The increased use of computer systems for storing private data or doing critical operations leads to some security issues gathered in the area cybersecurity. This neologism leads people to think about the security of information systems and general-purpose computers. However, with the growth of the Internet of Things, embedded systems are also concerned with these issues. The speed of development of this area often leads to a backwardness in the security features. The thesis investigates the security of embedded systems by focusing on embedded software. After classifying the vulnerabilities which could be encountered in this field, a first part of this work introduces the realisation of a document gathering guidelines related to secure development of embedded software. This realisation is based on an analysis of the literature review, but also on the knowledge of engineers of the company. These guidelines are applied to the project of a client. The result of their application allows us to prove their consistency and to write a set of recommendations to enhance the security of the project. The thesis presents the implementation of some of them. Particularly, it introduces a way to secure an Inter-Process Communication (IPC) mean: D-Bus, through a proof of concept. The result shows that the security policy of D-Bus is efficient against some attacks. Nevertheless, it also points out that some att acks remain feasible. The solution is implemented on an embedded board to analyse the computational overhead related to this embedded aspect. As expected, a more complex and detailed a policy is, the higher the overhead tends to be. Nevertheless, this computational overhead is proportional to the number of rules of the policy. / Den ökade användningen av datorsystem för att lagra privata data eller göra kritiska operationer leder till vissa säkerhetsproblem som samlas i området cybersäkerhet. Denna neologism leder människor att tänka på säkerhetssystemen för informationssystem och allmänt tillgängliga datorer. Men med tillväxten av saker i saken är inbyggda system också berörda av dessa frågor. Utvecklingshastigheten för detta område leder ofta till en underutveckling säkerhetsfunktionerna.Avhandlingen undersöker säkerheten för inbyggda system genom att fokusera på inbyggd programvara. Efter att ha klassificerat de sårbarheter som kan uppstå i det här fältet introducerar en första del av det här arbetet realisationen av ett dokument av riktlinjer om säker utveckling av inbyggd programvara. Denna insikt bygger på en analys av litteraturgranskningen, men också på kunskap om ingenjörer i företaget. Dessa riktlinjer tillämpas på en kunds projekt.Resultatet av deras ansökan gör det möjligt för oss att bevisa deras konsistens och att skriva rekommendationer för att förbättra projektets säkerhet. Avhandlingen presenterar genomförandet av några av dem. Ett sätt införs särskilt patt säkra en interprocesskommunikation (IPC) menande: DBus, genom ett konceptbevis. Resultatet visar att D-Busens säkerhetspolitik är effektiv mot vissa attacker. Det påpekar emellertid också att vissa attacker fortfarande är möjliga. Lösningen implementeras på ett inbyggd kort för att analysera beräkningsoverhead som är relaterad till denna inbyggda aspekt. Som förväntat är en mer komplex och detaljerad politik, desto högr e överhuvudtaget tenderar att vara. Ändå är denna beräkningskostnad proportionell mot antalet av regler av säkerhetspolitiken.

Deslocamentos das cabeças da mandíbula entre as posições de máxima intercuspidação habitual (MIH) e de relação cêntrica (RC) são ocorrências encontradas nas mordidas cruzadas posteriores unilaterais em crianças. Desta forma os mesmos foram estudados em 18 crianças com a referida maloclusão, com media de idade de 7,2 anos para o gênero feminino e 8,4 anos para o gênero masculino. A correção dessa foi efetuada com o aparelho de recobrimento oclusal de acrílico associado ao parafuso hyrax, ajustado à oclusão do paciente de modo a promover contatos bilaterais simultâneos e múltiplos, resultando em algum grau de desprogramação. Os deslocamentos foram medidos nos três planos do espaço por meio do indicador de posição condilar (IPC), antes e após a expansão rápida da maxila com o referido aparelho. Pode-se observar que os deslocamentos condilares entre as posições de RC e MIH, nos planos vertical e horizontal, no tempo pré-expansão, mostraram-se significativamente maiores que os encontrados no tempo pós-expansão, demonstrando assim, diminuição dos mesmos após a correção da maloclusão. No plano transversal não houve diferenças entre os tempos pré e pós-expansão. A comparação entre os lados direito e esquerdo dos deslocamentos estudados no tempo pré-expansão, evidenciou diferenças estatísticamente significantes apenas no plano horizontal (p= 0,039), sendo maiores os deslocamentos do lado esquerdo. No tempo pós-expansão, não se encontraram diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os lados direito e esquerdo, indicando maior semelhança entre os lados, após a correção das mordidas cruzadas posteriores unilaterais. Os deslocamentos no plano horizontal, de sentido mesial, apresentaram-se em maior porcentagem no lado esquerdo no tempo pré-expansão e no lado direito, no tempo pós-expansão. Os deslocamentos no plano transversal apresentaram maior porcentagem para o lado esquerdo, tanto no tempo pré-expansão, quando a mordida cruzada era deste mesmo lado, como no tempo pós-expansão, quando a mordida cruzada original era do lado oposto. Entretanto, tais prevalências citadas não resultaram em diferenças estatisticamente significantes em nenhum dos sentidos considerados, tanto nos planos horizontal como transversal. As mordidas cruzadas do lado direito foram prevalentes tanto para o gênero feminino como masculino. Após a ERM as cabeças da mandíbula assumiram uma posição mais concêntrica, o que pode favorecer o equilíbrio e desenvolvimento adequados de todo o sistema envolvido. / Changes in the relationship between the condyle and glenoid fossa when the habitual intercuspal position (MHI), to the position of centric relation (CR) events are found in unilateral posterior cross bites in children before treatment of malocclusion installed. Thus condylar displacement between the positions mentioned were studied in 18 children with this malocclusion with a mean of 7.2 years for females and 8.4 years for males. The correction of this device was made with the acrylic coating associated with occlusal screw hyrax, the same being adjusted to the patient\'s occlusion promoting bilateral simultaneous and multiple contacts, resulting in some degree of deprogramming. The displacements were measured in three planes of space through the condylar position indicator before and after rapid maxillary expansion with that instrument. It can be observed that the condylar displacement between the positions of RC and MIH, vertical and horizontal, in the pre-expansion, were significantly higher than those found in the post-expansion, thus demonstrating a decrease of it after correction of malocclusion. In the transverse plane there were no differences between pre-and post-expansion. The comparison between right and left shifts studied in the pre-expansion, showed statistically significant differences only in the horizontal plane (p = 0.039), the greatest displacements side esquerdo.No time post-expansion, there were no statistical differences significant between the left and right sides, indicating a greater similarity between the sides, after correction of cross bites. The displacements in the horizontal plane, the mesial, presented themselves in higher percentage on the left side in the pre-expansion and the right side, in the post-expansion. The displacements in the transverse plane showed a higher percentage to the left side, both in the pre-expansion, when cross-bite was of the same side as in the post-expansion, when the original cross-bite was on the opposite side. Prevalences were not identified statistically significant shifts in the way of mesial and distal in the horizontal plane, or left and right in the transverse plane, both in pre and post-expansion, regardless of which side of the crossbite. The cross bite on the right were so prevalent for females as males. After the ERM heads jaw took on a more concentric position, favoring a balanced and proper development of the entire system involved.

No description available.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / Weightlifting first appeared on Paralympics in 1964 in Tokyo, in which the athletes deficiency was exclusively spinal injury. In weightlifting athletes remain lying on a bench, and perform a movement known as bench press. The test begins when the support bar is removed - with or without the help of auxiliary center - leaving the fully extended elbows. The athlete flexing arms, elbows down the bar to the chest. Then the bar is raised to the starting position, ending the movement. The athlete can perform the movement three times, the most validated weight, as referees are aware of the continuous execution of the movement and to clear the bar stop on the chest. The aim of this stud y was to examine kinematic and electromyographic aspects in different periods of the concentric phase of the movement of paralympic bench in high-performance athletes. Participated in three female subjects aged 23 to 48 years (mean 39.8 ± 11.2) and 7 male subjects aged between 18 and 41 years (mean 26.5 ± 8.0) were conducted Attempts to perform 3 to 95% of 1RM load, obeying the rules of the game. They were plotted the velocity curves and offset for later split the concentric phase in phases of pre-sticking, sticking and post-sticking. Electromyography revealed that the deltoid and pectoral muscles had higher recruiting the triceps muscle during much of the concentric phase of the movement. These results suggest that there may have been greater activation of these muscles to compensate for the muscle wasting caused by the eccentric phase / O halterofilismo apareceu pela primeira vez em uma Paralimpíada, em 1964, em Tóquio, no qual a deficiência dos atletas era exclusivamente lesão da coluna vertebral. No halterofilismo os atletas perma necem deitados em um banco, e executam um movimento conhecido como supino. A prova começa no momento em que a barra de apoio é retirada com ou sem a ajuda do auxiliar central deixando os cotovelos totalmente estendidos. O atleta flexiona os braços, com os cotovelos descendo a barra até a altura do peito. Em seguida, a barra é elevada até a posição inicial, finalizando o movimento. O atleta pode realizar o movimento três vezes, sendo o maior peso validado, já que os árbitros ficam atentos à execução cont ínua do movimento e a parada nítida da barra no peito. O objetivo do presente estudo foi examinar aspectos cinemáticos e eletromiográficos em diferentes períodos da fase concêntrica do movimento de supino paralímpico em atletas de alto rendimento. Participaram 3 indivíduos do gênero feminino com idade entre 23 e 48 anos (média de 39,8 ± 11,2) e 7 indivíduos do gênero masculino com idade entre 18 e 41 anos (média 26,5 ± 8,0) que foram conduzidos a realizar 3 tentativas a 95% da carga de 1RM, obedecendo as regras da modalidade. Foram plotadas as curvas de velocidade e deslocamento para posteriormente dividir a fase concêntrica em fases de pré-sticking, sticking e póssticking. A eletromiografia revelou que os músculos Deltoide e Peitoral tiveram recrutamento superior ao músculo Tríceps Braquial durante grande parte da fase concêntrica do movimento. Esses resultados sugerem que pode ter havido uma maior ativação desses músculos no sentido de compensar o desgaste muscular causado pela fase excêntrica. / Mestre em Ciências

Deslocamentos das cabeças da mandíbula entre as posições de máxima intercuspidação habitual (MIH) e de relação cêntrica (RC) são ocorrências encontradas nas mordidas cruzadas posteriores unilaterais em crianças. Desta forma os mesmos foram estudados em 18 crianças com a referida maloclusão, com media de idade de 7,2 anos para o gênero feminino e 8,4 anos para o gênero masculino. A correção dessa foi efetuada com o aparelho de recobrimento oclusal de acrílico associado ao parafuso hyrax, ajustado à oclusão do paciente de modo a promover contatos bilaterais simultâneos e múltiplos, resultando em algum grau de desprogramação. Os deslocamentos foram medidos nos três planos do espaço por meio do indicador de posição condilar (IPC), antes e após a expansão rápida da maxila com o referido aparelho. Pode-se observar que os deslocamentos condilares entre as posições de RC e MIH, nos planos vertical e horizontal, no tempo pré-expansão, mostraram-se significativamente maiores que os encontrados no tempo pós-expansão, demonstrando assim, diminuição dos mesmos após a correção da maloclusão. No plano transversal não houve diferenças entre os tempos pré e pós-expansão. A comparação entre os lados direito e esquerdo dos deslocamentos estudados no tempo pré-expansão, evidenciou diferenças estatísticamente significantes apenas no plano horizontal (p= 0,039), sendo maiores os deslocamentos do lado esquerdo. No tempo pós-expansão, não se encontraram diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os lados direito e esquerdo, indicando maior semelhança entre os lados, após a correção das mordidas cruzadas posteriores unilaterais. Os deslocamentos no plano horizontal, de sentido mesial, apresentaram-se em maior porcentagem no lado esquerdo no tempo pré-expansão e no lado direito, no tempo pós-expansão. Os deslocamentos no plano transversal apresentaram maior porcentagem para o lado esquerdo, tanto no tempo pré-expansão, quando a mordida cruzada era deste mesmo lado, como no tempo pós-expansão, quando a mordida cruzada original era do lado oposto. Entretanto, tais prevalências citadas não resultaram em diferenças estatisticamente significantes em nenhum dos sentidos considerados, tanto nos planos horizontal como transversal. As mordidas cruzadas do lado direito foram prevalentes tanto para o gênero feminino como masculino. Após a ERM as cabeças da mandíbula assumiram uma posição mais concêntrica, o que pode favorecer o equilíbrio e desenvolvimento adequados de todo o sistema envolvido. / Changes in the relationship between the condyle and glenoid fossa when the habitual intercuspal position (MHI), to the position of centric relation (CR) events are found in unilateral posterior cross bites in children before treatment of malocclusion installed. Thus condylar displacement between the positions mentioned were studied in 18 children with this malocclusion with a mean of 7.2 years for females and 8.4 years for males. The correction of this device was made with the acrylic coating associated with occlusal screw hyrax, the same being adjusted to the patient\'s occlusion promoting bilateral simultaneous and multiple contacts, resulting in some degree of deprogramming. The displacements were measured in three planes of space through the condylar position indicator before and after rapid maxillary expansion with that instrument. It can be observed that the condylar displacement between the positions of RC and MIH, vertical and horizontal, in the pre-expansion, were significantly higher than those found in the post-expansion, thus demonstrating a decrease of it after correction of malocclusion. In the transverse plane there were no differences between pre-and post-expansion. The comparison between right and left shifts studied in the pre-expansion, showed statistically significant differences only in the horizontal plane (p = 0.039), the greatest displacements side esquerdo.No time post-expansion, there were no statistical differences significant between the left and right sides, indicating a greater similarity between the sides, after correction of cross bites. The displacements in the horizontal plane, the mesial, presented themselves in higher percentage on the left side in the pre-expansion and the right side, in the post-expansion. The displacements in the transverse plane showed a higher percentage to the left side, both in the pre-expansion, when cross-bite was of the same side as in the post-expansion, when the original cross-bite was on the opposite side. Prevalences were not identified statistically significant shifts in the way of mesial and distal in the horizontal plane, or left and right in the transverse plane, both in pre and post-expansion, regardless of which side of the crossbite. The cross bite on the right were so prevalent for females as males. After the ERM heads jaw took on a more concentric position, favoring a balanced and proper development of the entire system involved.

Les contrats pétroliers iraniens sont habituellement de type Buy-back mais devraient évoluer sous la forme d’IPC, s’éloignant du modèle traditionnel des contrats de partage de production. Un contrat Buy-back est essentiellement un contrat de service en vertu duquel une société étrangère développe une ressource pétrolière ou gazière. Elle est rémunérée grâce aux revenus issus du projet, mais cette dernière ne possédera aucun intérêt dans le projet après le remboursement des investissements effectués. Les contrats de partage de production sont des contrats dans lesquels, la compagnie internationale pétrolière agit comme un entrepreneur, et possède le droit d’explorer et d’exploiter un gisement pour une durée déterminée et dans une région précise. Le pétrole ainsi produit de ce champ sera partagé entre la compagnie nationale et la société pétrolière étrangère selon les termes du contrat. L’une des questions à laquelle il faut accorder une attention particulière, c’est celle relative au mode contractuel qui permet de concilier les intérêts des pays d’accueil et les intérêts des sociétés étrangères. C’est en ces termes que se pose la problématique des contrats pétroliers. Chaque type de contrats articule ces deux exigences de manière différente. Le choix de l’Iran s’est porté sur les contrats Buy-back. Les contrats Buy-back, considérés comme étant plus conformes au droit iranien, essuient des critiques de la part de ses détracteurs. Mettant en exergue ses lacunes, ces derniers proposent son remplacement par le contrat partage de production qui est le plus couramment utilisé dans le monde. Cependant, l’amélioration des contrats Buy-back serait plus adaptée. / Iranian oil contracts are usually Buy-back contracts, but should evolved as IPC, away from the traditional model Production Sharing Agreement. A Buy-back contract is essentially a service contract under which a foreign company develops an oil or gas resource. The company is repaid by the revenues of the project, but does not share in the project outcome after being repaid. Production sharing agreements are contracts, in which the international oil company as a contractor has the right to exploration and exploitation in a specific area and within a specific period. Finally, the oil product of the field in question is shared between the national company and the foreign oil company as agreed upon under the terms of contract. One question which needs to be carefully examined pertains to the types of contracts which allow the reconciliation of the interests of host countries and those of foreign companies. This is in these the main issue, which arises in relation to oil contracts. Each type of contracts takes a different form depending on the way they meet these two requirements. Iran has often preferred Buy-back contracts. Buy-back contracts, considered most consistent with the Iranian laws, have been subject to criticism. Highlighting these gaps, some critics propose substituting Buy-back agreements whit production sharing agreements, which are most commonly used in the world. The effectiveness of such reform is, however, questionable. Improving Buy-back contracts would, arguably, be more appropriate.

In this thesis, we examine the architecture and the security framework underlying the Android operating system. We explore existing Android end-to-end encrypted (E2EE) messaging applications and derive four categories of common issues that are applicable to these applications. We then provide an overview of the known issue of privilege escalation wherein a malicious privileged application can utilize inter-process communication techniques to send protected data to an unauthorized application on a user’s device. We demonstrate through a proof of concept how this behavior can be achieved in real applications, and we suggest potential countermeasures that can help prevent this issue. Furthermore, in the interest of diminishing the common issues that are applicable to E2EE messaging applications, we propose a new design for such applications that employs some of the principal security features offered by the Android operating system. We explain how our design can help eliminate trust-related issues associated with such applications, as well as how it can help minimize issues in other categories. Finally, we demonstrate how our proposed design can be used in practice by implementing a proof of concept.

There is a huge emergence for sustainable change, but there are not many clear approaches for teaches to teach into sustainability. With the proof that the International Primary Curriculum (IPC) can be used up to large extent to provide primary schools from Education to sustainable development (ESD), the aims of ESD can be achieved in great extent, while the IPC is used in over 98 countries. Therefore teacher do not have to be introduced to a new approach; they can continue using the IPC. There is done a literature research about the similarities between the educational vision & mission and practical investigation into the teachers experiences, by the use of a questionnaire, about similarities in the teachers competences between ESD and the IPC. Concerning the research the educational vision of ESD and the IPC are very similar, but in the education mission is a difference in focus. Where ESD wants a behavioural change, is the IPC focusing on improving the learning. However, this different focus is not eliminating the similarities that are shown. Practically seen are teachers who work with the IPC are experiencing a 66.6% match with the teacher competences of ESD. The differences that are found are based on the different educational focuses of ESD and the IPC, but in here the IPC can easily adjust. All together I can state that the IPC can be used as an approach to provide Dutch primary school pupils with ESD from a reasonable up to a pretty large extent, under the condition that the IPC is adapting to the educational mission of the ESD, without letting go of their own educational mission.

This master's thesis shows an example of reactive server automation in ICT environments. There is a description of solution for specific problem in the AIX operating system which is implemented in an automation suite IPC. Analysis of current situation contains description of properties of the operating system AIX, the examined problem as well as of the IPC tool which is used for implementing this solution. After the description of the implemented solution there is also an economic evaluation of the entire thesis.

The task was to study the physical model of the coordinate manipulator. It is controlled by two stepping motors by Schneider Electric and Beckhoff¨s industrial IPC. Then get to know the TwinCAT control software communicating on the EtherCAT network. Then revive the model and create a task to illustrate the functionality of the model with a simple ON / OFF third axis, as well as revive the industrial camera. Then create your own design of a full-fledged third axis and let it be realized. Finally, create an illustration application with the full-fledged third axis manipulator.