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The remarkable economic success of the Cayman Islands is primarily driven by its large expatriate population. Expatriates make up over one-third of the total population of the Islands and half of the labor force. This has led some Caymanians to demand more opportunities for local individuals. However in April 2014, one of the two local newspapers commented that the problem was that the quality of local graduates was below the standard required by the private sector. This suggests that there is a serious dislocation between the Caymanian education system and the labor market. This also suggests that there may be increasing tension in the future between expatriates and locals with regard to job opportunities, hiring policies, the role of the educational system and the quality of its outputs. This case study examined how local higher education is perceived by the key stakeholders within the Cayman Islands, with a specific focus on its efficacy in preparing students for the labor force. The study also examined what the higher education institutions are doing to help students develop the skills that are required by employers and desired by the labor force; and where there might be opportunities to improve the quality and efficiency of higher education systems and ensure a closer match to the needs of employers in the future. The study examined perceptions primarily through the viewpoint of employers, using human capital development theory, with additional perspectives from social theory and systems thinking. The primary sources of data were semi-structured interviews with employers in major industries in the islands, university faculty in higher education institutions, and recent graduates from these institutions. / Educational Leadership

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Freshwater loch settlements were a feature of society, indeed the societies, which inhabited what we now call Scotland during the prehistoric and historic periods. Considerable research has been carried out into the prehistoric and early historic origins and role of artificial islands, commonly known as crannogs. However archaeologists and historians have paid little attention to either artificial islands, or loch settlements more generally, in the Late Medieval or Early Modern periods. This thesis attempts to open up the field by examining some of the physical, chorographic and other textual evidence for the role of settled freshwater natural, artificial and modified islands during these periods. It principally concentrates on areas of central Scotland but also considers the rest of the mainland. It also places the evidence in a broader British, Irish and European context. The results indicate that islands fulfilled a wide range of functions as secular and religious settlements. They were adopted by groups from different cultural backgrounds and provided those exercising lordship with the opportunity to exercise a degree of social detachment while providing a highly visible means of declaring their authority. This thesis also argues that loch settlements were not a lingering hangover from the past, as some have suggested, but a vibrant part of contemporary culture which remained strong until the latter half of the seventeenth century before going into final decline and disappearing as a significant social phenomenon.

Soumise à une pression anthropique forte et croissante, la nature méditerranéenne connue pour sarichesse interspécifique est menacée sur les espaces continentaux et les plus grandes îles. Lespetites îles et les îlots se présentent alors comme les derniers refuges d’une biodiversité rare etmenacée. Dans ce contexte, la délégation Europe et International du Conservatoire du Littoral a créél’Initiative PIM, un programme d’assistance et d’échanges pour la protection de ces territoires.Par conséquent, même en Méditerranée, les îles, et particulièrement les plus petites d’entre ellesdeviennent un enjeu environnemental discuté dans les sphères politiques nationales etinternationales. En effet, si jusqu’à nos jours les îles ont occupé une place centrale dans laconstruction des savoirs scientifiques en sciences naturelles et en sciences sociales, elles seretrouvent aujourd’hui sur le devant de la scène dans de nombreuses politiques environnementales.Rendue possible par le dispositif CIFRE, ce travail de recherche s’intègre dans l’Initiative PIM par uneimmersion de plus de deux ans. Cette dernière s’incarne dans la réalisation d’un atlas encyclopédiquedes petites îles de Méditerranée occidentale. L’objectif de cet ouvrage est d’être le socle d’unplaidoyer pour la protection de la biodiversité de ces territoires, réalisé en s’appuyant sur les donnéesenvironnementales pour construire des stratégies de conservation. Les acteurs de la sciencedeviendraient alors centraux dans l’élaboration de ces stratégies. Ce travail de recherche interroge lesplaces prises par les scientifiques dans la fabrique des politiques environnementales. Qu’ils s’agissentde la construction de l’enjeu ou de la mise en place d’actions concrètes, les scientifiques peuvent êtreamenés à jouer différents rôles. En s’appuyant sur l’analyse de différentes actions environnementalesmenées pour protéger la biodiversité des petites îles de Méditerranée, une typologie des rôlesoccupés par les scientifiques est alors établie. Si les scientifiques prennent parfois une place enamont de la politique environnementale en orientant la décision, ils leur arrivent aussi d’être intégrés àl’action et les considérations écologiques qu’ils soulèvent sont mises en regards de nombreux autreséléments tels que l’acceptabilité sociale ; enfin dans certains cas, ils deviennent des cautions etjustifient l’action environnementale. / Under strong and increasing human pressure, the Mediterranean environment, famous for its richnessis threatened especially along continental areas and larger islands. Small islands and islets appear asthe last refuges of endemic and endangered biodiversity. In this context, the European andInternational delegation of Conservatoire du Littoral created the PIM Initiative, a program to promotethe exchange of best practices for the protection of these territories.Therefore, even the Mediterranean nature composed of the islands, and particularly the smaller ones,has become an environmental issue discussed on the national and international political stage. Islandshave occupied a specific place in the accrual of scientific knowledge in natural and social sciences oftoday, which are highlighted in many environmental policies.The resultant research work is part of the PIM Initiative and was performed in the frame of a CIFREprogram for three years. The main goal of the operational work was the realization of anencyclopaedic atlas of small islands in the western Mediterranean basin. Its aim was to buildconservation strategies by using environmental data. These strategies must be the basis for theprotection of biodiversity in these territories. So, the sciences stakeholders should become central inthe development of new conservation policies. This research work raises the question of the placesoccupied by scientists in the process of setting up environmental policies. From the construction of theissue to the implementation of concrete conservation actions, scientists play different roles. A typologyof the roles occupied by scientists is established based on the analysis of several environmentalactions developed in order to protect the biodiversity of small Mediterranean islands. Occasionallyscientists are involved upstream of the environmental policy by guiding the decision. Sometimes theyare more integrated in the action and the ecological regards that they raise are viewed as one elementamong other such as social acceptability. Finally, in some cases, scientists become a guarantee andjustify the environmental action.

Fung, Ho Lam. / Thesis submitted in: November 2006. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 343-360). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Acknowledgements --- p.i / Abstract --- p.iii / Contents --- p.xii / List of Tables --- p.xix / List of Figures --- p.xxxi / Chapter Chapter 1: --- General Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Objectives --- p.17 / Chapter 1.3 --- Monitoring methods investigated in this research --- p.18 / Chapter 1.4 --- The distribution of corals in Hong Kong --- p.21 / Chapter 1.5 --- Study sites --- p.23 / Chapter 1.6 --- Thesis Outline --- p.25 / Chapter Chapter 2: --- "Coral Mapping in Cheung Sha Wan, A Ye Wan and A Ma Wan, Tung Ping Chau" / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.31 / Chapter 2.2 --- Study sites --- p.37 / Chapter 2.3 --- Methods and Materials --- p.38 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Fieldwork procedure --- p.38 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Laboratory work procedure --- p.40 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Data analysis --- p.40 / Chapter 2.4 --- Results and Discussion --- p.42 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Species count --- p.42 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Coral coverage --- p.42 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Species composition --- p.43 / Chapter 2.4.4 --- Diversity index --- p.43 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- "Evaluation of Monitoring Methods in Cheung Sha Wan, Tung Ping Chau, a Coral Community with Low (< 10%) Coral Cover" / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.52 / Chapter 3.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.61 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Line Intercept Transect (LIT) Method --- p.62 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Point Intercept Transect (PIT) Method --- p.62 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Random Point Video Transect (RPVT) Method --- p.63 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Quadrat (QUAD) Method --- p.64 / Chapter 3.2.6 --- Sampling effort in each monitoring method --- p.65 / Chapter 3.2.7 --- Sample size determination --- p.66 / Chapter 3.2.7.1 --- Optimal sample size --- p.66 / Chapter 3.2.7.2 --- Unit effort sample size --- p.67 / Chapter 3.2.8 --- Statistical analysis --- p.68 / Chapter 3.2.8.1 --- Univariate analysis --- p.68 / Chapter 3.2.8.2 --- Multivariate analysis --- p.69 / Chapter 3.4 --- Results --- p.70 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Optimal sample size --- p.70 / Chapter 3.4.1.1 --- Percent coral cover --- p.71 / Chapter 3.4.1.2 --- Species count --- p.72 / Chapter 3.4.1.3 --- Diversity indices --- p.72 / Chapter 3.4.1.4 --- Community structure --- p.73 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Sampling efforts in different monitoring methods --- p.75 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Sample size under fixed effort --- p.76 / Chapter 3.4.3.1 --- Percent coral cover --- p.77 / Chapter 3.4.3.2 --- Species count --- p.78 / Chapter 3.4.3.3 --- Diversity indices --- p.78 / Chapter 3.4.3.4 --- Community structure --- p.80 / Chapter 3.5 --- Discussion --- p.84 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- Optimal sample size --- p.84 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- Coral cover --- p.86 / Chapter 3.5.3 --- Species count --- p.90 / Chapter 3.5.4 --- Diversity Indices --- p.93 / Chapter 3.5.5 --- Community structure --- p.96 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- "Evaluation of Monitoring Methods in A Ye Wan and A Ma Wan, Tung Ping Chau: Coral Communities with Mid to High Percent Coral Cover (25% to 50%)" / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.146 / Chapter 4.2 --- Methods and material --- p.149 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Field monitoring --- p.149 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Laboratory work --- p.149 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Sampling effort in each monitoring method --- p.150 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Sample size determination --- p.150 / Chapter 4.2.5 --- Statistical analysis --- p.151 / Chapter 4.2.5.1 --- Univariate analysis --- p.151 / Chapter 4.2.5.2 --- Multivariate analysis --- p.152 / Chapter 4.3 --- Results --- p.152 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- A Ye Wan --- p.152 / Chapter 4.3.1.1 --- Optimal sample size --- p.152 / Chapter 4.3.1.1.1 --- Percent coral cover --- p.154 / Chapter 4.3.1.1.2 --- Species count --- p.154 / Chapter 4.3.1.1.3 --- Diversity indices --- p.155 / Chapter 4.3.1.1.4 --- Community structure --- p.155 / Chapter 4.3.1.2 --- Sampling efforts in different monitoring methods --- p.157 / Chapter 4.3.1.3 --- Sample size under fixed effort --- p.158 / Chapter 4.3.1.3.1 --- Percent coral cover --- p.158 / Chapter 4.3.1.3.2 --- Species Count --- p.159 / Chapter 4.3.1.3.3 --- Diversity indices --- p.160 / Chapter 4.3.1.3.4 --- Community structure --- p.162 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- A Ma Wan --- p.165 / Chapter 4.3.2.1 --- Optimal sample size --- p.165 / Chapter 4.3.2.1.1 --- Percent coral cover --- p.167 / Chapter 4.3.2.1.2 --- Species count --- p.167 / Chapter 4.3.2.1.3 --- Diversity indices --- p.168 / Chapter 4.3.2.1.4 --- Community structure --- p.169 / Chapter 4.3.2.2 --- Sampling efforts in different monitoring methods --- p.171 / Chapter 4.3.2.3 --- Sample size under fixed effort --- p.172 / Chapter 4.3.2.3.1 --- Percent coral cover --- p.172 / Chapter 4.3.2.3.2 --- Species Count --- p.173 / Chapter 4.3.2.3.3 --- Diversity indices --- p.174 / Chapter 4.3.2.3.4 --- Community structure --- p.175 / Chapter 4.4 --- Discussion --- p.178 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Optimal sample size --- p.178 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Coral Cover --- p.178 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Species Count --- p.181 / Chapter 4.4.4 --- Diversity Indices --- p.182 / Chapter 4.4.5 --- Community Structure --- p.184 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Role of Community Characteristic on the Performance of Monitoring Methods / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.281 / Chapter 5.2 --- Methods and materials --- p.284 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Coral Mapping --- p.284 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Monitoring Methods --- p.285 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Statistical analysis --- p.286 / Chapter 5.3 --- Results --- p.286 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Sample size as a function of different reef characteristics --- p.286 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Performance of reef monitoring methods in sites with different reef characteristics --- p.287 / Chapter 5.3.2.1 --- Coral cover --- p.287 / Chapter 5.3.2.2 --- Species count and Margalef's Index --- p.288 / Chapter 5.3.2.3 --- Other diversity indices --- p.289 / Chapter 5.3.2.4 --- Community structure --- p.290 / Chapter 5.4 --- Discussion --- p.291 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- Effect of reef characteristics on sampling time --- p.291 / Chapter 5.4.2 --- Effect of reef characteristics on the performance of monitoring methods --- p.293 / Chapter 5.4.3 --- Recommendation on the choice of monitoring method --- p.301 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Summary and Prospectives --- p.337 / References --- p.343

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