Under the premise of organization development, the conceiving organization should be adjusted along with space-time transition. It should also be established in coordination with administrative regionalism, reviewed with the difficulties and challenges of small institution development, and observed with structural weakness and population structure distribution that are so closely linked up. These aim for renewing and finding an answer for the organization, and looking for a method for the merging of Kaohsiung county/city government. The organization reengineering project is targeted toward economizing cost budget and downsizing manpower. The main meanings are to enhance administrative potency and administrative efficiency thereby settling the government toward ¡§Catch-22 Situation¡¨ effectively. With helps from administrative innovation, the government should consider molding up an enterprise-type government as the conceptive management goal. It should advocate a perfect organization institution, and that the institution designs should have a fair and reasonable manpower and the deployment of financial, physical and other resources. These will only be good enough to construct a well-suited and applicably organization institute, and only then to achieve unity strength, executive strength, competitive power and development strength. Under a large-scale organization institution¡¦s framework, the government should reduce the establishment of branch-off institutions and promote the organization functionality under a perfect command structure. In proposition for the merging of Kaohsiung county/city government, the Kaohsiung regional Household Registration Offices and Health Centers should merge in advance and move toward regionalization; and the village/town/municipal government offices should coordinate regionalism and move toward municipally district officilization. Meanwhile, the village/town/municipal majors should be changed into bureaucratic members, and the organization functionality of village/town/municipal representative councils should be abolished in order to reengineer the organization¡¦s pondering direction. After Kaohsiung county/city have been merged, the government should quote the SWOT principle to analyze problems -- using five viewpoints from organization machine and three management strategies, and taking aids from the new management awareness pattern to remold an idealistic organization pattern and a modernized organization team. From individual¡¦s understandings of this research, I have discovered the truth problems and so would like to make a statement on real organization pattern. My only wish is that the organization would prosper, and that it would draw attention and be focused upon by social strength. Here I provide my findings for leaders and strategy makers to use them as a public policy reference.

According to the ¡§Teacher Law¡¨ announced by the president on August 9, 1995, the teachers in Taiwan can establish the organizations of the teachers. It is a common, caring issue for educational administration, teacher groups and social elites to regulate a proper ¡§Teacher Law¡¨ and force the Legislative Yuan to enhance it to the actual law level. When establishing the new law, we should identify the teacher groups with the complete three rights: unite, negotiation, and strike to protect the basic rights of the teachers. It has been ten years since the Kaohsiung County Teacher¡¦s Association( KCTA). Its organization, procedure, and supervision are superficially going well and smoothly. There is still a lot of space for the staff of the KCTA to make ¡§the law of the KCTA¡¨ become better by investigating it through the five structures of the administrative law in detail. This thesis adopts ¡§Qualitative research method¡¨ and make use of three study methods: literature review, interview and observation to gather, generalize, and analyze all the data to proceed writing. This thesis ¡§The law of the Kaohsiung County Teacher¡¦s Association¡¨ apply the administrative law and take the five basic theories: administrative principle, administrative organization, administrative limit, administrative assist and administrative supervision as its outline. There are seven chapters and the summary of each chapter is as follows: Chapter 1 Introduction¡XIt contains the motive, objective of the research, research scope and limits, research frame and methods, relevant phrases explanation, and literature review. Chapter 2 Basic Principles of The Law of Kaohsiung County Teacher¡¦s Association¡XIt simply discusses the background, internationalism, spirit of law and order, and participation of person concerned. Chapter 3 Administrative Organizations of The Law of Kaohsiung County Teacher¡¦s Association¡XIt explains basic concepts of administrative organizations, administrative frame of the law of Kaohsiung County Teacher¡¦s Association, personal system, funds and relative questions. Chapter 4 Administrative Limits of The Law of Kaohsiung County Teacher¡¦s Assocoation¡XIt introduces administrative investigation, administrative plan, administrative legislation, administrative disciplinary action, administrative contract, administrative guidance, assured means of obligation performance and instance enforcement. Chapter 5 Relief and Aftercare of The Law of Kaohsiung County Teacher¡¦s Association¡XIt describes the meaning, types of administrative relief of the Law of Kaohsiung County Teacher¡¦s Association, petition, appeal, administrative lawsuit, national compensation, constitution interpretation, and plebiscite. Chapter 6 Supervision and Evaluation of The Law of Kaohsiung County Teacher¡¦s Association¡XIt introduces the outline of the administrative supervision, internal and external supervision mechanism of the law of Kaohsiung County Teacher¡¦s Association. Chapter 7 Conclusion and Suggestion¡X It combines the statement of the five frames of the administrative law to offer actual methods and suggestions for the development of the Kaohsiung County Teacher¡¦s Association.

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Before political party politics was not formed in Taiwan, local factions completely took control of political resources and the directions of political situations. So political factions usually dominated political parties and were the mainstay power that dominated Taiwan politics. In Kaohsiung County, local factions are severely competitive, have their own political territories, and have grabbed political resources. So local political factions are the predominant influencing force in elections for political positions. This study used document method and field research method to explore the origins, development and operating models of local factions and how the local factions of political parties have strengthened or weakened in the wake of the rising to power of Democratic Progressive Party. The study has found out that the Black Faction has remained the largest one despite the shift of national ruling power, followed by the White Faction, the Red Faction, the Yellow Faction, and the Green Faction in order of strength. The votes that the Black, the White, the Red, the Yellow, and the Green faction can control are as follows: about 200,000 to 250,000, about 150,000 to 200,000, about 70,000 to 100,000, about 30,000 to 50,000, and about 30,000 to 40,000 respectively. On May 14, 2005, Taiwan people elected their mission-specified National Assembly representatives, and the turnouts of election verified the conclusions of this research. The Black Faction remained the largest on, grabbing 57.46% of the vote, leading the Red, the White Faction by a margin of 18.65%; the Red and the White Factions scored 38.81%. On June 7, 2005, the mission-specified National Assembly representatives ratified the Constitution Revision act passed in the Legislature. According to the Constitution Revision act, the number of legislators will be reduced by 50% from the 7th Legislature Assembly and their term will be extended to four years. At the same time, a system of one constituency, two votes will be instituted. This constitutional reform will definitely redefine the territories of local political factions. How Taiwan political situations will develop, the directions of political parties, and how local political factions will grow or recede deserve further observation. Key words¡GKaohsiung County¡Bpolitical party politics¡Blocal factions¡Bpolitical factions.

Thesis Abstract In recent years, each county and municipal government and parliament is leading separately by different political parties, form the so-called ¡§ the divided government¡¨ and it has already become normal gradually.This divided pattern is extended from local to the central government after 2000 General Presidential Election.So, as for central or local level, the government pattern built by administrative and legislative department, which no matter is handling by different or the same political party, the implied executive-legislature relations, leadership efficiency and administrative result then become topic and focus that scholars pays close attention to. This text drafts to such divided government¡¦s system in Kaohsiung county, under the situation of most seats controlling long-term by KMT, discussing about the executive-legislature relation in the name of YU Zheng Xian, Yang Qiu Xing, representing of DPP, who take over the county business of Kaohsiung county for 16 years (1993-2009).It is aim to find out, under the few seats of ruling party, the influence between three factors of the political relationship, interests inducement and human feeling, made by the leading strategy which administrative chief uses.Also to inspect if the structure of great power of opposite party, and the reciprocation of leading behaviors of leaders, will influence directly or indirectly the executive-legislature relations, such as like the bad inquiring atmosphere, the deducting budget widely, forcing to lay aside or reject the important bill etc. ¡@¡@In other words, under the inferior position of a few seats kept by a ruling party, the administrative chief¡¦s leading behavior and style seems extremely important.As for YU Zheng Xian, he knows ¡§political art¡¨ and local political ecology very well.He uses many kinds of strategy to achieve political support and cooperation by striving for Congressmen of different parties and he leans to the transactional leadership.However, Yang Qiu Xing is great different from Yu Zheng Xian's leadership style.After Yang Qiu Xing is on board, he is focusing in developing the vision of organizations.He does not like Yu Zheng Xian, using some strategies to trade off benefit with Congressman of different political group.Yang Qiu Xing usually judges people by facts, ot by identity, so he leans to transformational leadership.Hence, what¡¦s the influence both leadership and structure will make in the interaction of executive ¡Vlegislature of Kaohsiung county? This text tries to review, within the era of Yu Zheng Xian and Yang Qiu Xing, by literate description and statistic analysis in using the three important indicators : ¡§the executive-legislature supervising status of inquiring¡¨, ¡§deleting range of annual budge in Kaohsiung county¡¨ and ¡§adopt proportion of bill proposed by Kaohsiung county¡¨. ¡@ The result of study finds, Yu Zheng Xian would like to bend his knees and compromise with the Congressmen, therefore he won¡¦t meet too much obstructions in inquiring atmosphere, bill promotion and budget delet.This should result from his application of transaction leadership behavior.What is interesting is Yang Qiu Xing has different leading style from Yu Zheng Xian's, so have minor difference with the theory in such aspects as budget checking and the bill promotion.Therefore it shows Yang Qiu Xing's leader has not performed its function well, which should be referred to influence by structure of political party.And more, his attitude is relatively tough and has his own personal judgments, he will suffer more obstructions in various than Yu Zheng Xian in the case of lacking benefit interchange with Congressmen. In sum, if the leaders make good use of the leading behavior, regardless of its structure, can cause good executive-legislature interaction, and in promoting bill of different fields will be even relatively smooth.Therefore, the result of study find out that leading behavior do influence the operation of executive-legislature relations.

The coastal zone including coastal waters and littoral zone are influenced by the interactions between sea and land, and the resources of coastal areas have significant functions and values whatever the regards of nature ecology, industry development, transportation, tourism, national defense, and academic research. Following the population growth, economic advancement, and the change of industry, the land use of coastal zone is more diverse and complex. The incompatible between development and marine environment was happened sometimes. In order to solve the conflicts of coastal resources multiple use and mitigate the negative effects by human activities, integrated coastal zone management was become the most important way for sustainable using the sea. ¡§Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM)¡¨ is a resource management system applying the process of integration, connection, and interaction, to analyze the complicated management problem at coastal areas. It is also a framework of principles and methodology for identification of important environmental priorities and allocation of scarce resources. It is an integrated management planning process emphasizing the comprehensive aspect to achieve the sustainable development of the coastal zone. Because the laws and regulations about land planning and coastal zone management is under legislation and the ¡§Coastal Zone Management Plan¡¨ of Kaohsiung County is not accomplished, the research attempts to understand the future development concept and direction about coastal areas in Kaohsiung County according to ¡§Kaohsiung County Comprehensive Development Plan¡¨. The research formulates some phenomena at present involving artificial construction causing coastal erosion, making land destroying the ecology, development project standing, development location overlapping, project contents competing each other, objective scale too large, disregard environmental sensitive areas, using a lot of hard structures, etc. Furthermore, we survey the planning and management of coastal zone through the aspects of integration among sectors, between the land and the water sides of the coastal zone, among levels of government, and among disciplines. Synthesizing the discussions of research, we can find the major problem of coastal zone management at Kaohsiung County is not lacking of planning project, instead of having too many but the implement result is not satisfactory. It is perceived that investigating and evaluating of the resource supply and the user demand at advance planning process was insufficient. Besides, it didn¡¦t have a comprehensive development plan which thinks about coastal environment from the first to be a basis of integration and coordination the various land use. Expecting the future coastal zone development and management, the responsible agency and project proponent can discard the departmental egoism, prior consider the integrated environment, proceed to communication, coordination, and integration continuously in search of a common consensus and vision. Only if that, the coastal zone development can be sustainable.

The study aims to understand the inclusive attitude by the senior-graders in elementary school toward the classmates of intellectual disability. The study explores that the difference of the inclusive attitudes by the senior-graders in elementary school toward the classmates of intellectual disability under different background variables (such as gender, grade, contact level, whether serving as an officer in the class or not, academic performance, the social and economic status of the family etc.), predicting ability of the inclusive attitude by the students in elementary school toward the classmates of intellectual disability under different background variables, and present viewpoints and make suggestions based on the research results to provide reference for inclusive education development of the elementary school in the future. The study adopts the questionnaire survey method in the research method, develops research framework by referring to internal and external relative literature, and develops ¡§the questionnaire survey of the peer inclusive attitude by the senior-graders in Chao Shiang Elementary School in Kaohsiung County¡¨, wherein by ¡§personal basic information¡¨, ¡§the learning acceptance attitude by the peers¡¨, ¡§the support acceptance attitude by the peers¡¨ and ¡§the friendship acceptance attitude by the peers¡¨ etc., the inclusive attitude scale by the students in Chao Shiang Elementary School toward the classmates of intellectual disability, the study understands the sample property and compares the difference of the inclusive attitudes by the students of different backgrounds toward the classmates of intellectual disability after basic information of the subjects is collected. The study makes a sampling survey after completion of the questionnaire and utilizes the unsimplified Chinese version of the statistic package software SPSS FOR WINDOW 10.0 and the statistic package software Excel 2003 to make a statistic analysis of sampling data to present research conclusions and make research suggestions after completion of survey. The study takes the senior-graders studying in Chao Chiang Elementary School in Kaohsiung County as research objects and adopts the disproportional stratified random sampling method to test a sampling. The study sends out 210 questionnaires to collect questionnaire information, recovers 207 questionnaires (the recovery rate is 98.57%), and 205 valid samples are finally acquired (the valid recovery rate is 97.62%) after invalid questionnaires are deleted. The study finds: The learning acceptance attitude by the senior-graders in Chao Chiang Elementary School in Kaohsiung County toward the classmates of intellectual disability tends to be aggressive and positive. The support acceptance attitude by the senior-graders in Chao Chiang Elementary School in Kaohsiung County toward the classmates of intellectual disability tends to be aggressive and positive. The friendship acceptance attitude by the senior-graders in Chao Chiang Elementary School in Kaohsiung County toward the classmates of intellectual disability tends to be aggressive and positive. The background variables of the senior-graders in Chao Chiang Elementary School in Kaohsiung County don¡¦t have significant difference, no matter in gender, grade, contact level, whether serving as an officer in the class or not, academic performance, the social and economic status of the family. The inclusive attitude scale in the learning acceptance attitude by the peers, the support acceptance attitude by the peers and the friendship acceptance attitude by the peers does not have predicting ability. Besides, the study also finds that the contact level between the subject students in Chao Chiang Elementary School and the classmates of intellectual disability is very high. Because Chao Chiang Elementary School has implemented inclusive education for a period of time, the subject students are somewhat familiar with the classmates of intellectual disability, which may be also one of the reasons which the acceptance attitude by the students generally tends to be aggressive and positive. Finally, the study makes suggestions to provide reference for the authority concerned, school, teachers, and future research based on the findings and generalized conclusions of the study.

原住民族長期生活於山村地區，有著特殊民族文化維繫個人或團體間長期的互動，惟日本時期沿襲迄今的保留地制度，無論是空間區位的選擇或增劃編地點的決定，原住民族毫無參與的餘地，導致無法妥善勘選區位適當的土地作為原住民保留地使用，進而使文化傳承、經濟生活所依賴的母土逐漸流失；近年來受國外原住民保留地經營管理成功案例的激勵及民族意識的興起下，原住民發起三次還我土地運動，而政府部門在增劃編的回應中，也認真的思索保留地興革的建議，遂在學者專家及原住民族菁英的討論過程，凝聚回復傳統產權共有舊制的共識。 　　憲法增修條文第十條第十二項對原住民族基本權的規範，含有「制度保障」之意涵，因此原住民族土地管理法規，是有提昇為法律位階之必要性，爰由內政部研定「原住民族土地開發管理條例」草案，刻正依法定程序送請立法院審議中。按該條例草案異於前之管理辦法者，在於增加了「原住民族保留區」的制度設計，新制在原住民族社會已有共識，惟尚缺乏個案研究的實證分析，因此難以辨別制度可能引發的後遺症，爰有本研究就桃源鄉進行個案分析驗證。 　　本研究以國外學者Elinor Ostrom在制度經濟學對共用資源共管機制的制度設計原則，來檢驗分析個案在保留區新制實施過程中，可能衍生的問題，以實地問卷訪談的方式進行調查；嗣經得知劃設原住民族保留區可以解決桃源鄉現存的保留地問題，而劃設地點以該鄉梅山村及寶山村最適宜，惟應建立一套劃設指標據以實施且應有相關配套措施，最後根據當地原住民的意見反應，證明集體決策理論觀點，適合運用在劃設原住民族保留區的決策過程。 　　此外，在後續研究的部分，本研究亦建議：桃源鄉小規模群體自主治理的資源利用方式，可否全面運用到保留區新制，有待與其他個案比較分析及探討，而欲達此政策目的，必須選定實驗區域，進行試驗及檢討，方得確保制度設計成為法律後，能夠彌補現行保留地措施肇致政府失靈與市場失靈的缺失。 / Taiwan indigenous people have lived in mountainous area for centuries. The interactions between their individuals and groups are regulated by specific cultures. However, the Reserved Land Institution began with Japan Colonist Era does not allow indigenous people to chose the place they live in by themselves. It made improper zoning. urthermore, it led to the land, which had supported their cultural and economic life lapsed gradually. In past twenty years, encouraged by the international indigenous movements and domestic ideology wakening, Taiwan indigenous people had held the Return My Land Demonstrations for three times. Government began to deliberate the reform of Indigenous Reserved Land Institution, and acquired conclusions after long-term discussion between government, scholars and indigenous elites. One of the conclusions is to revert to the traditional land tenure co-owning institution. 　　According to the Added Article of the Constitution (article 10, item 12) , this country has obligation to protect the basic rights of indigenous people with formal institutions. It means the Indigenous Reserved Land Developing and Managing Regulation needs to be promoted to a formal law. At this moment, The Legislative Yuan is deliberating the Indigenous Reserved Land Developing and Managing Law drafted by the Exclusive Yuan. A new designing named Reserved Area was made in it. This new designing was agreed by most of indigenous people. However, there is no empirical analysis to it and its side effect so far. Therefore, this research examined the Reserved Area Institution by case study in Taoyuan Township of Kaohsiung County. 　　The theoretical basis of this research is the institution designing principles of common pool resources self-governance, which addressed by Elinor Ostrom. Meanwhile, the investigation was processed by questionnaires. After the analysis, this research pointed that Indigenous Reserved Area Institution can solve the problems of Reserved land in Taoyuan Township now. The most proper locations of Indigenous Reserved Area are May-Shan and Pao-Shan villages. In farther step, it needs relative supporting measures and concrete area setting index. Beside, base on the responses of local residences, the research proved that Collective Action Theory is proper to be applied in the decision making process of setting the Indigenous Reserved Area. 　　In the end, the research suggested: the way people in Taoyuan Township governing their resource is not definitely proper to other indigenous groups. The precondition of implementing the new designing is to make more case tudies, compares and analysis. It is necessary to have small-scale experiments in advance. In the way, it can just correct the market failure and government failure caused by on going regulation when the new designing becomes a formal new law.