; 2) to establish a safe dose of mycophenolic acid to be injected into the vitreous; and 3) to analyze the morphological, clinical and electrophysiological effects of the intravitreal injection of mycophenolic acid in rabbits used as a model of ECU. The ECU model reproduced showed a self-limiting inflammation, having a peak of inflammation at 17 days after uveitis induction. Both MPA doses we tested (0.1 and 1 mg) were not toxic to the retina. The ECU model received an intravitreal injection of 0.1 mg of MPA and clinical analysis demonstrated a reduction of the inflammation. The electroretinography (ERG) analysis also indicated an improvement in the inflammation process by restoring the latency of the a-wave and b-wave (photopic and scotopic) and by the recovery of the a-wave amplitude (photopic). The morphological analysis with HE showed no changes in the retinal structure, however the immunohistochemistry for GFAP protein showed gliosis of Müller cells, indicating an inflammatory process. We conclude that the ECU model reproduced an anterior uveitis similar to the human uveitis and the MPA dose we used showed therapeutic effects during the inflammation peak, reducing the inflammation and promoting the recovery of photoreceptors and ON bipolar cells. This makes intravitreal injections of MPA a promising resource in the treatment of uveitis. Future studies are necessary to standardize the present findings
8

Predictors of lost to follow up among patients with ischemic retinopathies: a retrospective cohort study

Swartz, Sinjin Charles 29 November 2020 (has links)
PURPOSE: Retinal and choroidal ischemic retinopathies such as retinal-vein occlusion (RVO), diabetic retinopathy (DR), and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are ocular diseases caused by abnormal changes in the microvasculature. The ischemia can lead to macular edema or neovascularization, which can affect vision. Intravitreal injections (IVI) of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) can help to reduce macular edema and improve visual acuity. Lost to follow-up (LTFU) after anti-VEGF injections increases the risk of vision loss in patients with RVO, DR, and AMD. METHODS: Patients scheduled for an IVI of anti-VEGF between September 2009 and September 2019 with either RVO, DR, or AMD were included in the analysis. LTFU was defined as missing an appointment without another evaluation for at least one interval exceeding 180 days. All patients were seen by a single provider at an urban, hospital-based, single-site retina practice in Boston, MA. RESULTS: Among the 698 patients (mean [SD] age, 70.23 [14.2] years; 373 [53.4%] female) identified as receiving an IVI, 121 (17.3%) were LTFU. Age was not found to be statistically different between the LTFU and not LTFU groups (mean difference, -1.67; 95% CI, -4.66¬–1.32; P=.27). Odds of LTFU was lower among patients with AMD (odds ratio [OR], 0.57; 95% CI, 0.36-0.92; P=.02). Odds of LTFU was greater among patients with Medicaid insurance (OR, 2.31; 95% CI, 1.22-4.33; P=.01), compared with patients with Medicare insurance. A trend towards higher risk of LTFU was seen in patients with DR (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 0.94-2.15; P=.09) and a toward lower risk in patients with two or more eye diseases (OR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.24-1.15; P=.10). Medicaid insurance was the only significant (P=.02) independent risk factor of LTFU in the multivariate regression. CONCLUSION: We found a high rate of LTFU after anti-VEGF injections among patients with RVO, DR, AMD, and identified risk and protective factors associated with LTFU among this population. Although our results may not be generalizable, data on LTFU in a clinical practice setting are needed to understand the scope of the problem so that interventions may be designed to improve outcomes.
9

Sustained Delivery of Anti-VEGF for Treating Wet Age-related Macular Degeneration

Jiang, Pengfei 13 November 2020 (has links)
No description available.
10

Intravitreal injection of low-dose Gentamicin: an alternative method of management for equine recurrent uveitis

Fischer, Britta Maria 10 November 2020 (has links)
Die Technik der intravitrealen Gentamicin Injektion darzulegen, die Auswirkungen dieser auf die klinischen Symptome von Uveitiden, sowie die möglichen unmittelbaren Komplikationen (innerhalb von 24 Stunden) und längerfristigen Komplikationen (30 bis 780 Tage) die mit dieser Technik verbunden sein können, zu beschreiben. Zusätzlich wurde der okuläre und systemische Leptospiren- Status ermittelt und der Einfluss dieser auf das Behandlungsergebnis untersucht.:Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION 1 2 LITERATURE OVERVIEW 2 2.1 Etiology and pathogenesis 2 2.1.1 Proposed etiologies 2 2.1.2 ERU: an immune mediated disease 3 2.2 Leptospirosis and ERU 4 2.2.1 Genetic predisposition for ERU 6 2.3 Definition of ERU 7 2.3.1 Classification and syndromes 7 2.3.2 Clinical symptoms 8 2.4 Diagnostic testing for ERU (Leptospira) 8 2.4.1 Sample collection (aqueous humor, vitreous humor, serum) 8 2.4.2 Methodology 9 2.4.2.1 Microagglutination test (MAT) 9 2.4.2.2 Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 10 2.4.2.3 Cultures 10 2.5 Treatment of ERU 10 2.5.1 Medical management 10 2.5.2 Intravitreal and suprachoroidal injections 11 2.5.2.1 Intravitreal rapamycin injections 11 2.5.2.2 Intravitreal triamcinolone injections 11 2.5.2.3 Suprachoroidal triamcinolone injections 12 2.5.2.4 Low-dose intravitreal gentamicin injections 12 2.5.3 Surgical procedures 13 2.5.3.1 Suprachoroidal cyclosporine implants 13 2.5.3.2 Pars plana vitrectomy 14 3 PUBLICATIONS 16 3.1 Intravitreal injection of low-dose gentamicin for the treatment of recurrent or persistent uveitis in horses: Preliminary results 16 3.2 Medical and Surgical Management of Equine Recurrent Uveitis 29 4 DISCUSSION 47 5 ZUSAMMENFASSUNG 51 6 SUMMARY 52 7 REFERENCES 53 / To describe the intravitreal gentamicin injection technique, report the effects of the injection on the clinical signs of uveitis and to describe the associated peri-injection (within 24 hours) and post-injection complications (30 to 780 days). Additionally, evaluation of the systemic and ocular Leptospira status and its effects on the treatment outcome was performed.:Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION 1 2 LITERATURE OVERVIEW 2 2.1 Etiology and pathogenesis 2 2.1.1 Proposed etiologies 2 2.1.2 ERU: an immune mediated disease 3 2.2 Leptospirosis and ERU 4 2.2.1 Genetic predisposition for ERU 6 2.3 Definition of ERU 7 2.3.1 Classification and syndromes 7 2.3.2 Clinical symptoms 8 2.4 Diagnostic testing for ERU (Leptospira) 8 2.4.1 Sample collection (aqueous humor, vitreous humor, serum) 8 2.4.2 Methodology 9 2.4.2.1 Microagglutination test (MAT) 9 2.4.2.2 Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 10 2.4.2.3 Cultures 10 2.5 Treatment of ERU 10 2.5.1 Medical management 10 2.5.2 Intravitreal and suprachoroidal injections 11 2.5.2.1 Intravitreal rapamycin injections 11 2.5.2.2 Intravitreal triamcinolone injections 11 2.5.2.3 Suprachoroidal triamcinolone injections 12 2.5.2.4 Low-dose intravitreal gentamicin injections 12 2.5.3 Surgical procedures 13 2.5.3.1 Suprachoroidal cyclosporine implants 13 2.5.3.2 Pars plana vitrectomy 14 3 PUBLICATIONS 16 3.1 Intravitreal injection of low-dose gentamicin for the treatment of recurrent or persistent uveitis in horses: Preliminary results 16 3.2 Medical and Surgical Management of Equine Recurrent Uveitis 29 4 DISCUSSION 47 5 ZUSAMMENFASSUNG 51 6 SUMMARY 52 7 REFERENCES 53

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