Zugl.: Diss. Bern. / Im Anhang: Jos Murers "Der jungen Mannen Spiegel", nach dem Originaldruck von 1560 herausgegeben.

This study describes and analyzes the impact of Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAPs) on the Jos women in the informal sector, as well as the strategies women adopt to ensure the survival of their businesses and families. Studies that have investigated the impact of SAP on women in the informal sector tend to take a rather disparate approach. Against this background, the present study develops a coherent conceptual framework for understanding the impact of SAPs on women in the sector. From an interview survey conducted with one hundred and fifty (150) Jos women in the informal urban sector, the study elicited data on the activities of the women and the ways SAPs affect their access to productive and reproductive resources, as well as on the responses of the women to SAPs-engendered socio-economic hardships. The data reveal that the Jos women engage in numerous income-generating activities, mostly in small-scale, low-income circulatory and service activities which are largely marginalized and bereft of institutionalized resources. In addition to their productive and income-generating activities, the Jos women perform the bulk of the reproductive and domestic work necessary for the support of the family. As well, the women perform some extra-household work for the welfare of the community and environment. The study shows that the Jos women are adversely affected by SAPs. Structural Adjustment Programmes are further limiting their access to business commodities, credit, stalls, information and training, food, healthcare, education and transportation facilities. Consequently, women are finding it difficult to maintain their businesses and families. Amidst the adverse effects of SAPs, the women are resiliently and innovatively responding to SAPs through numerous business and familial survival strategies. In addition to the responses of the Jos women, the Nigerian State, is attempting to reduce poverty among women through its various women-centered programmes. The study attributes the adverse and limiting effects of SAPs on the Jos women's access to resources to a number of forces. These include (a) the Nigerian limited and discriminatory opportunity structures which predispose women to the largely marginalized informal activities, (b) the small-scale and low-income nature of women's informal activities, (c) the unequal and exploitative relationship between the informal and formal sectors in which women provide consumer goods at low-cost for the regeneration of capitalist labour, (d) the circulatory and service nature of women's informal activities, (e) the gender- and class-biased structures inherent in SAPs, as well as in SAPs' implementing mechanisms and institutions and (f) women's altruistic and selfless attitudes. The study observes that the responses of both the Jos women and the Nigerian State to SAPs-engendered hardships are, at best, palliative or even cosmetic. The responses do not address the strategic needs of women. Hence the study makes a case for a transformatory strategy through the empowerment of women.

This study describes and analyzes the impact of Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAPs) on the Jos women in the informal sector, as well as the strategies women adopt to ensure the survival of their businesses and families. Studies that have investigated the impact of SAP on women in the informal sector tend to take a rather disparate approach. Against this background, the present study develops a coherent conceptual framework for understanding the impact of SAPs on women in the sector. From an interview survey conducted with one hundred and fifty (150) Jos women in the informal urban sector, the study elicited data on the activities of the women and the ways SAPs affect their access to productive and reproductive resources, as well as on the responses of the women to SAPs-engendered socio-economic hardships. The data reveal that the Jos women engage in numerous income-generating activities, mostly in small-scale, low-income circulatory and service activities which are largely marginalized and bereft of institutionalized resources. In addition to their productive and income-generating activities, the Jos women perform the bulk of the reproductive and domestic work necessary for the support of the family. As well, the women perform some extra-household work for the welfare of the community and environment. The study shows that the Jos women are adversely affected by SAPs. Structural Adjustment Programmes are further limiting their access to business commodities, credit, stalls, information and training, food, healthcare, education and transportation facilities. Consequently, women are finding it difficult to maintain their businesses and families. Amidst the adverse effects of SAPs, the women are resiliently and innovatively responding to SAPs through numerous business and familial survival strategies. In addition to the responses of the Jos women, the Nigerian State, is attempting to reduce poverty among women through its various women-centered programmes. The study attributes the adverse and limiting effects of SAPs on the Jos women's access to resources to a number of forces. These include (a) the Nigerian limited and discriminatory opportunity structures which predispose women to the largely marginalized informal activities, (b) the small-scale and low-income nature of women's informal activities, (c) the unequal and exploitative relationship between the informal and formal sectors in which women provide consumer goods at low-cost for the regeneration of capitalist labour, (d) the circulatory and service nature of women's informal activities, (e) the gender- and class-biased structures inherent in SAPs, as well as in SAPs' implementing mechanisms and institutions and (f) women's altruistic and selfless attitudes. The study observes that the responses of both the Jos women and the Nigerian State to SAPs-engendered hardships are, at best, palliative or even cosmetic. The responses do not address the strategic needs of women. Hence the study makes a case for a transformatory strategy through the empowerment of women. / Arts, Faculty of / Anthropology, Department of / Graduate

Includes bibliographical references (leaves 193-206) / This thesis describes a family variation among urban Nigerian couples called a commuter marriage. A commuter marriage in this study is defined as a union between a dual earner/dual career couple where the husband and wife have decided to live apart from each other due to work commitments until such a time as is convenient for them to live continuously together again. This separation is mainly undertaken to improve their financial and career prospects. The study seeks to understand what dynamics are involved in a commuter marriage in Jos, Plateau State. The Life Course Perspective, with a focus on the gendered life course perspective, serves as a theoretical framework for this study. The perspective assumes that families undergoing the same transitions are likely to display the same characteristics which may not be necessarily relevant for all families in the same life stage, while the gendered life course perspective acknowledges the gendered context. At the same time the cultural context of the Nigerian society in terms of family norms are taken into account. An overview of commuter marriages, including characteristics of commuter marriages and non-traditional marriages linked to commuter marriages are provided. The differences between established and adjusting couples were repeatedly underlined. The research has an underlying interpretivist paradigm, therefore a qualitative research methodology was deemed best for the study. A semi-structured interview guide and time diaries were used to obtain data from seventeen participants. It was found that a commuter marriage is costly financially, socially and emotionally. An emphasis on the male provider and the wife as the manager of the resources was highlighted. Commuter couples report that their greatest support system constitute their family members who show the most understanding to their situation. Commuter fathers were generally passionate about their fatherly roles, but had conflicting feelings about balancing work and family, feeling the family is losing out. Generally, commuter couples in this study showed a sincere desire for the commuting relationship not to span an indefinite amount of time. / Sociology / D. Phil. (Sociology)

Texte remanié de: Th. Ph. D.--History--University of Jos, 1994?. Titre de soutenance : Intergroup relations in the precolonial polities of Kauru and Pengana Highlands, Central Nigeria. / Bibliogr. p. 241-250. Index.

Tsetse flies, Glossina species, are the biological vectors of Trypanosoma species which cause animal African trypanosomiases (AAT) in livestock (especially cattle) in sub-Saharan Africa. This disease is often fatal without treatment and negatively impacts on rural, agricultural and economic development. On the Jos Plateau, north central Nigeria, AAT was historically of little significance due to the presumed absence of tsetse and Fulani pastoralists were encouraged to settle there. But over the last 30 years, the disease has become widespread and highly prevalent in the area. This has been attributed to the expansion of tsetse on the plateau, frequent migrations of cattle to areas with higher tsetse densities and the presence of other biting flies which serve as mechanical vectors. In the current study, the presence and abundance of tsetse was determined in selected villages using biconical tsetse trap surveys. The low number of flies trapped suggests that tsetse expansion has been very limited within the plateau but the fact that trypanosome DNA was present in over half of these flies implicates them in AAT transmission. The migration of a herd of cattle was also tracked and during the period, blood samples were collected from the cattle and examined for trypanosomes using molecular techniques. Despite prophylactic treatment and deltamethrin sprays, results showed that a significant proportion of the animals (52%) had become infected with T. vivax over the migration period. Tsetse flies (G. palpalis) were also slightly more abundant in some of parts of the migration area. Potential mechanical vectors (Stomoxys spp. and Tabanidae) were trapped and results obtained from the examination of their mouthparts for trypanosomes indicate their involvement in transmission. However, it is difficult to make any definite conclusions about their overall contribution which is thought to be minimal and more studies are needed to clarify their significance. It is concluded that trypanosomiasis risk from tsetse on the Jos Plateau is currently low and seasonal migration appears to be the main driver of AAT transmission by exposing cattle to more tsetse for longer periods. Other biting flies may play a limited role which remains undetermined. Continued monitoring of cattle and tsetse across the plateau over the next few years is important and the careful use of trypanocides and insecticide treated cattle is recommended as an appropriate control strategy.

Jose Ortega y Gasset created a systematic philosophy of history, the importance and relevance of which this thesis attempts to establish. The study begins with a survey of Ortega's life and works. Then it presents the basic concepts of his philosophical and sociological thought in order to place his historical work in the proper perspective. The aim is not the reconstruction of Ortega's philosophical system, a project which would take too much time and space, and one which is beyond the intent of this inquiry; the aim is instead to present the part of that system that deals with "history" in the Ortegan sense. The study presents Ortega's idea of history as a systematic reality that can be approached in a rational way. It also presents his theory of historical change by means of the mass-minority polarization within each generation, the attempt by Ortega to use such a theory as a method of historical research, and finally, what Ortega called "the crisis of the twentieth century."The study closes with a critical assessment of Ortega's work, pointing out how other thinkers might have influenced him, and looking into the relevance of his historical work from the point of view of the philosophy of history in the twentieth century.

After gaining independence in Lithuania (1990), the problem of retaining national individuality still remains a point at issue. National self-consciousness is a distinctive aspect of social self-consciousness. It is related to national identity - an individual being with the same ethnic community, considering it his/her nation. In the view of structure, national sel-consciousness acts as the unit of three components - cognitive, emotional and controlling. Development of Lithuanian national self-consciousness is related to its upbringing. Especially favourable conditions for upbringing national self – consciousness are at the teen-age, by consolidating and defining national identity of a person. Historically, in order to form, strengthen and consolidate mature national self-consciousness, attention to the national language, culture and education was paid. Possibilities of upbringing national self-consciousness are pointed out in the contemporary educational documents as well. National self-consciousness upbringing of junior guides by means of art works on national topics, is a scientific problem at issue. A guide is a person, that presents country, region, city, all the national history and cultural objects to tourists. Informal activity plays especially great role in upbringing self-consciousness of junior guides. Presumptions for national self-consciousness upbringing are laid in the art classes, by integrating principals of tourism and regional studies, stimulating... [to full text]

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-12-04T20:32:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RaphaelDeSouzaCruz_DISSERT.pdf: 1141417 bytes, checksum: 3d8a3a4dfcd59d704bb9a27ab7fe6e34 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-12-06T21:12:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 RaphaelDeSouzaCruz_DISSERT.pdf: 1141417 bytes, checksum: 3d8a3a4dfcd59d704bb9a27ab7fe6e34 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-06T21:12:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RaphaelDeSouzaCruz_DISSERT.pdf: 1141417 bytes, checksum: 3d8a3a4dfcd59d704bb9a27ab7fe6e34 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-20 / A disserta??o possui como tema a literatura de Jos? Saramago e sua interface com conceitos cl?ssicos e contempor?neos da sociologia. Tomando como corpus principal o livro A Caverna, tem por objetivo analisar a rela??o entre a literatura de Jos? Saramago e a sociedade contempor?nea e, de modo geral, a rela??o entre sociologia e literatura como narrativas complementares sobre o universo social. A quest?o central que se imp?e ? sobre a possibilidade de articular, atrav?s da obra de Saramago, sociologia e literatura como formas de express?o dos mesmos dilemas que marcam a experi?ncia humana de estar-no-mundo. Inicialmente, desenvolvo coment?rios sobre a rela??o entre sociologia e literatura e apresento elementos que permitem apontar a proximidade da obra de Saramago com a sociologia. Elaboro em seguida a ideia da modernidade como express?o ut?pica, tanto na literatura quanto na sociologia, e do Centro tematizado em A Caverna como modalidade de utopia degenerada da sociedade de consumo. Retorno ao livro para encontrar no romance elementos que permitam escapar a uma ?tica da resigna??o e formular seu potencial ut?pico, tendo como ponto de partida a remodelagem da no??o de utopia como interdi??o do presente, efetuada por Ernst Bloch. Do ponto de vista metodol?gico, trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliogr?fica, atrav?s da qual procurei identificar, na obra de Saramago, passagens que subsidiem a hip?tese de que sua literatura, em particular a obra A Caverna, pode ser tomada como uma forma de significa??o e leitura da realidade que se aproxima daquela realizada pela sociologia. Do ponto de vista da problematiza??o te?rica, o texto pode ser lido com um longo di?logo entre Jos? Saramago e Zygmunt Bauman; este ?ltimo como principal interlocutor, com eventual aux?lio de outros autores, todos localizados no espa?o de comunica??o entre interpreta??o social e constru??o liter?ria, como Wolf Lepenies, Franz Kafka, Beatriz Sarlo, Albert Camus, Ernst Bloch, Fi?dor Dostoi?vski, Peter Sloterdijk e Emil Cioran. / The dissertation has as its theme the literature of Jos? Saramago and its interface with classical and contemporary concepts of sociology. Taking as main corpus the book A Caverna, the objective is to analyze the relationship between the literature of Jos? Saramago and contemporary society and, in general, the relation between sociology and literature as complementary narratives about the social universe. The central question that is posed is the possibility of articulate, through Saramago's work, sociology and literature as forms of expression of the same dilemmas that mark the human experience of being-in-the-world. Initially, I develop comments about the relationship between sociology and literature and present elements that allow us to point out the proximity of Saramago's work to sociology. Henceforth, I elaborate the idea of modernity as a utopian expression, both in literature and in sociology, and of the Centro thematized in A Caverna as a modality of degenerate utopia of the consumer society. I return to the book to find in the novel elements that allow to escape from an ethics of resignation and to formulate its utopian potential, having as a starting point the remodeling of the notion of utopia as an interdiction of the present, elaborated by Ernst Bloch. From the methodological point of view, this is a bibliographical research, through which I tried to identify, in Saramago's work, passages that subsidize the hypothesis that its literature, in particular the work A Caverna, can be taken as a form of signification and reading of reality that is close to that realized by sociology. From the point of view of theoretical problematization, the text can be read as a long dialogue between Jos? Saramago and Zygmunt Bauman; the latter as the main interlocutor, with eventual help from other authors, all located in the space of communication between social interpretation and literary construction, such as Wolf Lepenies, Franz Kafka, Beatriz Sarlo, Albert Camus, Ernst Bloch, Fyodor Dostoevsky, Peter Sloterdijk and Emil Cioran.

The aim of this study is to examine conflict and how it impinges on development. Conflict is an inevitable element of human existence since creation and has always affected human activities and endeavors in several ways. Understanding the dimensions of human conflict therefore provides blueprints on how to manage and resolve conflicts. This makes this study timely. In this research, some relevant related to conflict management approaches were examined. The research adopted a case study approach using the Jos Plateau conflict in the Plateau State of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. Data was collected and analyzed using a mixed research methods approach. The findings show several causes of this conflict among which are differences in religious beliefs among the people of the area, socio-economic causes, political tensions and land disputes. The consequences of the conflict identified are: it retards development in the area, creates fear and feelings of insecurity, destruction of property and loss of human lives. This study also examined how the conflict impinges on people-cantered development. In terms of how the conflict can be mitigated, respondents think education, creation of employment opportunities, the administration of justice and the practice of tolerance values is going to promote a spirit of coexistence and eventually result in a more peaceful and stable environment.