Thesis (M.A.)--Youngstown State University, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves [95]-98).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2004. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.P.A.)--Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 2003. / Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 2944. Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 76-78).

Thesis (M.Arch.)--University of Detroit Mercy, 2009. / "24 April 2009". Includes bibliographical references (p. 99-101).

This thesis illustrates and analyses the ambiguity of the Bengali middle-class perception regarding the colonial legal and penal institutions, specifically the criminal courts and the jails, in the second half of the nineteenth century. The institutional functioning of the criminal courts and the jails form a marginal part of the thesis. The main focus is the bhadralok perception of these institutions as the repository of "law and order" as established by the colonial rule of law. This thesis contends that though the perceived need for preserving law and order through the rule of law came from the colonial government in the first half of the nineteenth century, it had the approval of the bhadralok. It is further argued that the categories of the criminals in the Bengal Presidency (or province), generated by the colonial government at the site of the criminal courts and the jails, were congruent with the divide separating the higher castes from the lower castes. These categories helped the bhadralok to take on a non-criminal identity, based on their perception of the colonial discourse on the criminal classes. Further, from the mid nineteenth century to the late nineteenth century, the increasing familiarity with the courts and the jails enabled the bhadralok, on the basis of their own changing experience, to construct a non-criminal identity for themselves. The central theme of the thesis is therefore the evolution of a bhadralok noncriminal identity revolving around their experience of the courts and the jails throughout the mid to late nineteenth century. On the basis of this non-criminal identity, the bhadralok in the late nineteenth century stood in opposition to the colonial government's mechanisms of control, namely the criminal courts and the jails, by questioning its right to impose such control on a non-criminal section of society, and thereby immediately imbuing the colonial government with illegality and oppression. But this was possible only after the identity of criminality had been grafted onto the lower sections of the society, the chhotolok. as it enabled the bhadralok to construct the mental image of the criminal courts and the jails as generally applicable only to the chhotolok. This, in turn, rendered the site of the criminal courts and the jails as spaces reserved for the lower sections of society. The first decade of the twentieth century is examined briefly to bring out the contrast of this period as against the bhadralok discourse evolving through the mid to late nineteenth century, which had set out the space of the criminal courts and the jails as desecrated space, unfit for the bhadralok to occupy. Against this background, the national movement endowed the legal and penal procedure with illegality and misrule of law, when they operated on the bhadralok as political prisoners. This was in diametrical contrast to the perception of the legitimacy of the legal and penal institutions when they operated on the chhotolok with the end of preserving law and order through these two institutions.

Virtualization is used extensively by Enterprise IT architecture and cloud computing, it is used to provide customers a part of their hardware resources as a service. Container technology is the new generation of virtualization and provides performance benefits due to less overhead. Earlier research has compared different container technologies regarding their performance, including Docker which is the most popular container technology. Most of this research has been focusing on Linux based container technologies. Even though there is interest in knowing how other container technologies under different operating systems perform. In this study we explore the performance of Docker in contrast to the performance of a contending container technology named Jails. We present how well each container technology performs running one or multiple containers, in the areas of CPU, memory, read from disk, write to disk, network and startup time efficiency. The comparison was done using collected statistics from different benchmarking tools. Results from this study have shown that Docker is utilizing shared resources and has better stability compared to Jails. We also discuss what unexplored benefits Docker and Jails can have by implementing each other’s unique features. Future work could consist of writing to disk or reading from disk performance tests under one common filesystem, e.g., ZFS file system. / Virtualisering används i stor utsträckning av Enterprise IT-arkitektur och molntjänster, den används för att kunna erbjuda sina kunder en del av sina hårdvaruresurser som en tjänst. Containerteknologi är den nya generationen virtualisering och ger prestandafördelar på grund av mindre omkostnader. Tidigare forskning har jämfört olika containerteknologier angående deras prestanda, inklusive Docker, som är den mest populära containertekniken. Merparten av tidigare forskning har fokuserat på Linuxbaserade containerteknologier, även om det finns intresse för att veta hur andra containerteknologier under olika operativsystem fungerar. I denna studie undersöker vi Dockers prestanda jämfört med prestandan till containerteknologin med namnet Jails. Vi presenterar hur bra varje containerteknologi fungerar med att köra en eller flera containrar inom områdena CPU, minne, läsa från disk, skriva till disk, nätverkshastighet och starttid. Jämförelsen gjordes med insamlad statistik från olika referensverktyg. Resultat från denna studie har visat att Docker använder delade resurser på ett effektivare sätt och har bättre stabilitet jämfört med Jails. Vi diskuterar också vilka outforskade fördelar Docker och Jails kan ha genom att implementera varandras unika funktioner. Framtida arbete kan bestå av att skriva till disk eller läsa från diskprestanda under ett gemensamt filsystem, t.ex. ZFS-filsystem.

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In recent years there has been a strong movement to replace outdated and inadequate jails throughout the United States. According to the National Sheriff's Association 15.9% of all jails have been under a court order to improve services or conditions at one time or another. In addition, 960 jails of the 3,493 existing jails in the United States were built prior to 1950. This need for new construction or renovation has given birth to a new area of expertise among architects and contractors--jail design and construction. While design and construction techniques have improved, little is known of the effects of physical environment on the social climate of a jail. This research seized upon a natural experiment in which an old, antiquated jail (Rocky Butte Jail) was replaced by a new, ultra-modern 470 bed high-rise jail (Multnomah County Detention Center). The question of what kind of physical environment change affects the social climate of a jail has broad implications with regard to design and construction of jails and other secure facilities. If the answer to this question can be determined, then it may be possible to provide improved service delivery in local jails, increase staff satisfaction with the work environment of jails, and improve mental and emotional health of jail staff and inmates; all of which can be translated into savings to the taxpayer. This study is a pre- and post-event research investigation that used the Rocky Butte Jail and the Multnomah County Detention Center as the setting for this inquiry. The Sonoma County (California) and Salt Lake County (Utah) jails served as control jails. The Correctional Institution Environmental Scale was administered to 877 inmates and staff in the four jails in 1983 and 1984. While the evidence is somewhat inconclusive, the Analysis of Covariance suggests that the inmates and staff as a group believe that there is a positive social climate in the Multnomah County Detention Center. This is expressed in terms of perceived support from fellow inmates and fellow officers and that the jail is orderly and well managed. In addition, inmates and staff as separate groups and in toto have a clear perception of what is expected of them. More important, perhaps, is the indication that well written and clear Policies and Procedures contribute greatly to the orderly management of an institution of this size. Finally, the data leads one to the conclusion that it may never be possible to gain a complete grasp of social climate in an institution of this nature. In general, this research provides a contribution to the literature and to future discussions of jail construction and design.

Benjamin Appert fut, sous la Restauration et le règne de Louis-Philippe, un philanthrope suffisamment célèbre pour que Stendhal en fasse un personnage de roman, dans Le Rouge et le Noir. L'écrivain le campe en visiteur de prisons, ce qui effectivement constituait une grande part de ses activités, l'autre concernant l'enseignement mutuel. Depuis, Appert a sombré dans l'oubli. Il n'y a plus guère que les spécialistes de la question pénitentiaire et de l'école pour connaître son existence, et l'on perd sa trace en 1855, date de son départ pour la Grèce.C'est en ce point que nous prenons le relais. Nous lui emboîterons le pas, grâce à l'exceptionnel document que constitue le recueil de notes publié par lui sous le titre : Voyage en Grèce. Qu'allait-il faire en Grèce ? Non seulement visiter les prisons, les écoles, les hôpitaux, les casernes, pour dresser un état des lieux et proposer des réformes, dans le but d'assainir un pays en proie au brigandage, mais surtout réaliser un projet mûri de longue date, la fondation d'une colonie pénitentiaire modèle, qu'il tentera d'implanter à Modon (Méthoni).S'agissait-il d'une utopie ? Telle est la question qui court au long de cette recherche. La réponse dépend évidemment du sens que l'on donne à ce terme. En ce temps des utopies sociales que constitue la première moitié du XIXe siècle, peut-on mettre Benjamin Appert au rang d'un comte de Saint-Simon ou d'un Fourier ? C'est ce que nous étudierons. D'ores et déjà, on peut voir dans son histoire en Grèce un excellent exemple des rencontres qui eurent lieu entre Occident et Orient, toutes chargées de malentendus, de préjugés et d'idéalisme. Exemple que nous pouvons méditer. / Benjamin Appert was a French philanthropist during the Restoration and the reign of Louis-Philippe. He was famous enough for Stendhal to make him a character in his novel Le Rouge et le Noir. The writer describes him as a prison visitor, his principal activity; but he also took an interest in mutual teaching. After this period, he sank into oblivion. The only people who know about him are the specialists of penal and educational issues. His track was lost in 1855 when he left to Greece.At that time, we take over. We will follow him closely, thanks to an exceptional document, the collection of notes he published under the title of Journey in Greece. What did he go to Greece for ? He did not only want to visit prisons, schools, hospitals and barracks, so as to draw up a survey and propose reforms to clean up a country subjected to robbery, but he aimed to achieve a plan he had been nurturing for a long time, the settlement of a model penal colony he tried to establish in Modon (Methoni).Was it a utopia? That is the question which runs all through our research. Of course the answer depends on the meaning of the word. During the first half of the XIXth century, a time brimming with social utopias, could we rank Benjamin Appert on the same level as Saint-Simon or Fourier? That will be our subject. We can already consider his story in Greece as an excellent example of the connections which took place between West and East, heavily loaded with misunderstanding, prejudice and idealism. An example we could meditate over.