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Johannesburg is a melting pot of people from different walks of life who have come to the city on the pursuit of happiness. Hillbrow is a neighbourhood infamous for its criminal activities. It is the point of arrival for many of the people who travel to Johannesburg looking for work, making it a very hostile environment for the vulnerable. Human trafficking is a highly lucrative business in South Africa. The global market for human trafficking is at $42, 5-billion (about R317-billion). In the Children’s Act 38, Section 194 of 2005 one of clauses refers to the needs of young women affected by human trafficking, (Mahery, Jamieson, & Scott, 2011). There is a clear need for a re-imagined approach to the typology of shelters provided through welfare structures. Young women need shelters in the inner city that are tailored for their specific needs especially the vast majority who are forced into the city through prostitution and human trafficking. This thesis deals with the design of a new typology that best addresses the needs of a shelter for young women in the city.

A research project submitted to the Faculty of Science, School of Education, University of the Witwatersrand, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science by combination of coursework and research, 2017 / This study investigates learners’ performance in solving arithmetic equivalences and arithmetic and algebraic equations and was influenced by the notion of the didactic cut (Filloy & Rojano, 1989). Data was collected from two township schools in Johannesburg using a written test. With a Vygotskian perspective on learning, learners’ performance was investigated in two ways: through a response pattern analysis of 106 test scripts as well as through an error analysis on 46 scripts. The response pattern analysis identified seven clusters of responses, each of which suggested a different performance pattern. Two clusters of responses suggest evidence of the didactic cut and that learners struggled with the concept of negativity. A purposive sample of 46 test scripts was analysed further to investigate the actual errors that learners made. Common errors within the two most relevant response pattern analyses were also investigated. Using a combination of typological and inductive methods to categorise learners’ errors, equality and negativity errors were most prominent. Findings revealed that there were very few learners who used arithmetic strategies to solve arithmetic equations and that instead, they used algebraic procedures. The most unexpected finding was that learners appear to memorise the structure of solutions and hence manipulate their procedures in order to obtain familiar structured solutions. Key words: Equality, equal sign, solving linear equations, negativity, learner error, response patterns / XL2018

What if you could spend an idea to earn money? Detected through an anthropological lens, rather than a strictly economical one; the context of this thesis inherits a feverishly fluctuating South African economy. It is pitted against often contradictory and interchanging consciousness of opportunity in the so-called formalised and informalised markets; and within the flaring gap that exists between the two. This gap finds spatiality in South African post-Apartheid cities, in which physical buffers to dense marginalised communities remain visible; as in the particular case of Johannesburg. Investigations into the spatial orders of postmodern ‘money institutions’ (including the bank, shopping mall and casino) show that the urban phenomena of emergent ‘money borders’ also echoes itself in its architecture. Through historical analysis, the capitalist construct displays itself increasingly as a closed protected entity. Underneath the exquisitely woven Persian rug of privatised space, trapdoors to dubious and illicit spots often exist, In this space, it is all smoke and mirrors. The rules can be broken for the desires of those inside, and keep out the supposed risks of those who are not. Its detachedness is reconstructed through the theoretical perspectives of Michel Foucault and Georg Simmel; this examination providing grasp for spatial tools which, if altered, could recalibrate the way in which privatised spaces open and close themselves to the public. How can a reassembly of spatial and psychological thresholds in financial institutions assist in making capital more accessible to the idea-bearer? The results of this research propose reworked syntax of physical legibilities which make entry, participation and exit in financial systems understandable and therefore more possible. An idea trading floor (idea bank) is designated as the principal programme; where the possibility of intersection of capital, presented by an investor meeting an innovator with an idea is available, in a stripped down form. Beginning with the shell of the capitalist epitome ‘free market’ stock trading floor, a new re-mastered hybrid is born. Usually fascinatingly chaotic, these spaces are viscerally experiential but also remain inaccessible to many parts of society. What if we could sell stocks for entrepreneurial ideas, in a physical, space-folded, compact trading floor, partly quotidian like that of a supermarket, and partly fantastical and alluring? Fertile ground for such a transaction point is identified at an intersection in Wynberg, Johannesburg; which currently lies suspended along a highly-trafficked pedestrian movement route between Alexandra and Sandton, and is earmarked for a future transport interchange. Space-folding techniques underline the conceptual arrangement of the architecture; with the superimposition of idea bank with micro-factories and gathering spaces. These programmes are vertically punctured by a circulation vein to the proposed bus terminal below the site, revealing the processes of seed capital generation for a passing commuter or visitor: In addition, through spatially centralising the idea; creativity and the possibility for change; rather than money as an end in itself; this thesis speculates cause-led spatial practice rather than a profit-led one. Ultimately, if capital has a wall around it (literally and fi guratively), perhaps architecture could put a door in it; in doing so making cognizant the presence of the wall; and therefore the possibly to transverse through it.

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Urban Design / Many forgotten and resurfacing emerging theories in the field of urbanism are starting to recognise highperformance landscapes and green infrastructure as an essential urban element toward more resilient urban development. This report, entitled ‘Future-proofing the Urban Landscape: Green Infrastructure as a Primer for Resilient Urban Development’ addresses the question of whether Green Infrastructure can become the primary structuring element towards achieving more resilient development, and how this structure influences public place-making. The strategy is tested on a the Frankenwald site, one of the last remaining greenfield sites in Johannesburg. The proposed development comprises of guidelines and an indepth phasing strategy for development and intermediate natures that add long-term value towards future-proofing the city. The document establishes that green infrastructure is a highly relevant subject to consider for the planning of future cities. As a discourse it adds value to the profession of urban design and questions the urban designer’s capacity to offer more productive landscapes and assist in protecting and enhancing the ecosystem services of cities. The multi-layered nature of priming for green infrastructure services make available a variety of natural elements to be exposed and designed by means of meaningful place making. / GR2017

Thesis is submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of Master of Architecture to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, School of Architecture and Planning at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2017 / The world is standing on the cusp of a third industrial revolution that will see an explosion of creativity, knowledge creation and innovation. South Africa is at the forefront of a different revolution, one that is concerned with the access to knowledge and education. While these revolutions are somewhat different, they fight for the same ideal; that is a world where information and education are available to all, such that people are inspired to innovate, create and empower themselves through the development and use of new knowledge. These revolutions will be facilitated by a number of factors, but what is architecture’s role? This research report discusses a makerspace as an architectural response to the coming knowledge revolution and what this typology means in the context of Johannesburg, South Africa. The author makes reference to the theoretical understanding of maker culture as the celebration of creativity and innovation and that a makerspace facilitates access to the tools and space required so that anyone can make. The intent of this research report is to create an architectural intervention based on extensive research of related theories, careful analysis of the context and various precedent studies. The key issue is determining how the typology affects and is affected by the context. The author utilises the context of Newtown, Johannesburg for the intervention due to its history as a primarily industrial area that grew into a cultural hub of the city. In a World where knowledge has become a privatised commodity, this research report explores how architecture, specifically in the form of a makerspace, can democratise access to information, empower the individual and the community, and boost a stagnant local economy through the encouragement of entrepreneurship. / MT2017

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Fine Arts, 2015 / This research explores the dialogical in arts pedagogy. This form of pedagogy is understood to allow for both the learner and educator to participate by exchanging experiences without the one being more superior to the other (Freire 1968, p. 169). In this thesis I use the Zulu term Inkulumo-Mpendulwano, which, rudimentarily, means dialogue. Broken down, Inkulumo means to talk or to have a conversation and Mpendulwano means to respond. However, I also use the term Ukufundisa, which means “to teach” but also “to instruct” and “to school” which is an authoritarian way of teaching. What is emphasised in this research is not only the potentiality of InkulumoMpendulwano interactions which can be adapted in the classroom as well as curated spaces, but by introducing different terminologies I attempt to reimagine the language and practices associated with arts education. This further engages with the possibility of changes in terminology and vocabularies, how the written and spoken is understood differently and how visual and spatial modes become central to changing the learner/teacher dynamic. This dissertation exemplifies two cases of the dialogical arts pedagogy. The first is a case study of Keleketla! Library and the second is a participatory action research approach where I work as an artist-educator for the practical component of this research entitled Artucation Programme. The outcome of this research is a written dissertation and a creative project that investigates InkulumoMpendulwano interactions in arts education. / XL2018

A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Arts, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts, 1995 / This thesis presents an analysis of the relationship between social processes, cognitive understandings and the organisation of space, as this pertains to local-level politics in a section of Alexandra township, South Africa, during 1991 and 1992. The context of the thesis is the attempts by the Alexandra Civic Organisation and the Alexandra branch of the African National Congress to elicit support from people living in formal and inform~i housing during a period of intense violence. The focus of the ethnographylis on local-level civic structures and political leadership, which in some ways support and in others contradict the aims and objectives of these two organisations. The reason for this internal political diversity is that local-level politics is embedded within social maps - cognitive orderings of space that represent patterns of social relations and structures of power. This points to the main theoretical focus of the thesis: the interrelationship of space, culture and society in an urban context. Urbanism is conventionally defined in sociological and geographical terms as the articulation between social process and urban spatial form. The thesis shows how anthropology can make a contribution to this field of study by incorporating a concern with culture. The mutually constitutive relationship of urban space, culture and society presents a way of looking at urbanism that does not depend on a rural-urban dichotomy; a social. and cultural dualism which is conventionally fitted into a modernist narrative of urbanisation. The ethnography in the thesis demonstrates the inapplicability of this narrative, and the categories of rural tradition and urban modernity which it implies. Keywords: anthropology, urbanism, urbanisation, rural-urban dichotomy, space, Alexandra, politics, civic organisation, informal housing. / AC2017

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A research report submitted to the Department of Town and Regional Planning, School of Architecture and Planning, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand in partial fulfilment for the Degree of Master of Science in Housing / The influence of institutional rental housing policy (IRHP) on consumer choice in Johannesburg was evaluated through interviews with middle-income tenants and caretakers in Legae Gardens and JOSHCO Complex Two residences in reference to the Rental Act. Housing officials in Johannesburg Housing Company, Johannesburg Social Housing Company and Provincial Department of Housing were also interviewed. Primary data gained from interviews and observation of the residences and their surroundings was analysed based on Howard-Sheth and trade-off models of consumer choice and residential location respectively, with qualitativecomparative case study as the main research method. The IRHP has been translated into regeneration projects (institutional rentals (IRs) and infrastructure upgrading) and executed through planning principles such as mixed-use and neighbourhood safety based on national development goals (integration and sustainability). As affordable and quality IRs have been developed in preferable locations, this optimises consumer choice opportunities in terms of affordability, quality and location.