Issued also as thesis, Heidelberg, 1925. / Bibliography: p. [155]-157.

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Thesis advisor: Nasser Behnegar / Hayy Ibn Yaqzan is a novel whose protagonist seeks intellectual knowledge and spiritual fulfillment over a lifetime of scientific experimentation and solitary rumination. The culmination of his efforts is not to independently verify the Islamic faith, as his final product differs dramatically from their dogma. Instead, he is looking to seek knowledge, not empathy from his Creator by knowing him directly, instead of worshiping him through the process of prayer. This education alienates him from the society on the other island, as they are unable or unwilling to follow his example. By accepting this path, instead of following the dominant creed and code of the populous, Hayy is unable to live comfortably within that setting and must return to his place of solitaire amongst nature. / Thesis (MA) — Boston College, 2010. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Political Science.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Melbourne, Melbourne Institute of Asian Languages and Societies, Faculty of Arts, 2002. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 463-491).

The Nath sampradāy, a community whose early Hindavi literature propagates a selfhood which is deeply enmeshed in both Hindu and Islamic traditions, has been at the forefront of Hindu right-wing agitations in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Examining an extensive vernacular corpus of texts–– from seventeenth-century manuscripts to twentieth-century printed books–– this dissertation investigates the changes that took place in the Nath community over the longue dureé. Analyzing this oeuvre, along with historical records, I explore both how the yogis portrayed themselves in their literature and how they were viewed by others. Specifically, this dissertation addresses how modern technologies and ideologies–– such as print, nationalism, and democracy–– merged to help create a more rigidly Hindu identity for the sampradāy in the twentieth century: a novel selfhood unlike the one previously propagated. In particular, it examines how the influential twentieth-century leader of the Goraknath temple in Gorakhpur, Mahant Digvijaynath, reimagined his Nath identity to make his community a center of Hindutvā politics in modern India.

This thesis offers an interpretation of Al-Farabi’s Book of Religion, in which the tenth- century philosopher addresses more directly than in any of his other works the relationship between human and divine wisdom. Believing Farabi to be a philosopher in the full sense of the term, I attempt to approach his writing in the spirit of his own approach to the writings of Plato and Aristotle. I argue that the discussions of religion, philosophy, and political science found in the text constitute a single teaching, through which Farabi addresses some of the most fundamental questions facing man as both a political and spiritual animal. / text

Cette thèse poursuit comme objectif l’analyse approfondie de la pensée de ‘Ayn al-Quḍāt al-Hamadānī (exécuté en 525/1132), un ṣūfī assumé qui, s’inspirant de la tradition intellectuelle d’al-Ġazālī, tenta d’offrir un système théorique compatible avec les enseignements mystiques. Elle est constituée d’une partie préliminaire, comprenant l’introduction et un aperçu du contexte intellectuel dans lequel l’auteur a évolué, ainsi que de trois parties analytiques qui portent sur l’étude de sa pensée au sujet de Dieu, du monde et de l’homme. En plus de quelques éléments biographiques, la partie préliminaire examine le statut que ce penseur attribue à la philosophie, la théologie islamique et le taṣawwuf. Dans la partie consacrée à sa conception de Dieu est examinée la modalité de l’articulation du concept avicennien du divin avec certains présupposés de l’ontologie aš‘arite. La partie portant sur le monde montre de quelle façon ce penseur tente d’éviter d’adhérer à la thèse de l’éternité du monde, en suggérant une conception hybride mobilisant à la fois la doctrine de la création, acceptée par des théologiens, et la doctrine de l’émanation. La partie dédiée à la question de l’homme explore l’élaboration de la doctrine anthropologique de cet auteur qui, abandonnant l’approche physicaliste des théologiens, donne une vision de l’être humain compatible tant avec l’anthropologie avicennienne qu’avec sa croyance mystique. De l’ensemble de cette analyse ressort la tendance avicennisante de l’auteur dans les domaines théologique et anthropologique, et son rapprochement de la pensée aš‘arite en matière de physique. En annexe est offerte une traduction française intégrale de son Zubdat al-ḥaqā’iq (Quintessence des vérités). / This PhD thesis aims to analyze the doctrinal system of ‘Ayn al-Quḍāt al-Hamadānī, a thinker who was executed in 525/1132 in Hamadan, Iran. A proclaimed ṣūfī, he was highly inspired by the intellectual tradition established by Abū Ḥāmid al-Ġazālī, and tried to offer a theoretical system, compatible with mystical teachings. The thesis is constituted of a preliminary part, including the introduction and a survey of the intellectual context in which he evolved, as well as three analytical parts offering the study of his understanding of God, the world and human being. Besides some biographical elements, the preliminary part examines the status of philosophy, Islamic theology and taṣawwuf a present in his thought. In the first part, the modality of the articulation between an Avicennian concept of God and certain teachings of Aš‘arite ontology is subject to a thorough examination. The part on the world shows how, in an attempt to avoid the eternity of the world, this thinker offers a combination of the doctrine of the creation, supported by theologians, and the doctrine of emanation. The last part, on human being, explores the anthropological doctrine of this thinker, who, while abandoning the theologians’ physicalist approach, gives a vision about human being which is both compatible with Avicennian anthropology as well as with his mystical believes. From this integral analysis it appears that ‘Ayn al-Quḍāt, while following an Avicennian tendency in theology and anthropology, shows more similarities with Aš‘arite system on physics. A French integral translation of his Zubdat al-ḥaqā’iq (the Quintessence of truths), is also offered in the appendix of this thesis.

This study is a comparison of the philosophical systems composed by the Indian philosopher Sankara (788-830 CE), and the Muslim mystic, Ibn Arabi (1165-1240 CE). The primary thesis found in this study is that the conceptual systems constructed by Sankara and Ibn Arabi are not perfectly new creations derived from the core of their mystical realizations. Rather, they contain fundamental pre-existing principles, concepts, and teachings that are expanded upon and placed within a systematic philosophy or theology that is intended to lead others to a state of realization. A selection of these presuppositions are extracted from within each of these thinkers’ philosophical systems and employed as structural indicators. Similarities are highlighted, yet the differences between Sankara and Ibn Arabi’s thought, witnessed within their philosophical systems, lead us to the conclusion that the two mystics inhabited different conceptual space. / iv, 195 leaves ; 29 cm

Thesis (Ph. D.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, Department of Philosophy, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references.

La discussion sur la modernité, ses caractéristiques et les défis a été un des thèmes majeurs dans la poésie, la littérature et la philosophie pendant des deux derniers siècles. Muhammad Iqbal [m. 1938] a aussi contribué à cette discussion mais sa pensée reste, en grande partie, inconnue en dehors du monde musulman. L`étude actuelle n`est qu`un petit pas pour redresser cette lacune. La première partie cherche à identifier les caractéristiques de la modernité et les défis qu`elle pose au bien-être de l`humanité par rapport aux idées de penseurs occidentaux réputés [notamment Goethe et Blake]. A cet égard, la quantification, l`objectivité détachée, la dépendance excessive sur la technologie, et la subjugation des autres pour des gains économiques sont les facteurs clés. La section suivante décrit l`analyse et la critique d`Iqbal sur la modernité par rapport à ces quatre caractéristiques avec référence aux œuvres poétiques qui sont l`expression la plus succincte de sa pensée. Iqbal se sert des diverses ressources de l`Orient ainsi que de l`Occident - la poésie, la littérature, la philosophie, la théologie, et la science moderne. Aussi vaste que les ressources dont il se sert, l`analyse de la modernité chez Iqbal s`attache sciemment au Coran et à la tradition prophétique. Cette étude expose aussi comment les idées d`Iqbal sont développées dans une partie du monde musulman - l`Iran de post indépendance, à travers les œuvres de deux penseurs modernes de l`Iran, Ali Shariati et Jalāl Al-e Ahmad. Cette recherche montre que l`analyse d`Iqbal est encore pertinente aujourd'hui hui pour tous ceux qui sont confrontés à la modernité en Orient ainsi qu`en Occident. / Discussion about the characteristics, opportunities and challenges of modernity has been a prominent theme in Western and Eastern poetry, literature and philosophy over the past few centuries. Muhammad Iqbal [d. 1938] has also contributed to this discussionŕbut his thought remains largely unknown outside the Muslim world. The present inquiry will be a small step in redressing this shortcoming. The first part of the inquiry seeks to identify the defining characteristics of modernity and the challenge that they pose to human well-being, with reference to the ideas of well-known Western thinkers [most notably Goethe and Blake]. Quantification, detached objectivity, excessive reliance on technology, and subjugation of others for economic gain are the key factors in this regard. The next part describes Iqbalřs analysis and critique of modernity with respect to these four characteristics using his poetical works where his position is most succin! ctly expressed. Iqbal uses a wide range of sources from both the East and the Westŕpoetry, literature, philosophy, theology, and modern science. As wide ranging as his use of different sources is, Iqbalřs analysis of modernity remains self-consciously attached to the Qurřan and the prophetic tradition. This analysis also shows how his ideas have been expanded upon in one part of the Muslim world Ŕ post-independence Iran, using the works of two modern Iranian thinkers, Ali Shariati and Jalāl Al-e Ahmad. The inquiry seeks to demonstrate that Iqbalřs insights remain relevant even today for all those experiencing modernityŕwhether in the East or in the West.