by Xueyi Chen. / Thesis submitted in: December 1997. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 96-106). / Abstract also in Chinese. / Table of Contents / Abbreviations / Timeline / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Purpose and Significance / Chapter 1.2 --- Thesis Structure / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Historical Background / Chapter 2.1 --- Development of China's Stock Markets / Chapter 2.2 --- Paradox in China's Stock Markets / Chapter 2.3 --- Stock News Reporting in China / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Literature Review / Chapter 3.1 --- The Perspective of Political Economy: An Overview / Chapter 3.2 --- The Political Economy of China's Party Press: Change and Continuity / Chapter 3.2.1 --- "In the Mao Era: The Chinese Press as Propagandist, Agitator and Organizer" / Chapter 3.2.2 --- In the Era of Economic Reform: A Paradigm Shift / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Assumptions / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Methodology / Chapter 5.1 --- Four Periods: Operational Definitions for the Interplay of State Controls and Market Forces / Chapter 5.2 --- Contexts of the Field Study / Chapter 5.3 --- Research Procedures / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Content Analysis / Chapter 5.2.2 --- In-depth Interview / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Documentary Analysis / Chapter 5.2.4 --- Participant Observation / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Stock News Reporting under State-Market Dynamics / Chapter 6.1 --- The Period of Initial Reforms: From the Early 1980s to the Mid-1980s / Chapter 6.1.1 --- Continuing State Controls / Chapter 6.1.2 --- Absence of Market and Competition / Chapter 6.1.3 --- Content Pattern: Ideological Orthodoxy / Chapter 6.1.4 --- Reporting Mode: Orthodox Reporting / Chapter 6.2 --- The Period of Continuing Reforms: From the Mid-1980s to the Late1980s / Chapter 6.2.1 --- Relaxed State Controls / Chapter 6.2.2 --- Emerging Competition / Chapter 6.2.3 --- Content Changes: Minor Departures from Ideological Orthodoxy / Chapter 6.2.4 --- Reporting Mode: Orthodox Reporting with Increased Flexibility / Chapter 6.3 --- The Period of Interrupted Development: From the Late 1980s to1992 / Chapter 6.3.1 --- The Resumption of Tight State Controls / Chapter 6.3.2 --- Strengthening Market / Chapter 6.3.3 --- "Content Changes: Greater Diversity, News Value, and Responsiveness to Readers" / Chapter 6.3.4 --- Reporting Mode: Managing the News / Chapter 6.4 --- The Period of Ideological Legitimization: From 1993 to1996 / Chapter 6.4.1 --- Shorter Control-Relaxation Cycle / Chapter 6.4.2 --- Increasing Market Pressure / Chapter 6.4.3 --- Content Changes: Increased Standardization / Chapter 6.4.4 --- Reporting Mode: Standardizing the News / Chapter Chapter 7 --- Conclusion / Chapter 7.1 --- Summary / Chapter 7.2 --- Impact of Interplay of Politics and Economics on Journalism as an Issue-Variant Relationship / Chapter 7.3 --- Future Research / Tables / References

He Huijie. / Thesis submitted in: October 2004. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 157-160). / Abstracts in English and Chinese; questionnaire in Chinese. / Chapter Chapter One: --- Introduction --- p.1 / An Introduction to Phoenix Satellite Television --- p.3 / Television as a Medium --- p.9 / Research Questions --- p.13 / Chapter Chapter Two: --- Literature Review --- p.15 / Review for the Sociological Approach on Media Studies --- p.15 / Review of the Perspective of Political Economy of Communication --- p.21 / Review for Related Chinese Communication Studies --- p.26 / Chapter Chapter Three: --- Methodology --- p.31 / Quantitative Research----Content Analysis --- p.31 / Chapter 1. --- The Selection of Sample --- p.31 / Chapter 2. --- Research Method-´ؤ-Content Analysis --- p.36 / Chapter 3. --- Inter-coder Reliability --- p.39 / Qualitative Research-Textual Comparison --- p.39 / Chapter 1. --- The Selection of Sample --- p.39 / Chapter (1) --- "SARS Reports,2003" --- p.40 / Chapter (2) --- "July 1st Demonstration in Hong Kong,2003" --- p.41 / Chapter 2. --- Research Method´ؤTextual Comparison --- p.42 / Qualitative Research´ؤ´ؤIn-depth Interview --- p.43 / Chapter 1. --- The Selection of Sample --- p.43 / Chapter 2. --- Research Method----In-depth Interview --- p.44 / Qualitative Research´ؤParticipant Observation --- p.45 / Chapter Chapter Four: --- Content Analysis --- p.47 / Frequency Analysis --- p.47 / Chapter 1. --- Analysis --- p.48 / Inter-coder Reliability --- p.50 / Chapter 2. --- Summary --- p.52 / Cross-Tabulation Analysis --- p.53 / Chapter 1. --- Analysis Between the Internal Division and the Geographical Division --- p.54 / Chapter 2. --- "Analysis Between the Geographical Division and the ""Political Perspective""" --- p.56 / Comments --- p.59 / News Favoring the Government Happening in Mainland China --- p.61 / News Favoring the Government Happening in Hong Kong --- p.64 / Chapter 3. --- "Analysis Between News Nature and the ""Political Perspective""" --- p.73 / Summary and Questions --- p.75 / Chapter Chapter Five: --- Organizational Analysis --- p.78 / Chapter Part I: --- Textual Analysis and Comparison --- p.78 / SARS Reports --- p.79 / "Textual Comparison among TVB, Phoenix and CCTV" --- p.89 / July 1 st Demonstration in Hong Kong --- p.92 / "Textual Comparison among TVB, Phoenix and CCTV" --- p.102 / Chapter Part II: --- Interviews Analysis --- p.105 / International News & Political News --- p.105 / The Pro-China Political Bias------Hong Kong Problem --- p.110 / The Technique of Dealing with Sensitive News Issue --- p.113 / Pressure & Self-Censorship --- p.118 / Chapter Chapter Six: --- Conclusion and Discussion --- p.122 / Conclusion --- p.122 / Discussion --- p.126 / Appendix-1 Coding Record of The Asian Journal --- p.129 / Appendix-2 Inter-coder Reliability --- p.152 / Appendix-3 Interview Questionnaire --- p.156 / References --- p.157

Orientador: Carlos Alberto Sampaio Barbosa / Banca: Áureo Busetto / Banca: José Luiz Bendicho Beired / Banca: Katia Gerab Baggio / Banca: Marcos Tadeu Del Roio / Resumo: A presente tese de doutorado teve como objetivo central apresentar uma análise comparativa e temática dos números dos periódicos El Machete e A Classe Operária publicados entre as décadas de 1920 e 1930 pelo Partido Comunista Mexicano, PCM, e do Partido Comunista Brasileiro, PCB, respectivamente. Através do estudo dos conflitos, dos projetos políticos e ideológicos, da propaganda gráfica e textual, da leitura social e do discurso jornalístico e militante dessas duas publicações comunistas, foi possível investigar como esses impressos, representativos dos Partidos Comunistas do México e do Brasil, construíram suas identidades políticas e sociais em suas páginas. Para atingirmos tal objetivo, esse trabalho foi realizado a partir da História Comparada e da metodologia de pesquisa de periódicos, os quais são, neste estudo, tratados como fonte e objeto de pesquisa. No presente estudo, investigamos, primeiramente, a constituição e definimos as características da Operação Tipográfica Comunista, realizada pelos editores militantes de ambas as publicações partidárias, e, a seguir, analisamos como tal materialidade dos jornais aproximou atores políticos que ambicionaram eclodir uma Revolução Comunista em terras mexicanas e brasileiras / Abstract: This doctoral dissertation has as its main purpose the presentation of a comparative and thematic analysis of the issues of the periodicals El Machete and A Classe Operária published in the decades of 1920 and 1930, by the Mexican Communist Party and the Brazilian Communist Party, respectively. Through the study of conflicts, political and ideological projects, graphic and verbal propaganda, social interpretation, as well as the journalistic and militant discourse of the two periodicals, it was possible to investigate how these printed materials, representatives of the Communist Parties of Mexico and Brazil, have built their political and social identities. In order to achieve such goal, this study was conducted using both the Comparative History and the research methodology for periodicals, treated here both as a source and object. In this research, firstly it was investigated the formation and defined the characterists of a Communist Printing Operation performed by militant editors of both party publications, and thereafter how the materiality of such periodicals brought together the political actors who aimed to start a Communist Revolution in Mexican and Brazilian lands / Doutor

This thesis examined all references to George Bush in Time, U.S. News and World Report and Newsweek in the time periods before and after the 1988 Republican National Convention in order to determine if there was a difference in how these newsmagazines portrayed Bush in these time periods. The hypothesis of this study: George Bush was portrayed more positively in the total coverage of these newsmagazines after the convention than he was portrayed prior to the convention.In order to determine this, a coder chose news stories from before and after the convention from the newsmagazines if they dealt primarily with the man George Bush or the campaign in general.All references to Bush were highlighted in the articles along with all statements made by Bush. Then, sources of these sentences with these references were determined and placed into one of three categories: newsmagazine, Bush or "Other." Coders were asked to evaluate the references to Bush as to whether the references placed Bush in a positive light, negative light or did not reflect him positively or negatively, neutral.The findings of this study show there was no apparent difference in the coverage of Bush between the time periods. The hypothesis was not supported. Additionally, the overall coverage of Bush was neutral and the newsmagazines were the source of the largest amount of references. / Department of Journalism

This study investigates the complex role editorials – a newspaper's institutional voice – play in highly-polarised political contexts. Employing Van Dijk's insight that editorials "are usually not only, and even not primarily, directed at the common reader: rather they tend to directly or indirectly address influential news actors" (1992: 244), the study focuses on how the editorials of two Zimbabwean daily newspapers – The Herald, a perceived pro-government newspaper, and NewsDay, a perceived pro-opposition newspaper – speak to those in power. The study looks at these two newspapers' editorials from 1 June to 31 December 2013, which covers the period prior to, during and after the 2013 national elections. The 31 July, 2013 elections took place after four years of an uneasy government of national unity (GNU), which comprised ZANU-PF and the two MDC formations (Raftopoulos, 2013:978). Given the polarisation that is pervasive in the Zimbabwean politics and media, the study draws on Hallin and Mancini (2004)'s "Polarised Pluralist Model". In this model the media are used as instruments of struggle in conflicts, sometimes by dictatorships and by movements struggling against them, but also by contending parties in periods of democratic politics (Hallin and Mancini, 2004:61). Further, the methodological approach that informs this study is primarily qualitative. A qualitative content analysis of 30 editorials seeks to identify themes covered in the editorials. The study also employs a rhetorical analysis of 12 editorials and in-depth interviews and these form the adopted three-stage research design. The findings of this research somewhat contradict the common view in Zimbabwe that the privately-owned media blindly support the opposition while the stateowned media do the same to ZANU-PF (Chari, 2009:10; Mabweazara, 2011:110). Although The Herald openly supported ZANU-PF prior to the election, it shifted after the election as it pushed the ruling party to fulfill pledges made on the campaign trail. Some ZANU-PF officials were also censured by The Herald, although this selective criticism can be linked to factionalism in the party. NewsDay editorials reminded the newly formed government to mend the economy and provide basic services. While, the daily constantly censured Mugabe and ZANU-PF prior to the election, it also occasionally berated the MDC, which can be attributed to its participation in the GNU as that took away the privilege it previously had of not being hold accountable by the press.

This study seeks to examine how Ugandan journalists’ and politicians’ views on journalism professionalisation in Uganda relate to the broad theoretical arguments about professionalism within sociology and media studies. It also seeks to examine how such views impact on the democratic role of the media. The study finds out that there are two sets of distinct ideas on journalism professionalisation. The idea espoused by politicians is statutory professionalisation in which the state plays a major role through regulation and control, hence professionalisation is seen primarily as a control system. On the other hand, journalists perceive professionalisation as nurtured by voluntarily and socially inculcated professional values, hence as a value system. The study however, finds that both sets of understandings have their own complexities. While the statutory approach has complexities like how core elements of professionalism such as professional values can be imposed through legislation, the voluntary approach to professionalism also exhibits tensions within, especially stemming from the relationship between the professional and the news organisation regarding what constitutes professionalism. The study concludes that both sets of ideas have implications for the democratic role of the media, with both perceptions of professionalism curtailing this role. Statutory professionalisation in the Ugandan political context where the state is the dominant institution brings media institutions within its control, which leads to suppression of content of democratic value through a number of means. On the other hand, the self-regulatory perception does not protect media professionalism from the assault of commercial imperatives, especially when fused with state patronage in regard to broadcasting licences and placement of advertising.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-01T17:55:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-07-21. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-04-01T18:00:45Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000855393_20170721.pdf: 17766006 bytes, checksum: a2cf3684c9153167eddd74b7e7d35a9d (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2017-07-24T11:34:15Z: 000855393_20170721.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2017-07-24T11:35:22Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000855393.pdf: 155207185 bytes, checksum: ba912d5a0cb09353d1980a6d127e903b (MD5) / A presente tese de doutorado teve como objetivo central apresentar uma análise comparativa e temática dos números dos periódicos El Machete e A Classe Operária publicados entre as décadas de 1920 e 1930 pelo Partido Comunista Mexicano, PCM, e do Partido Comunista Brasileiro, PCB, respectivamente. Através do estudo dos conflitos, dos projetos políticos e ideológicos, da propaganda gráfica e textual, da leitura social e do discurso jornalístico e militante dessas duas publicações comunistas, foi possível investigar como esses impressos, representativos dos Partidos Comunistas do México e do Brasil, construíram suas identidades políticas e sociais em suas páginas. Para atingirmos tal objetivo, esse trabalho foi realizado a partir da História Comparada e da metodologia de pesquisa de periódicos, os quais são, neste estudo, tratados como fonte e objeto de pesquisa. No presente estudo, investigamos, primeiramente, a constituição e definimos as características da Operação Tipográfica Comunista, realizada pelos editores militantes de ambas as publicações partidárias, e, a seguir, analisamos como tal materialidade dos jornais aproximou atores políticos que ambicionaram eclodir uma Revolução Comunista em terras mexicanas e brasileiras / This doctoral dissertation has as its main purpose the presentation of a comparative and thematic analysis of the issues of the periodicals El Machete and A Classe Operária published in the decades of 1920 and 1930, by the Mexican Communist Party and the Brazilian Communist Party, respectively. Through the study of conflicts, political and ideological projects, graphic and verbal propaganda, social interpretation, as well as the journalistic and militant discourse of the two periodicals, it was possible to investigate how these printed materials, representatives of the Communist Parties of Mexico and Brazil, have built their political and social identities. In order to achieve such goal, this study was conducted using both the Comparative History and the research methodology for periodicals, treated here both as a source and object. In this research, firstly it was investigated the formation and defined the characterists of a Communist Printing Operation performed by militant editors of both party publications, and thereafter how the materiality of such periodicals brought together the political actors who aimed to start a Communist Revolution in Mexican and Brazilian lands

Doctorat en philosophie et lettres / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

This dissertation seeks to investigate the role of the tabloid newspaper, Daily Sun, in contemporary South Africa by exploring the meanings that readers of the newspaper appropriate through their engagement with it and the uses to which they put these meanings. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2008.

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The furor around racism in the media was brought to the surface in 1999 when the Black Lawyers Association and the Association of Black Accountants of South Africa appealed to the South African Human Rights Commission to investigate the South African media. This request was based on the presumption that the South African media was rife with racism and urgently required attention. The subsequent enquiry was the source of much controversy and accusation. Almost three years since the enquiries inception, the issue of racism in the South African media has not disappeared despite decreasing media coverage in recent months. When the South African Human Rights Commission launched the enquiry into racism, prominent media leaders including key editors and newspaper representatives were summoned to appear before the controversial Commission. Some media leaders felt the Commission was a direct attack on the freedom of the Press. Others felt the enquiry was long overdue or slammed it as an all-time flop. Furthermore, pure and simple criticism of the government is still perceived as racism when it is the Press fulfilling its role as the 'watchdog of democracy' . Various Press theories, for example Developmental or Libertarian, impact on the perceived role of the Press in a democratic nation. The standard of journalism in a country can also impact on the way in which the press is perceived. For example, there are times when inept reporting is misunderstood as racist reporting. This assignment is a broad overview of the enquiry into racism in the media and the concerns around this issue as well as the response to it. It takes a closer look at the role of the media and the relationship between the media and the state. In particular, it focuses on how criticism of the government can be misread as racism, as well as investigating how the standard of journalism impacts on the way in which the media serve the public. The South African National Editors Forum launched a skills audit in 2002 and the results were surprisingly negative. The general standard of journalism in South Africa was assessed as "low". This assignment looks at the findings of the audit in the light of the above questions surrounding the standard of journalism as it pertains to reporting on race and accuracy, understanding and objectivity. The last section of the assignment takes a brief look at several examples of how to report on race in South Africa and what to be aware of when considering sensitivity to race issues. The questions as to whether it is racism, healthy criticism misconstrued as racism, or simply inept reporting, are explored. Although an expansive topic by nature, this paper provides an overview of the key issues pertaining to media ethics as it pertains to racism in the South African media. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die skandaaloor rasisme in die media was te vore gebring in 1999 toe die Black Lawyers' Association en die Association of Black Accountants die Suid Afrikaanse Menslike Regtes Kommissie gevra het om die Suid Afrikaanse media te ondersoek. Die versoek was gebaseer op die gedagte dat die Suid Afrikaanse media rasisties is en dringend aandag nodig het. Die ondersoek was baie kontroverseel en het na baie beskuldiging gelei. Omtrent drie jaar nadat die ondersoek begin het, is die kwessie van rasisme in die Suid Afrikaanse media nog lewendig alhoewel daar minder daaroor geskryf is in die land se publikasies. Toe die Suid Afrikaanse Menslike Regtes Kommissie die ondersoek op rasisme begin het, is belangrike media leiers - redakteurs en koerant verteenwoordiges - voor die Kommissie geroep. Sommige van die media leiers het gevoel dat die kommissie 'n direkte aanval op Vryheid van die Pers was; ander het gevoel dat die Ondersoek belangrik was en nog ander dit as 'n mislukking bestempel het. Eenvoudige kritiek van die regering deur die Pers is ook as rasisme gesien alhoewel hulle die rol van 'bewaarder van demokrasie' vervul. Daar is verskeie Pers teories, byvoorbeeld "Developmental" of "Libertarian" wat die persepsie van die rol van die pers beindruk het. Die standaard van joernalistiek in 'n land bepaal deur hoe die Pers gesien is. Byvoorbeeld, somtyds is slegte verslaggewering as rasisties bestempel. Hierdie opdrag is 'n wye oorsig van die ondersoek op rasisme in die media, die bekommernis oor die kwessie en die reaksie daaroor. Dit kyk nader na die rol van die media en die verhouding tussen die media en die staat. Dit fokus op hoe kritiek van die regering as rasisme misgelees kan word en gee ondersoek aan hoe die standard van journalistiek na beskuldiging van rasisme kan lei. Die "South African National Editors' Forum" het 'n Vaardighede oudit in 2002 opgedoen en die uitslae was negatief. Die standaard van joernalisme in Suid Afrika was as "laag" assesseer. Hierdie opdrag kyk na die oudit se vindings in die lig van die bogenoemde vrae oor die standard van joernalistiek: verslaggewing oor rase en akuraatheid, en objectiviteit. Die laaste deel van die opdrag kyk na verskeie voorbeelde van hoe om oor rase verslag te gee en waaroor te dink as jy sensitief teenoor rase kwessies wil wees. Die volgende vrae is na gekyk: Is dit rasisme; gesonde kritiek wat as rasisme bestempel word, of eenvoudig, slegte verslaggewing? Hierdie opdrag gee 'n wye oorsig oor die belangrike kwessies van media etiek in verhouding met rasisme in die Suid Afrikaanse media.