Cette thèse est la première monographie sur l’œuvre de l’écrivain et journaliste italien Nico Orengo (Turin, 1944-2009), auteur de recueils de poèmes, de récits et de romans, de comptines et récits pour enfants. Bien que la critique ait reconnu la valeur et l’intérêt de son œuvre et qu’elle ait présenté Orengo comme étant l’une des voix les plus originales de la littérature italienne contemporaine, aucun travail d’interprétation et d’approfondissement ne lui avait encore été consacré. Ce travail aspire à combler ce vide en démontrant qu’Orengo a été un précurseur eu égard tant aux sujets traités qu’aux modalités d’écriture choisies. Tous ses textes ont été étudiés à l’aune du paysage. L’intérêt de cette perspective relève de la place primordiale accordé dans son œuvre à un paysage bien défini et reconnaissable, celui de la Ligurie occidentale, à la frontière entre France et Italie, terre d’origine de sa famille. Cela nous a permis de vérifier comment l’auteur exploite la réalité du paysage, comment il l’exprime dans son écriture et quelles significations il lui attribue ; cela, dans but d’éclairer la nature de l’écriture d’un paysage. Sur le plan méthodologique nous nous appuyons sur la notion de paysage telle qu’elle a été élaborée par Michel Collot. L’approche thématique, alliée des outils d’analyse à disposition par la linguistique, la stylistique et la phénoménologie, est à la base de notre travail. / This thesis is the first monograph about the work of the Italian writer and journalist Nico Orengo (Turin, 1944-2009), the author of poetry collections, short stories and novels, nursery rhymes and children’s short stories. Even if critics have admitted the value and the interest of his work and despite portraying Orengo as one of the most original voices of contemporary Italian literature, not a single work of interpretation and analysis has yet to be written about him. This work aims to fill that void, showing that Orengo was a precursor for both the themes he approaches and the modalities of his writing style. All of his texts have been analysed through the landscape. The interest of this choice lies in the fact that Orengo, although a native of Turin, set almost all of his work in Liguria, focusing on a particularly defined and distinguishable landscape; the far west landscape, between France and Italy, the original region of his family. This allows us to show how Orengo uses this landscape reality, how he re-elaborates it in his writings and the meanings he gives to it, if he makes a coherent construction of it or, on the contrary, whether this construction changes over time and according to the genre of literature. The aim is to show what landscape writing consists of. Composed of three parts, this thesis is introduced by a preamble that defines the subject of this analysis, explaining the issues of research on the landscape in literature. On the methodological level, it is based on the perspective of landscape as proposed by Michel Collet and is inspired by his approach, appealing to thematic critics, but also to linguistics, stylistics and phenomenology.

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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 1991. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this study is to point out and elaborate the affinities, culturally as well as textually, between the two Italian authors, Italo Svevo and Carlo Michelstaedter. Furthermore, it is the object of this study to demonstrate how, implicitly, the two authors provide an answer, each in his own way, to the question of "una vita degna di essere vissuta" - "a life worthy of being lived". The central theme in this regard concerns the distinctive notions that each author has in respect of 'Ihealth" and "disease", and "life" and "death", as well as how these notions correspond to the implicit search in their respective writings for "perfection", "authenticity" and "liberty". / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie het ten doel am die kulturele en tekstuele affiniteite tussen die lwee Italiaanse outeurs, Ital0 Svevo en Carlo Michelstaedter, uit te wys en uitvoerig te bespreek. Daarbenewens, is die voorneme van hierdie studie om te wys hoe elk van die tv:ee outeurs, implisiet, '0 aotwoord verskaf op die kwessie van "una vita degna di essere vissuta" - II 'n lewe wat waardig is om geleef te word". Die sentrale tema in hierdie verband het betrekking op die onderskeidelike opvattings wat elke auteur se werk bevat ten opsigte van "gesondheid" en "siekte", en "Iewe" en "dood". Daar word ook getoon hoe hierdie opvattings betreffende die implisiete soeke ten opsigte van "volmaaktheid", "outentisiteit" en ''vryheid" in hul onderskeidelike tekste korrespondeer.

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This study examines the literary texts of the Ligurian writer Giuseppe Conte published between 1972 and 2005. In Part One, the reasons are considered which justify this research on Giuseppe Conte. This author is discussed in the context of the literary movements of the second half of the 20th century in Italy, with special reference to his approach to literature, which proposes a modern rewriting of myth. Conte is in fact a co-founder of "Mitomodernismo". "Mitomodernismo" is a literary movement, established in 1994 and currently still active, which aims to revive modern society through a spiritual rebirth promoted by a recovery of basic human values, as these appear within the boundaries already suggested by myth since antiquity. The Mitomodernisti propose an alternative which could assist contemporaries to overcome the obstacles created by modern "maladies", particularly in the West, whether these be socio-cultural, ecological, or religious. Throughout Conte's entire æuvre one clearly perceives this strong desire for rebirth which for the author is concretised in "Fare Anima", that is, a way to reconnecting with the universe, of rising towards the "light". This tension towards rebirth could be compared metaphorically to the quest for the Graal, which involves suffering as a way to redemption. The artist's visionary work is comparable to the extrasensory journey undertaken by the shaman during his trance. For this reason, in Part One of this study the figure of the shaman will also be examined in a socio-cultural context, in order to transfer it better to the literary context. The whole of Part Two is dedicated to an analysis of Conte's æuvre - poetry, novels and also, but only indirectly, essays and articles - in the light of his fundamental themes, which metaphorically turn the writer into a "shaman". The analysis is based on some concepts put forward by the Swiss psycho-analyst Carl Gustav Jung, such as the function and symbolism of myth in literature from a psychoanalytical perspective. RIASSUNTO In questo studio vengono prese in esame le opere dello scrittore ligure Giuseppe Conte, pubblicate dal 1972 al 2005. Nella Parte Prima vengono considerate le ragioni che giustificano questa ricerca su Giuseppe Conte. L'autore viene discusso nel contesto dei movimenti letterari del secondo Novecento in Italia, ed in particolare il suo approccio alla letteratura che propone una riscrittura del mito in chiave moderna. Lo scrittore è infatti uno dei cofondatori del "Mitomodernismo". Il "Mitomodernismo" è un movimento letterario che vide la luce nel 1994 e che è ancora attivo alla data attuale. Esso si prefigge di risanare la società moderna mediante una rinascita spirituale promossa dalla ripresa dei valori umani di base, simili a quelli suggeriti dal mito fin dai tempi antichi. A tutto ciò i Mitomodernisti propongono un'alternativa che aiuti l'uomo contemporaneo a superare gli impedimenti creati da queste "malattie" moderne, particolarmente nell'ambito occidentale, siano queste socioculturali, ecologiche, religiose, o altre. Attraverso tutta l'opera di Conte si percepisce chiaramente questo desiderio di rinascita che per lo scrittore si concretizza nel "Fare Anima", vale a dire in un modo di ricollegarsi al cosmo, di innalzarsi verso la "luce". Questa tensione verso la rinascita può venire metaforicamente comparata alla ricerca del Graal attraverso la sofferenza che redime. L'opera visionaria dell'artista è paragonabile al viaggio extrasensoriale intrapreso dallo sciamano durante la sua trance. Per questo motivo nella Prima Parte di questo studio si esamina la figura dello sciamano anche in ambito socioculturale per poterla poi meglio trasferire in quello letterario. La Parte Seconda è completamente dedicata all'analisi dell'opera contiana - poesie, romanzi e, trasversalmente, i saggi e gli articoli alla luce dei suoi temi portanti, che dello scrittore fanno metaforicamente uno "sciamano". L'analisi viene condotta basandosi su alcuni concetti elaborati dallo psicoanalista svizzero Carl Gustav Jung, quali la funzione ed il simbolismo del mito in letteratura da una prospettiva psicoanalitica. / Classics & Mod Euro Lang / D. Lit. et Phil.

This study examines the literary texts of the Ligurian writer Giuseppe Conte published between 1972 and 2005. In Part One, the reasons are considered which justify this research on Giuseppe Conte. This author is discussed in the context of the literary movements of the second half of the 20th century in Italy, with special reference to his approach to literature, which proposes a modern rewriting of myth. Conte is in fact a co-founder of "Mitomodernismo". "Mitomodernismo" is a literary movement, established in 1994 and currently still active, which aims to revive modern society through a spiritual rebirth promoted by a recovery of basic human values, as these appear within the boundaries already suggested by myth since antiquity. The Mitomodernisti propose an alternative which could assist contemporaries to overcome the obstacles created by modern "maladies", particularly in the West, whether these be socio-cultural, ecological, or religious. Throughout Conte's entire æuvre one clearly perceives this strong desire for rebirth which for the author is concretised in "Fare Anima", that is, a way to reconnecting with the universe, of rising towards the "light". This tension towards rebirth could be compared metaphorically to the quest for the Graal, which involves suffering as a way to redemption. The artist's visionary work is comparable to the extrasensory journey undertaken by the shaman during his trance. For this reason, in Part One of this study the figure of the shaman will also be examined in a socio-cultural context, in order to transfer it better to the literary context. The whole of Part Two is dedicated to an analysis of Conte's æuvre - poetry, novels and also, but only indirectly, essays and articles - in the light of his fundamental themes, which metaphorically turn the writer into a "shaman". The analysis is based on some concepts put forward by the Swiss psycho-analyst Carl Gustav Jung, such as the function and symbolism of myth in literature from a psychoanalytical perspective. RIASSUNTO In questo studio vengono prese in esame le opere dello scrittore ligure Giuseppe Conte, pubblicate dal 1972 al 2005. Nella Parte Prima vengono considerate le ragioni che giustificano questa ricerca su Giuseppe Conte. L'autore viene discusso nel contesto dei movimenti letterari del secondo Novecento in Italia, ed in particolare il suo approccio alla letteratura che propone una riscrittura del mito in chiave moderna. Lo scrittore è infatti uno dei cofondatori del "Mitomodernismo". Il "Mitomodernismo" è un movimento letterario che vide la luce nel 1994 e che è ancora attivo alla data attuale. Esso si prefigge di risanare la società moderna mediante una rinascita spirituale promossa dalla ripresa dei valori umani di base, simili a quelli suggeriti dal mito fin dai tempi antichi. A tutto ciò i Mitomodernisti propongono un'alternativa che aiuti l'uomo contemporaneo a superare gli impedimenti creati da queste "malattie" moderne, particolarmente nell'ambito occidentale, siano queste socioculturali, ecologiche, religiose, o altre. Attraverso tutta l'opera di Conte si percepisce chiaramente questo desiderio di rinascita che per lo scrittore si concretizza nel "Fare Anima", vale a dire in un modo di ricollegarsi al cosmo, di innalzarsi verso la "luce". Questa tensione verso la rinascita può venire metaforicamente comparata alla ricerca del Graal attraverso la sofferenza che redime. L'opera visionaria dell'artista è paragonabile al viaggio extrasensoriale intrapreso dallo sciamano durante la sua trance. Per questo motivo nella Prima Parte di questo studio si esamina la figura dello sciamano anche in ambito socioculturale per poterla poi meglio trasferire in quello letterario. La Parte Seconda è completamente dedicata all'analisi dell'opera contiana - poesie, romanzi e, trasversalmente, i saggi e gli articoli alla luce dei suoi temi portanti, che dello scrittore fanno metaforicamente uno "sciamano". L'analisi viene condotta basandosi su alcuni concetti elaborati dallo psicoanalista svizzero Carl Gustav Jung, quali la funzione ed il simbolismo del mito in letteratura da una prospettiva psicoanalitica. / Classics and Mod Euro Lang / D. Lit. et Phil.

This thesis is concerned with the experimental prose by Aldo Palazzeschi: Allegoria di Novembre (1908 as Riflessi, 1926), Il Codice di Perelá (1911) and La Piramide (1914). At the beginning of the thesis the author gives an insight into the writers biography, then outlines the difficult situation of the individuality of modern man at the beginning of twentieth century. The thesis is mainly devoted to the analysis of specific Palazzeschi's works. Author has been looking for specific language and stylistic features. Author also observes evolution of the writer's creative process. In the center of her interest there are also the protagonists of the works and the evolution of their characters. In the final chapter the main features of analysed works are summarised.

Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Translation Studies at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. 2015 / This study presents an argument for considering the works of Nuruddin Farah translated into Italian as core texts in the body of postcolonial Italian literature. The study focusses on Farah’s first two trilogies: Variations on the Theme of an African Dictatorship and Blood in the Sun. It is shown in this study that the translated versions of the novels making up these two trilogies, the former in particular, provide rare and unique narrative content capable of directly challenging the myths and misconceptions that have come to characterise the memory of the Italian colonial period. These works are read contrapuntally against historical narrative tropes that were used to represent Africa and Africans in Italian colonial literature. Farah’s work is also compared with the writing of contemporary writers of African descent whose work is at the forefront of interest in postcolonial studies in Italy. This study shows how Farah’s work complements and enhances this emerging literary tradition. It is then shown that, despite this obvious potential, the status of Farah’s work in the Italian literary system has been limited by an unwelcoming publishing climate for African literature in Italy. The study then provides an analysis of the translations themselves focussing on three texts: Maps, Gifts and Sweet and Sour Milk. This analysis takes the form of a descriptive comparative analysis aimed at establishing the extent to which the three different Italian translators of these texts handled the translation of stylistic features of the texts which signal their postcoloniality and their heritage of Somali oral poetry. It is concluded that, in the main, the translations are somewhat domesticated which has certain negative consequences in terms of their ability as texts to speak on behalf of the colonized people they represent. It is however noted that one text exhibits a greater tendency towards foreignization. By no means coincidentally, this text was produced by a translator with theoretical and practical experience in the field of postcolonial literature. The study concludes by conceiving of the trajectory of Nuruddin Farah’s work through the Italian literary system as a narrative of violence, resistance and retribution on either side of the colonial divide.

Em 1990, a publicação do livro Immigrato de Salah Methnani e Mario Fortunato marcou o início do movimento sócio-literário que veio a ser chamado pelos estudiosos letteratura italiana della migrazione. A partir de então, o número desses autores imigrados cresceu de forma exponencial e, atualmente, já se fala, inclusive, em uma segunda geração de escritores. Trata-se de autores das mais variadas nacionalidades, que apresentam os mais diversos estilos literários e cujas contribuições sócio-culturais são ainda estigmatizadas sob a alcunha de literatura migrante. Existem alguns estudos recentes que propõem alterar a nomenclatura, buscando atenuar os efeitos estereotípicos em relação a esses escritores e suas obras, embora ainda se mantenha a divisão clara entre produções de imigrados e de italianos. Este trabalho procura entender quais são as condições invariáveis de produção que fizeram com que todas as obras escritas por imigrados fossem consideradas indistintamente como pertencentes a um mesmo grupo. Nesse contexto, colocamos em discussão tanto a crítica quanto as obras, na busca de critérios e características comuns que poderiam explicar a situação em que estes autores se encontram. Dentro da rica produção da letteratura italiana della migrazione, escolhemos trabalhar com o conto Perla Nera, de Rosana Crispim da Costa, uma brasileira que mora e escreve na Itália, cuja produção deixa transparecer essa dualidade. Através da análise das características específicas desse texto, procuraremos identificar se, de fato, a obra escolhida pode ser considerada como literatura italiana da migração ou se, por outro lado, o texto em si fornece algumas pistas interpretativas que levariam a outros caminhos de classificação. / In 1990, the publication of the book Immigrato by Salah Methnani and Mario Fortunato marked the beginning of a socio-literary movement that will be called by the scholars as letteratura italiana della migrazione. Since then, the number of these immigrant authors grew exponentially and currently there is even an idea of a second generation of writers. These authors are from worldwide and present a wide variety of literary styles, whose socio-cultural contributions are still stigmatized under the name of migrant literature. There are some recent studies that propose to change the nomenclature, trying to mitigate the stereotypical effects about these writers and their works, although the clear difference between immigrant and Italian productions still remains. This study was proposed to understand, at first, what are the invariable production conditions that made all the books written by immigrants to be considered as belonging to the same group alike. In this context, we should put on discussion both critics and the foreigners works to search for a criteria and common characteristics that could explain the situation in which these authors are. Within the rich production of the letteratura italiana della migrazione we choose to work directly with the short story Perla Nera, by Rosana Crispim da Costa, a brazilian woman who lives and writes in Italy, whose production reveals this duality. By analyzing the specific characteristics of this text, we will try to identify if, for the matter of fact, this work can be considered as italian-immigrant or if, on the other hand, the text itself provides some interpretative clues that would lead to other ways of classification.

Esta pesquisa apresenta um breve estudo sobre a vida e a obra da escritora renascentista italiana Gaspara Stampa e descreve a recepção de sua obra no Brasil, contribuindo para os futuros estudos sobre a autora em nosso país. / This research presents a short study about the life and work of the Italian Renaissance writer Gaspara Stampa and describes the reception of her work in Brazil, contributing to future studies of the author in our country