Global ETD Search

1	Multiple Scattering Model for Optical Coherence Tomography with Rytov Approximation Li, Muxingzi 24 April 2017 (has links) Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a coherence-gated, micrometer-resolution imaging technique that focuses a broadband near-infrared laser beam to penetrate into optical scattering media, e.g. biological tissues. The OCT resolution is split into two parts, with the axial resolution defined by half the coherence length, and the depth-dependent lateral resolution determined by the beam geometry, which is well described by a Gaussian beam model. The depth dependence of lateral resolution directly results in the defocusing effect outside the confocal region and restricts current OCT probes to small numerical aperture (NA) at the expense of lateral resolution near the focus. Another limitation on OCT development is the presence of a mixture of speckles due to multiple scatterers within the coherence length, and other random noise. Motivated by the above two challenges, a multiple scattering model based on Rytov approximation and Gaussian beam optics is proposed for the OCT setup. Some previous papers have adopted the first Born approximation with the assumption of small perturbation of the incident field in inhomogeneous media. The Rytov method of the same order with smooth phase perturbation assumption benefits from a wider spatial range of validity. A deconvolution method for solving the inverse problem associated with the first Rytov approximation is developed, significantly reducing the defocusing effect through depth and therefore extending the feasible range of NA. Optical coherence tomography scattering Denoising inverse scattering problem rytov approximation
2	On Regularized Newton-type Algorithms and A Posteriori Error Estimates for Solving Ill-posed Inverse Problems Liu, Hui 11 August 2015 (has links) Ill-posed inverse problems have wide applications in many fields such as oceanography, signal processing, machine learning, biomedical imaging, remote sensing, geophysics, and others. In this dissertation, we address the problem of solving unstable operator equations with iteratively regularized Newton-type algorithms. Important practical questions such as selection of regularization parameters, construction of generating (filtering) functions based on a priori information available for different models, algorithms for stopping rules and error estimates are investigated with equal attention given to theoretical study and numerical experiments. nonlinear ill-posed problem iterative regularization stopping rule image restoration inverse scattering problem a posteriori error estimate
3	Analytische und numerische Untersuchungen bei inversen Transmissionsproblemen zur zeitharmonischen Wellengleichung / Analytical and numerical research for inverse transmission problems for the time-harmonic wave equation Schormann, Christoph 20 June 2000 (has links) No description available. Transmissionsproblem Helmholtz-Gleichung inverses Streuproblem transmission problem Helmholtz equation inverse scattering problem
4	Ultra-WideBand (UWB) microwave tomography using full-wave analysis techniques for heterogeneous and dispersive media Sabouni, Abas 02 September 2011 (has links) This thesis presents the research results on the development of a microwave tomography imaging algorithm capable of reconstructing the dielectric properties of the unknown object. Our focus was on the theoretical aspects of the non-linear tomographic image reconstruction problem with particular emphasis on developing efficient numerical and non-linear optimization for solving the inverse scattering problem. A detailed description of a novel microwave tomography method based on frequency dependent finite difference time domain, a numerical method for solving Maxwell's equations and Genetic Algorithm (GA) as a global optimization technique is given. The proposed technique has the ability to deal with the heterogeneous and dispersive object with complex distribution of dielectric properties and to provide a quantitative image of permittivity and conductivity profile of the object. It is shown that the proposed technique is capable of using the multi-frequency, multi-view, and multi-incident planer techniques which provide useful information for the reconstruction of the dielectric properties profile and improve image quality. In addition, we show that when a-priori information about the object under test is known, it can be easily integrated with the inversion process. This provides realistic regularization of the solution and removes or reduces the possibility of non-true solutions. We further introduced application of the GA such as binary-coded GA, real-coded GA, hybrid binary and real coded GA, and neural-network/GA for solving the inverse scattering problem which improved the quality of the images as well as the conversion rate. The implications and possible advantages of each type of optimization are discussed, and synthetic inversion results are presented. The results showed that the proposed algorithm was capable of providing the quantitative images, although more research is still required to improve the image quality. In the proposed technique the computation time for solution convergence varies from a few hours to several days. Therefore, the parallel implementation of the algorithm was carried out to reduce the runtime. The proposed technique was evaluated for application in microwave breast cancer imaging as well as measurement data from university of Manitoba and Institut Frsenel's microwave tomography systems. Microwave imaging Microwave tomography Breast cancer detection finite difference time domain Genetic algorithm Global optimization Breast imaging Real genetic algorithm Binary genetic algorithm Hybrid genetic algorithm Maxwell's equations Inverse scattering problem
5	Ultra-WideBand (UWB) microwave tomography using full-wave analysis techniques for heterogeneous and dispersive media Sabouni, Abas 02 September 2011 (has links) This thesis presents the research results on the development of a microwave tomography imaging algorithm capable of reconstructing the dielectric properties of the unknown object. Our focus was on the theoretical aspects of the non-linear tomographic image reconstruction problem with particular emphasis on developing efficient numerical and non-linear optimization for solving the inverse scattering problem. A detailed description of a novel microwave tomography method based on frequency dependent finite difference time domain, a numerical method for solving Maxwell's equations and Genetic Algorithm (GA) as a global optimization technique is given. The proposed technique has the ability to deal with the heterogeneous and dispersive object with complex distribution of dielectric properties and to provide a quantitative image of permittivity and conductivity profile of the object. It is shown that the proposed technique is capable of using the multi-frequency, multi-view, and multi-incident planer techniques which provide useful information for the reconstruction of the dielectric properties profile and improve image quality. In addition, we show that when a-priori information about the object under test is known, it can be easily integrated with the inversion process. This provides realistic regularization of the solution and removes or reduces the possibility of non-true solutions. We further introduced application of the GA such as binary-coded GA, real-coded GA, hybrid binary and real coded GA, and neural-network/GA for solving the inverse scattering problem which improved the quality of the images as well as the conversion rate. The implications and possible advantages of each type of optimization are discussed, and synthetic inversion results are presented. The results showed that the proposed algorithm was capable of providing the quantitative images, although more research is still required to improve the image quality. In the proposed technique the computation time for solution convergence varies from a few hours to several days. Therefore, the parallel implementation of the algorithm was carried out to reduce the runtime. The proposed technique was evaluated for application in microwave breast cancer imaging as well as measurement data from university of Manitoba and Institut Frsenel's microwave tomography systems. Microwave imaging Microwave tomography Breast cancer detection finite difference time domain Genetic algorithm Global optimization Breast imaging Real genetic algorithm Binary genetic algorithm Hybrid genetic algorithm Maxwell's equations Inverse scattering problem
6	AI-Assisted Optimization Framework for Advanced EM Problems Rosatti, Pietro 02 July 2024 (has links) This thesis concerns the study, development and analysis of innovative artificial intelligence (AI)-driven optimization techniques within the System-by-Design (SbD) framework aimed at efficiently addressing the computational complexity inherent in advanced electromagnetic (EM) problems. By leveraging the available a-priori information as well as the proper integration of machine learning (ML) techniques with intelligent exploration strategies, the SbD paradigm enables the effective and reliable solution of the EM problem at hand, with user-defined performance and in a reasonable amount of time. The flexibility of the AI-driven SbD framework is demonstrated in practice with the implementation of two solution strategies to address the fully non-linear inverse scattering problem (ISP) for the detection and imaging of buried objects in ground penetrating radar (GPR)-based applications, and to address the design and optimization of mm-wave automotive radars that comply multiple challenging and contrasting requirements. A comprehensive set of numerical experiments is reported to demonstrate the efficacy and computational efficiency of the SbD-based optimization techniques in solving complex EM problems.
7	Computational analysis of wide-angle light scattering from single cells Pilarski, Patrick Michael 11 1900 (has links) The analysis of wide-angle cellular light scattering patterns is a challenging problem. Small changes to the organization, orientation, shape, and optical properties of scatterers and scattering populations can significantly alter their complex two-dimensional scattering signatures. Because of this, it is difficult to find methods that can identify medically relevant cellular properties while remaining robust to experimental noise and sample-to-sample differences. It is an important problem. Recent work has shown that changes to the internal structure of cells---specifically, the distribution and aggregation of organelles---can indicate the progression of a number of common disorders, ranging from cancer to neurodegenerative disease, and can also predict a patient's response to treatments like chemotherapy. However, there is no direct analytical solution to the inverse wide-angle cellular light scattering problem, and available simulation and interpretation methods either rely on restrictive cell models, or are too computationally demanding for routine use. This dissertation addresses these challenges from a computational vantage point. First, it explores the theoretical limits and optical basis for wide-angle scattering pattern analysis. The result is a rapid new simulation method to generate realistic organelle scattering patterns without the need for computationally challenging or restrictive routines. Pattern analysis, image segmentation, machine learning, and iterative pattern classification methods are then used to identify novel relationships between wide-angle scattering patterns and the distribution of organelles (in this case mitochondria) within a cell. Importantly, this work shows that by parameterizing a scattering image it is possible to extract vital information about cell structure while remaining robust to changes in organelle concentration, effective size, and random placement. The result is a powerful collection of methods to simulate and interpret experimental light scattering signatures. This gives new insight into the theoretical basis for wide-angle cellular light scattering, and facilitates advances in real-time patient care, cell structure prediction, and cell morphology research. light scattering computational analysis pattern analysis pattern recognition cytometry machine learning image processing image analysis single cells optics medical diagnostics lab on a chip wide-angle light scattering shape recognition biomedical image analysis fourier theory fourier transform cellular optics optical simulation scattering simulation inverse scattering problem inverse analysis computational intelligence mitochondria cell morphology cancer scattering theory iterative methods generate and test reverse monte carlo image parameterization structure prediction 3D structure prediction computer science computer engineering electrical engineering
8	Computational analysis of wide-angle light scattering from single cells Pilarski, Patrick Michael Unknown Date No description available. light scattering computational analysis pattern analysis pattern recognition cytometry machine learning image processing image analysis single cells optics medical diagnostics lab on a chip wide-angle light scattering shape recognition biomedical image analysis fourier theory fourier transform cellular optics optical simulation scattering simulation inverse scattering problem inverse analysis computational intelligence mitochondria cell morphology cancer scattering theory iterative methods generate and test reverse monte carlo image parameterization structure prediction 3D structure prediction computer science computer engineering electrical engineering

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