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Cette recherche commence par examiner le contexte sociopolitique de la période postindépendance en Équateur. Elle évalue également la position singulière de Juan León Mera sur la scène politique ainsi que littéraire face aux questions de la construction de l'identité nationale et de l'incorporation de l'Indien. Ensuite, une analyse du roman Cumandá est entreprise afin de permettre une meilleure appréciation de sa valeur à la fois politique et poétique. Finalement, ce travail est suivi d'une traduction française des deux premiers chapitres de Cumandá ainsi que d'un commentaire sur les choix et difficultés de traduction. Ce projet a pour objet de redonner vie au premier roman nationaliste de l'Équateur à travers sa traduction et de montrer sa pertinence actuelle. This work begins by overlooking Ecuador's socio-political context during its period of post-independence. It also examines Juan León Mera's instrumental role as a politician as well as a writer in developing Ecuador's national identity and inclusion of its native population. Furthermore, a study of Mera's novel Cumandá is undertaken in order to illustrate the novel's political and poetic values. Lastly, this work is followed by a translation of the novel's first two chapters and a commentary discussing the difficulties encountered in rendering a French translation of this text and the choices made by the translator. The objective of this work is to revive Ecuador's first nationalistic novel through its translation and to demonstrate its relevance in today's society. / Translation Studies

In my dissertation I adopt an interdisciplinary approach to explore a crucial moment in the intellectual history of Ecuador and Brazil and the way in which late 19th and early 20th century writers articulate a representational discourse that reveals the contradictions of liberalism and modernity. I argue that after entering the modern world-system, Ecuador and Brazil undergo a comparable modernization process, which entails the emergence of the cities of Guayaquil and Rio de Janeiro as new centers of political and economic power. The study of the coincidences and discrepancies between the two national processes sheds light on antagonistic cultural systems coexisting within the realms of the new metropolis. My dissertation consists of an introduction and five chapters. In the introduction, I present the theoretical framework and explain the key concepts that are common currency in contemporary attempts to articulate cultural analysis with its social and historical reality. Chapters 1 and 2 look at the origins of Ecuadorian and Brazilian identities in the works of writers José de Alencar and Juan León Mera. I intend to trace budding national identities in each of their essays about language, race, and politics, as well as in their foundational fictions, Iracema: Lenda do Ceará (1865) and Cumandá: un drama entre salvajes (1879). Chapters 3 and 4 problematize the ways in which the novels O cortiço (1890), by Brazilian Aluízo Azevedo, and A la costa (1905), by Ecuadorian Luis A. Martínez, are linked to the intricate local debates about slavery, internal migration, and the participation of both national economies in the modern world system. I contend that the narratives of Azevedo and Martínez become “hinge-novels” for glimpsing the “national” within the “liminal,” even though they fail to foresee the disencounters between the dominant and the subaltern classes. In Chapter 5, I explore the locus of enunciation from which Ecuadorian Jorge Icaza attempts to represent marginal social groups. I argue that Icaza’s Huasipungo (1934) reveals the ineffectiveness of the liberal project and helps establish the agency of marginalized groups in the Andean hacienda. The incorporation of these marginal discourses into his narratives constitutes the first endeavor to provide subaltern groups with a voice. / text

(in English): The Master thesis depicts a concept of interpersonal relationships in a novel Cecilia Valdés by the Cuban writer Cirilo Villaverde. It describes author's life and circumstances which accompanied the origin of the novel. The thesis introduces a plot of the novel, analyses the main characters and their role in the novel. It deals with a theme of the novel as a genre in general and informs about Indian and Costumbrism novel as well. It follows historic events in Cuba at the time when the novel was issued. Knowledge of the historic events is necessary for comprehension of the novel in its broader sense. The thesis examines Cecilia Valdés from the point of a concept of interpersonal relationships, deals with relationships among black people, mulattoes and white people. It analyses a relationship between the main characters which is greatly influenced by different racial origin. The topic of slavery is introduced in connection with a plot of the novel. The Master thesis compares a novel Cecila Valdés with other significant Hispano- American novels which carry similar aspects, namely with Cumandá o un drama entre salvajes by Juan León Mera and Aves sin nido by Clorinda Matto de Turner. The thesis mainly focuses on interpersonal and partner relationships in these novels which are influenced...