<p>Up until the 19th century, religion was used as a way of legitimizing slavery in America. With the rise of the civil rights movement religion seems to have played a quite different role. This essay aims to explore the role of religion in the ideologies of Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X. The speeches, writings and actions of these two men have been analysed in hope that the result will contribute to the larger study of American civil rights history.</p><p>This essay proposes that both Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X infused their political message with religious ideas and that they leaned on religion for support and inspiration. By analysing the discourse headed by King and X it becomes clear that in direct contrast to how religion was used during slavery, religion was used as a way of legitimizing equality (and in some cases black superiority) between races during the civil rights movement.</p>

Sedimentary dikes at the Pipe Creek Junior Quarry were found to fill fractures formed by compaction and rotation of the reef flank beds and by regional stresses of less certain origin. A sequence of fracturing events has been established as well as a sequence for the emplacement of dike materials. Most of the carbonate dikes are found to be of Cayugan (Silurian) age, although some of the las carbonates are shown to be of Devonian age due to the presence of rounded detrital quartz grains within them. All of the quartz arenite dikes are found to be of Devonian age and are divided into two major groups: older white arenites and younger brown arenites. The two types of arenties have different characteristics and were deposited under different conditions.The arenites of Pipe Creek Junior Quarry were found to be similar to the arenites of the Bluffton Quarry which are also fracture fillings in Silurian reef rock. Other Devonian sand bodies are compared to the fracture filling and, although they are not identical, they show a similarity in materials and a pattern of environment and deposition that point to a northwestern source for all of the rounded quartz studied in this work. Environmental analysis of the quartz grains indicates a litoral mode of transport and sorting for most of the samples with an ecolian mode present in the sands outside the reef area and as a minor component for some of the younger sands within the reef area.A map of the glaciated quarry surface has been prepared for the purposes of this work and to preserve relationships that are constantly being removed by quarrying of the reef flank beds.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising approach used in the treatment of cancer, age related macular degeneration, psoriasis, and other diseases. Our research is focused on the discovery of new photonucleases for use in PDT. This study evaluates the photo-induced DNA cleaving abilities of a series of acridine and phenazine-based chromophores. The extended, aromatic ring systems of these compounds are expected to intercalate between adjoining base pairs in the DNA double-helix. Once irradiated, strand breakage, or nicking of plasmid DNA is achieved at micromolar concentrations of compound (pH 7.0 and 22 °C). Our scavenger experiments show that this process occurs as a result of direct electron transfer to oxygen and/or by means of energy transfer which results in the production of singlet oxygen. Three of the photonucleases being examined were designed to chelate metal. These exhibited increased levels of DNA photocleavage in the presence of copper(II).

Olaudah Equiano or Gustavas Vassa may have had abolitionist motivations when writing The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano or Gustavas Vassa, the African, Written by Himself, but the function of the text is much different and self-serving. Specifically, in looking closely at the wording of the text, with its language of we versus they, in group versus out group, ours versus theirs, Equiano clearly feels he at no time belongs fully to any specific group or place; rather, he only partially belongs anywhere, and thus, creates this work of autobiography and appropriation of fiction and oral tradition to negotiate and cultivate his own liminal, or even heterotopic, space. In other words, I suggest he may have used the writing of this text to define his sense of self, creating a space in which he was both in control and fully belonged.

The movement of history will not be isolated from any outside and has the absolute impact on the rest of the world. Before "Formosa" (Illa Formosa) was found, Taiwan is not excluded from the historical evolution, and of developing their unique characteristics. The Portuguese discovery of Taiwan and countries around the world is the key to the connections of historical development and allowing Taiwan into the era of sailing. Taiwan's prehistoric times to illustrate the unique historical and cultural evolution; Han Chinese enter Taiwan for the sake of survival, and further change in Taiwan's existing constitution. Besides changing from hunting to farming technology has greatly improved the lives of local residents, a large number of Han Chinese Immigration has also developing the continental culture; trade demand from the Netherlands, Taiwan is seen at the world stage, also the first time for Taiwan to accept the baptism of different cultures; Prior to this, Japan desires Taiwan for a long time, but their moves and policies end up giving up invasive intentions. While Spain for the sake of trade and dissemination of cultural purposes to compete with the Netherlands, Taiwan has already evolved into East Asia as the most important geopolitical position. The Zengs¡¦ developments in Taiwan, showing they play essential role in the history of Taiwan. As establishment of the first regime, it is absolutely a glorious event. Moreover, its implementation in the military, economics, political, internal affairs and diplomacy, until the present Taiwan still had far-reaching impact. The cultural monument and place names can be powerful proof. Zeng and Qing¡¦s proposals can reflect the status quo in Taiwan and the failure of Zeng¡¦s regime can be a good lesson for leaders in Taiwan. If Taiwan can not get lessons from history, the tragedy will be inevitable. The ultimate solutions can be extracted from the lesson. Facing the rising power of China, the Republic of China undergo severe political environment, which is comparable to Zeng¡¦s condition. The focus of this study hope to provide different points of view to review the past and develop a future module.

Up until the 19th century, religion was used as a way of legitimizing slavery in America. With the rise of the civil rights movement religion seems to have played a quite different role. This essay aims to explore the role of religion in the ideologies of Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X. The speeches, writings and actions of these two men have been analysed in hope that the result will contribute to the larger study of American civil rights history. This essay proposes that both Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X infused their political message with religious ideas and that they leaned on religion for support and inspiration. By analysing the discourse headed by King and X it becomes clear that in direct contrast to how religion was used during slavery, religion was used as a way of legitimizing equality (and in some cases black superiority) between races during the civil rights movement.

No abstract available. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of Durban-Westville, 1991.

Bible institutes and colleges were originally established to train men and women for vocational Christian ministry, and many contemporary Bible colleges continue with that focus. In addition to practical ministry training, they seek to help students grow just as Jesus did: intellectually, physical, spiritually, and socially (Luke 2:52). But how effective are they at doing so? This qualitative interview study analyzed the epistemological development of Bible college students. I used the Perry Scheme as a model and research by John David Trentham as a theoretical lens to examine the relationship between pre-ministry undergraduates' attendance at selected Bible colleges and progression through the positions of intellectual maturity according to the Perry Scheme. Although the Perry Scheme is widely influential in higher educational philosophy and pedagogy, its pragmatic and relativistic assumptions present problems in the Bible college setting. The findings of this study are intended to move towards an alternative to wholehearted incorporation or unqualified rejection of the Perry Scheme by building upon the essential discoveries of the Perry Scheme within a Christian framework to construct a biblically-based, theologically-grounded, wisdom-centered evaluative model of epistemological college student development.

Thesis (M.S.)--Rochester Institute of Technology, 1992. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis--Auburn University, 2009. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 129-131).