Orientador: Wilkens Aurélio Buarque e Silva / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T08:18:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigues_MariadeFatimaRibeiro_M.pdf: 3893682 bytes, checksum: ea9c7e8dba1136a1dee73366c4ec5edd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: O objetivo nesta pesquisa foi avaliar a associação da prevalência de Desordens Temporomandibulares (DTM) em pacientes com otalgia, atendidos no Serviço de Otorrinolaringologia do Ambulatório Araújo Lima da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Amazonas, cujos exames médicos específicos tenham descartado causas otorrinolaringológicas para tais manifestações e, descrever a prevalência dos principais sinais e sintomas otológicos em pacientes com diagnóstico de DTM sem patologia otorrinolaringológica associada. Foram avaliados 500 pacientes com otalgia. O exame otorrinolaringológico consistiu na submissão dos pacientes a avaliações de orofaringoscopia, rinoscopia anterior e otoscopia, com o objetivo de afastar patologias específicas da área. Os pacientes voluntários com hipótese diagnóstica de desordens temporomandibulares foram encaminhados para avaliação e diagnóstico diferencial na área odontológica. O diagnóstico odontológico foi realizado por meio dos exames previstos na Ficha Clínica do CETASE/FOP-UNICAMP (Centro de Estudos e Tratamento das Alterações Funcionais do Sistema Estomatognático da Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba - Universidade Estadual de Campinas). O teste estatístico utilizado para verificar associações significativas, foi o G-teste. O nível de significância utilizado no teste foi de 5%. Entre os 500 pacientes avaliados, 94 (18,8%) apresentaram disfunção temporomandibular (DTM). Para os pacientes que apresentavam diagnóstico sugestivo de DTM: a amostra foi significantemente maior para o gênero feminino e na quarta década de vida; a sensação de surdez ou "ouvido tapado" atingiu 72,3% da amostra estudada, seguido de cefaléia (53,8%), zumbido (29,8%) e tontura (26,6%). A amostra de pacientes com DTM foi bastante significativa para dores na nuca e/ou pescoço (79,8%), dores nas costas (74,5%), dor na região temporal (66,0%), dor na região masseterina (63,8%) e na região frontal (56,4%). O estalido foi o sinal mais informado (39,4%), seguido de creptação (10,6%) e sensação de papel amassado (2,1%). O diagnóstico da DTM é muito controverso, assim como a relação deste com os sintomas otológicos, sendo muito importantes outros estudos a cerca deste mesmo assunto / Abstract: This objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in patients with otalgia, seen in the otorhinolaringology Service of the University of Amazon Medical School, whose specific medical exams have discharged otorrinolaringologic causes for such manifestations and to describe the prevalence of main otological signs and symptoms in patients with TMD diagnosis without otalgia with associated otorhinolaringological pathologies. This study evaluated 500 patients. The otorhinolaringological exam was constituted of orophryngoscopy, rinoscopy and otoscopy to discharge specific otorhinolaringological pathologies. The voluntary patients with TMD hypotheses were sent for odontologic evaluation and differential diagnosis. The odontologic diagnosis was made through exams of the CETASE/FOP - UNICAMP clinical file (Center of studies and treatment of estomatognatic system malfunctions of Piracicaba Dental School Campinas State University). The statistic test used to verify significant associations was G-test. The level of significance used in the test was 5%. From 500 patients evaluated, 94 (18,8%) had temporomandibular disfunction wich was significantly more frequent among women in their forties. The feeling of deafness or "blocked ear" was present in 72,3% of the sample studied followed by headache (53,8%), tinnitus (29,8%), dizziness (26,6%). The sample was very significant for neck pain (79,8%), back pain (74,5%), pain in the temporal region (66%), pain in the region of the masseter muscle (63,8%) and frontal sinus (56,4%). The click was the most reported sign (39,4%) followed by crackle (10,6%) and feeling of creased paper (2,1%). The diagnosis of TMD is controversial as well as its relation with otologic symptoms, so other studies are necessary to evaluate this relationship / Mestrado / Protese Dental / Mestre em Clínica Odontológica

Orientadores: Frab Norberto Boscolo, Solange Mongelli de Fantini / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T04:45:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Yanikian_AndreaKuroiva_D.pdf: 1486395 bytes, checksum: 75e4be17d5f12591a2e6a7d92f89aebe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Sistemas avançados de imagem, como a tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC) e a imagem por ressonância magnética (IRM) têm sido utilizados para avaliação da articulação temporomandibular (ATM). Dentre as entidades patológicas que mais comumente afetam a ATM está o deslocamento de disco (DD). O objetivo neste estudo foi verificar a posição da cabeça da mandíbula na fossa em imagens de TCFC e investigar sua relação com a posição do disco articular em IRM. Cinqüenta e dois pacientes da clínica de Ortodontia da FOUSP foram submetidos à RM bilateral das ATMs. Cem imagens de TCFC da ATM foram obtidas com o tomógrafo Newtom 3G. As reconstruções secundárias foram realizadas com o programa NemoScan e utilizadas para obtenção das medidas dos espaços articulares e verificação da posição da cabeça da mandíbula na fossa. Para a comparação das medidas dos espaços articulares e da posição da cabeça da mandíbula, diferentes diagnósticos da posição do disco articular foram reunidos em grupos, para os cortes sagital e coronal, de acordo com a direção do DD. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância one way e teste de Tukey, ao teste de Kruskal Wallis e Dunn e ao teste exato de Fisher (a=0,05). A posição normal do disco articular foi a mais comumente observada, seguida pelo DD envolvendo o terço lateral da articulação. No corte sagital central, a posição da cabeça da mandíbula foi predominantemente concêntrica. Observouse diferença estatisticamente significante apenas para o espaço articular posterior, que se apresentou reduzido para o grupo 2S em relação aos grupos 3S e 4S. No corte coronal central, o espaço articular medial foi maior para o grupo 1C. O espaço articular lateral apresentou-se maior para os grupos 2C e 3C do que para os demais grupos. O espaço articular superior foi menor para o grupo 4C. O espaço articular medial apresentou-se maior do que o lateral para a maioria das ATMs avaliadas, exceto para as ATMs com DD rotacional anterolateral e lateral. Concluiu-se que a posição do disco articular teve influência nos espaços articulares nos cortes sagital e coronal centrais de TCFC da ATM. Outros elementos associados à articulação, tais como ligamentos e músculos da mastigação, além das variações anatômicas individuais, em conjunto, devem ser considerados. / Abstract: Advanced imaging systems, as cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been used for the assessment of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Among the pathologies occurring in the TMJ, disk displacement (DD) is one of the most common observed. The aim of this study was to verify condylar position within the fossa in CBCT images and to investigate its relationship with disk position as depicted in MR images. Fifty two patients from FOUSP Orthodontic Clinic were submitted to bilateral MRI of the TMJ. One hundred CBCT images of the TMJ were obtained using a Newtom 3G. Secondary reconstructions were accomplished with Nemoscan software. Articular space measurements and condylar position were compared between groups which were classified according to disk position, for sagittal and coronal planes, considering the direction of DD. Data was evaluated by using ANOVA one way and Tukey test, Kruskall Wallis and Dunn tests (a=0,05) and Fisher exact test. Normal disk position was the most frequently observed, followed by DD localized in the lateral third of the joint. In the central sagittal slice, condylar position was mainly concentric. Posterior joint space in 2S group was lower than 3S and 4S groups. In the central coronal slice, medial space was higher for 1C group. The lateral space was higher for groups 2C and 3C than for the other groups. The superior space was lower for the 4C group. Medial space was higher than the lateral space for all groups, except for the TMJs with rotational anterolateral and lateral DD. It was concluded that disk position had influenced articular space measurements in the sagittal and coronal central slices of the TMJ's CBCT. Other elements associated to the joint, such as attachments and masticator muscles, besides individual anatomical differences, should also be considered. / Doutorado / Radiologia Odontologica / Doutor em Radiologia Odontológica

Orientador: Renata Cunha Matheus Rodrigues Garcia / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T23:54:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vasconcelos_LuciolaMariaRodriguesde_D.pdf: 3788526 bytes, checksum: 506d6bc87025b45b593cc050b76c9414 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Esta pesquisa avaliou a influência das flutuações hormonais do ciclo menstrual na força máxima de mordida (FMM) de voluntárias com e sem desordem temporomandibular (DTM). Foram selecionadas 28 voluntárias completamente dentadas entre 19 e 38 anos de idade (média de 23,9 anos), que não faziam uso de contraceptivos orais. As voluntárias foram divididas em dois grupos, sendo 15 com ausência de DTM (controle) e 13 diagnosticadas como portadoras de DTM de origem articular com ausência de sintomatologia dolorosa (grupo experimental), por meio do Reaserch Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD). A FMM foi avaliada durante três ciclos menstruais completos, de forma bilateral na região dos primeiros molares, por meio da utilização de sensores com 2,25 mm de espessura. A mensuração foi realizada durante as quatro fases do ciclo menstrual: 1. fase menstrual; 2. fase folicular; 3. fase periovulatória; e 4. fase lútea, que foram identificadas por meio de teste de ovulação. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos à análise estatística, sendo que a comparação dos valores da FMM entre os grupos independentes das fases do ciclo menstrual, assim como a comparação em cada uma das fases do ciclo, foram realizadas por meio do teste Mann-Whitney. Para a comparação entre as fases do ciclo menstrual para cada grupo estudado individualmente, os valores foram submetidos ao teste de Friedman. Os resultados demonstraram diferenças significantes (P<0,05) entre os grupos nas fases menstrual e folicular, sendo que as voluntárias com DTM apresentaram os maiores valores de FMM. Quando da comparação entre as fases do ciclo menstrual para os grupos avaliados observou-se que as voluntárias do grupo controle apresentaram os maiores valores (446,7 N) de FMM (P<0,05) durante a fase periovulatória, e as voluntárias com DTM apresentaram os menores valores (348,9 N) de FMM (P<0,05) durante a fase lútea. Concluiu-se que as flutuações hormonais decorrentes do ciclo menstrual influenciaram a força máxima de mordida de voluntárias saudáveis e com DTM. / Abstract: This study evaluated the influence of the hormonal fluctuations of the menstrual cycle in the maximum bite force (MBF) of volunteers with and without Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD). Twenty-eight overall dentate subjects who did not use oral contraceptives, aged 19-38 years (mean age 23.9 years), were selected to participate in this research. The volunteers were divided into 2 groups: 15 women without TMD (control group) and 13 women affected by articular form of TMD and absence of pain (experimental group) by means of the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD). The MBF was assessed bilaterally in the first molar region using 2.25 mm thick sensors. The measures were made in four phases during each of three menstrual cycles identified by ovulation test: 1. menstrual, 2. follicular, 3 periovulatory and 4. luteal. The results were subject to statistical analyses. For the comparison of the values of MBF among the groups, regardless the phases of menstrual cycle, as well as the comparison in each one of the phases, they were accomplished through the Mann-Whitney test. For the comparison among the phases of menstrual cycle of each group analyzed individually, the values were submitted to the Friedman test. The results have shown statistically significant difference (p<0.05) among the groups in menstrual and follicular phases and the subjects with TMD have presented highest values for MBF. Among the phases of the menstrual cycle, it has observed that the volunteers of control group presented highest values (446.7N) of MBF (p<0.05) at the periovulatory and women with TMD showed lower values at the luteal phase (348.9N) (p<0.05). It was concluded that hormone fluctuations related to menstrual cycle have influenced MBF of the healthy volunteers and of the TMD. / Doutorado / Protese Dental / Doutor em Clínica Odontológica

Orientador: Claudia Herrera Tambeli / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T16:08:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Favaro-Moreira_NadiaCristina_M.pdf: 2523723 bytes, checksum: 48425031ae7aa404e0ab4510150d0d98 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: As disfunções temporomandibulares (DTM) são condições dolorosas que envolvem a articulação temporomandibular (ATM) e os músculos mastigatórios, apresentam maior prevalência, severidade e duração no sexo feminino e são comumente associadas à inflamação. Apesar das drogas antiinflamatórias não esteroidais (AINEs) serem frequentemente utilizadas no controle de dores inflamatórias, muitos pacientes podem apresentar intolerância ao tratamento prolongado e nem todos os pacientes com dor na ATM respondem aos efeitos de tais medicamentos. Sabe-se que a dor inflamatória possui um componente simpático que pode predominar em casos com menor sensibilidade aos AINEs. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a contribuição desse componente simpático na dor instalada da ATM. Para isso (1) Investigamos a participação de adrenoceptores ß1, ß2 e ß3 na nocicepção induzida por formalina na ATM de ratos e (2) Verificamos se existe um dimorfismo sexual no efeito desses b-bloqueadores sobre a nocicepção. De acordo com o objetivo (1): A co-administração de formalina com os antagonistas de receptores ß1, ß2 e ß3, Atenolol, ICI 118.551 e SR59230A respectivamente, reduziu significativamente a nocicepção induzida por formalina na ATM de ratos. De acordo com o objetivo (2): A co-administração de doses baixas do antagonista de adrenoceptores ß1 (6µg) ou ß2 (0,1µg) com formalina apresentou um efeito antinociceptivo em fêmeas mas não em machos, indicando a existência de um dimorfismo sexual sobre o efeito destes antagonistas. Esses resultados sugerem que o bloqueio de adrenoceptores beta, mais especificamente ß1, ß2 e ß3, diminui a dor da ATM. Além disso, demonstram que as fêmeas são mais sensíveis aos efeitos antinociceptivos dos antagonistas ß-adrenérgicos do tipo 1 e 2 / Abstract: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are pain conditions that affect the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and masticatory muscles. These conditions present higher prevalence, severity and duration in females and appear to be associated with inflammation. Although non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been frequently used in the control of inflammatory pains, many patients may be intolerant to the prolonged treatment and some of them may not respond to the effect of these medications. It is already known that inflammatory pain has a sympathetic component that may predominate in the cases less sensitive to the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Therefore, in this study we investigated the contribution of this sympathetic component in TMJ' pain. Specifically we investigated (1) the participation of ß1, ß2 and ß3 adrenoceptors in the rat's TMJ nociception induced by formalin and (2) the existence of sexual dimorphism in the effect of ß-blockers in the TMJ nociception. Co-administration of formalin with ß1, ß2 and ß3 adrenoceptors antagonists, Atenolol, ICI 118.551 and SR59230A respectively, significantly reduced formalin-induced TMJ nociception. Co-administration of a low dose of ß1 (6µg) or ß2 (0,1µg) adrenoceptors antagonists with formalin significantly reduced formalin-induced TMJ nociception in females but not in males, indicating the existence of a sexual dimorphism in the effect of these antagonists. The findings of this study indicate that beta adrenoceptors, specifically ß1, ß2 and ß3 adrenoceptors significantly reduce TMJ pain. Furthermore, females are more sensitive than males to the antinociceptive effect of ß1 and ß2 adrenoceptor antagonists / Mestrado / Fisiologia Oral / Mestre em Odontologia

Orientador: Célia Marisa Rizzatti Barbosa / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T17:37:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Martins_AnaPaulaVarelaBrown_D.pdf: 3744881 bytes, checksum: a8970291a17e34c43b5d7149f77a114b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: A disfunção temporomandibular pode afetar músculos mastigatórios, articulação temporomandibular (ATM) ou ambos; possui elevada prevalência nas mulheres e sintoma mais comum é a dor. Foi proposto determinar mínima concentração efetiva da piperina para ativar o Potencial Receptor Transiente Vanilóide da subfamília 1 (TRPV1) na região da ATM direita de ratas Wistar, nas condições: normalidade, inflamação crônica na ATM, estresse crônico e associação destas. Foram desenvolvidos 2 estudos experimentais, randomizados, duplo-cegos (protocolo nº 2633-1). No estudo I, 48 animais foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em seis grupos, e cada grupo recebeu 30 ?l na ATM de uma das soluções: solução padrão (10% de álcool etílico, 10% de Tween 80 e 80% de solução salina estéril) ou 1, 2, 3, 4 e 5 ?g de piperina diluída em 100 ml da solução padrão. No estudo II, 144 ratas foram aleatoriamente distribuídas em grupos: A - inflamação crônica na ATM direita induzida pelo Adjuvante Completo de Freund; B - estresse crônico provocado pelo modelo crônico de estresse; C - associação dessas condições. Esses grupos foram subdivididos (n = 8), e injetados na ATM 30 ?l das mesmas soluções descritas previamente. Nos estudos, as ratas, na fase diestro do ciclo hormonal, após injeção de uma das soluções, foram avaliadas quanto ao comportamento nociceptivo, que consistia em quantificar o número de vezes que as ratas levantaram a cabeça abruptamente e tempo dispendido, em segundos (s), para coçar a região orofacial. Cada levantar da cabeça seguiu padrão uniforme de 1 segundo de duração, assim, os comportamentos foram expressos em função do tempo, possibilitando somatória. Para comparação estatística, foi empregado análise da variância e teste de Tukey-Kramer (P< 0,05). No estudo I, existiu diferença significante para comportamento de coçar a região orofacial entre os grupos de 2 ?g e 5 ?g (100,37 ± 63,81 s; 100,0 ± 60,5 s, respectivamente) e o controle (33.37 ± 18,48 s), e somatória dos comportamentos entre 2?g (130,87 ± 257,88 s) e o controle (62.75 ± 14,81 s). No estudo II, no grupo A, houve diferenças estatísticas significativas para os comportamentos de levantar a cabeça no grupo de 5?g (69,5 ± 16,44 s) e o controle (41,13 ± 15,06 s); coçar a região orofacial entre 4?g (51,5 ± 28,73 s) e o controle (14,71 ± 7,54 s), e na somatória entre 4 e 5?g (105,37 ± 22,64 s; 115,50 ± 35,14 s, respectivamente) e o controle (52,86 ± 17,46 s). No grupo B, nos comportamentos de levantar a cabeça entre 4 ?g (85,87 ± 19,21 s) e o controle (49,87 ± 10,70 s); coçar a região orofacial entre 5 ?g (48,25 ± 27,25 s) e o controle (35,75 ± 12,69 s). No grupo C, não houve diferença significante nos subgrupos. Assim, 0,02 ?g/ml de piperina mostrou-se a concentração mínima eficiente para provocar estímulo nociceptivo na condição de normalidade; a solução de 0,04 ?g/ml de piperina, para os grupos de inflamação crônica articular e de estresse crônico e para o grupo de associação das condições não foi evidenciado diferença estatística significante / Abstract: Temporomandibular Dysfunction may affect the masticatory muscles, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) or both, has high prevalence in women and most common symptoms is pain. It was proposed to determine minimal effective concentration of piperine to activate the transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily 1 (TRPV1) in the right TMJ in Wistar female rats under the conditions: normal, chronic inflammation in the TMJ, chronic stress and inflammation and stress combination. It was developed two randomized double-blind experimental studies (n. 2633-1). In study I, 48 animals were randomly divides into six groups, each group received 30 ?l into the TMJ one of this solutions: standard solution (80% sterile saline, 10% Tween 80 and 10% ethyl alcohol) or 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 ?g of piperine diluted in 100 ml of standard solution. In study II, 144 rats were randomly divided into groups: A - chronic inflammation in the right TMJ induced by Freund's Complete Adjuvant; B - chronic stress caused by chronic stress model; C - association of these conditions. These groups were divided (n = 8), and it was injected into the TMJ 30 ?l of the same solutions as previously describe. In both studies, rats in diestrous phase of the hormonal cycle, after injection of the solution, were assessed for nociceptive behavior, which consisted in quantify how many times the rats flinched its head and the time spent, in seconds (s), to rub the orofacial region. Each head flinch followed uniform pattern of 1 second duration, and the behaviors were expressed as time function, allowing the sum. For statistical comparison, it was used variance analysis and Tukey-Kramer (P<0.05). In study I, there was a significant difference for rubbing orofacial region between groups of 2 ?g and 5 ?g (100,37 ± 63,81 s, 100 ± 60,5 s, respectively) and control (33,37 ± 18,48 s), and the sum of the behaviors between 2?g (130,87 ± 257,88 s) and control (62,75 ± 14,81 s). In study II, in group A, there were statistical differences for head flinch behavior between 5?g (69,5 ± 16,44 s) and control (41,13 ± 15,06 s) groups; for rubbing orofacial region between 4?g (51,5 ± 28,73 s) and control (14,71 ± 7,54 s), and for the sum, among 4 and 5?g (105,37 ± 22,64 s, 115,50 ± 35,14 s, respectively) and controls (52,86 ± 17,46 s). In group B, for head flinching behavior there was significant difference between 4 ?g (85,87 ± 19,21 s) and control (49,87 ± 10,7 s); rubbing orofacial region, between 5 ?g (48,25 ± 27,25 s) and control (3,.75 ± 12,69 s). In group C, there was no significant difference in the subgroups. Thus, 0,02 ?g/ml of piperine showed the lowest concentration effective to cause noxious stimulation in normal condition, the solution of 0,04 ?g/ml of piperine, for groups of chronic joint inflammation and chronic stress and for association conditions group there was not statistical significant difference / Doutorado / Protese Dental / Doutora em Clínica Odontológica

The sacroiliac joints are a source of low back pain (1) and sacroiliac joint disorders are a common occurrence in clinical practice (2). Sacroiliac dysfunction is considered to be the most common cause of sacroiliac joint pain and subsequent lower back pain (3). However, the anatomical location of these joints and the lack of a satisfactory criterion standard (the “gold standard”) make the diagnosis of sacroiliac joint dysfunction difficult (4). Nevertheless, many different sacroiliac joint tests have been described to detect the sacroiliac dysfunction however none have been validated against any independent criterion standard (5). Furthermore, numerous invalidated tests attempt to diagnose the type of sacroiliac joint dysfunction although they also lack that satisfactory criterion standard (4, 5). The Sacral Base Pressure Test has been shown in a previous study to have good validity as an indicator of sacroiliac dysfunction (6). This study aimed to reconfirm the validity of the Sacral Base Pressure Test in diagnosing sacroiliac joint dysfunction. It also determined the predictive powers of the test in determining which type of sacroiliac joint dysfunction was present. Sixty-two participants underwent a double-blind experimental study where the results from the Sacral Base Pressure Test were compared against a cluster of previously validated tests of sacroiliac joint dysfunction. The cluster of tests gave the diagnosis against which the Sacral Base Pressure Test’s validity and predictive powers were determined. The cluster of tests included Standing Flexion Test, the Iliac Springing Test, Spine Test and Supine Long-Sitting Test. The former two tests only determined the presence of the sacroiliac joint dysfunction, whilst the latter tests also determined the type of dysfunction present. The results occurring in the Sacral Base Pressure Test, namely the external rotation of the feet, were measured using a digital inclinometer. There was no statistically significant difference in the results of the Sacral Base Pressure Test between the types of sacroiliac joint dysfunction. Only when the Sacral Base Pressure Test was performed on the right of the patient and when it analysed right-sided dysfunction types, was there a slight statistically significant difference (P = 0.0529) evident in the results. In terms of the results of validity, the Sacral Base Pressure Test was useful in identifying positive values of sacroiliac joint dysfunction but was not useful in identifying the negative values. The Sacral Base Pressure Test did not accurately diagnose patients with positive test results, however it was fairly helpful in correctly diagnosing patients with negative test results. The Sacral Base Pressure Test had only a “slight” agreement with the diagnosis according to the Landis and Koch Guidelines for Kappa interpretation. At this stage of research into the Sacral Base Pressure Test, the results are varied. In this study, the test was not a clinically useful test for determining the presence of sacroiliac joint dysfunction or the type of dysfunction present. Further research comparing the agreement of the Sacral Base Pressure Test or other sacroiliac joint dysfunction tests with a gold standard of diagnosis is necessary. / Dr. E.K. Urli Dr. J. Breitenbach Dr. C. Yelverton

M.Tech.

No description available.

The purpose of this study was to examine the sensitivity of the kinesthetic system in active movement of the shoulder joint. Three movement amplitudes, 45°, 90° and 125° were studied under two classical psychophysical methods, the method of constant stimuli and the method of average error. Ten subjects were each given one hundred trials per standard for both methods. Results yielded difference limens ranging from 1.4° to 2.2° and constant errors ranging from -0.07° to 1.05°, for the three standards. However, no significant differences occurred among DLs within each method and thus Weber's Ratio was found not to be constant over the range of movement. In terms of constant errors there was only one significant difference among these errors within the two methods. Learning was found not to occur in the method of average error in that algebraic error, absolute error and within subject variability did not exhibit any tendency to become smaller. / Education, Faculty of / Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of / Graduate

Disorders of the temporomandibular joint (TMD) are the most common chronic pain conditions in the dental population. The cardinal signs and symptoms of these disorders are pain in orofacial muscles and / or joints; joint sounds; and limitation o f mandibular movement. Limitation of mandibular movement is usually assessed by measuring linear mouth opening. However, this has a number o f limitations. It is dependent on variables such as age, gender and ramus length. A new measure o f movement was therefore developed, the temporomandibular opening index, which was found, in a limited study to be independent of age and gender. In this study, several variables - age., gender, gonial angle and ramus length - were studied to determine their effect, on the temporomandibular opening index. This temporomandibular opening index was determined as a ratio between active (voluntary) and passive mouth opening (Miller et al., 1999). Forty-two subjects who did not exhibit signs and symptoms o f TMD were recruited to the study. Ramus length, gonial angle, gender, and age were tested for association with the temporomandibular opening index. Linear regression analysis showed that there was no evidence o f a relationship between the TOI and any o f the variables tested. The analysis showed that the temporomandibular opening index was not dependent on gender (p>0.644); gonial angle (p>0.327); ramus length (p>0.248) and age (p>0.690). This suggests that, as the temporomandibular opening index is also independent o f both age and gender, it is a better indicator o f limitation of oral opening than linear mouth opening measurements. In addition, it can also be used to categorise TMD patients. It is a cost effective, simple aid in the diagnosis o f these disorders.