<p>The research for this thesis started off as a long academic essay that sought to review a 1970s biography of Kenneth Kaunda.1 In its original focus, the study aimed at evaluating the work on the narrations of Kenneth Kaunda&rsquo / s life from a theoretical and critical perspective. Specifically it sought to evaluate the biography for its theoretical and methodological approaches, its attention to issues of sources, archives, narrative and history. In addition, it aimed at locating the biography in relation to debates over biography and history in South Africa. As I began my research for the long essay, it soon became apparent that the biography of Kenneth Kaunda ended its narration in 1964 and yet it was published ten years later in 1974. By ending its &lsquo / coverage&rsquo / of the narrations of Kenneth Kaunda&rsquo / s life in 1964, it seemed obvious that its coverage was in many ways similar to his autobiography that was published in 1962.2 The ending of the biography&rsquo / s coverage in 1964 thus seemed rather abrupt as it precluded any representations of the subject in the post 1964 period in which he had become President of Zambia. Kenneth Kaunda was&nbsp / resident of Zambia for nearly three decades (1964-1991) having led the &lsquo / final&rsquo / phase of the nationalist struggle for Independence through the United National Independence Party (UNIP). Surely, I surmised, the meanings of Kenneth Kaunda&rsquo / s life as nationalist leader, as presented in most of his biography, would differ from those of him as&nbsp / President? Upon evaluating the biography, it seemed to be a largely chronological and descriptive rather analytical account of the subject&rsquo / s life. However, what made it profound to me was the ways in which it entwined the narratives of Kenneth Kaunda&rsquo / s life with the events, dates 1 The biography of Kenneth Kaunda by Fergus Macpherson was the subject of the long essay. See Fergus Macpherson, Kenneth Kaunda of Zambia: The Times and the Man (Lusaka: Oxford University Press, 1974). 2 Kenneth D. Kaunda, Zambia Shall Be Free: An Autobiography (London: Heinemann Educational Books&nbsp / td, 1962). and activities of the history of the Zambian nation. Some accounts inadvertently referred to this interconnection by referring to Kenneth Kaunda as the &lsquo / founder of Zambia&rsquo / . My&nbsp / &nbsp / exposure to various other debates around the production of history in the public domain such as through museums and national heritage sites or monuments prompted me to consider undertaking a study of the post-1964 historiography of Kenneth Kaunda. Rather than attempting to fill Kenneth Kaunda&rsquo / s post-1964 historiographical gap with a chronological account of his political life, I wanted to trace the narratives of Kenneth Kaunda&rsquo / s life in connection with the production of history in different domains in Zambia. This thesis thus aims at examining the political auto/biographical narrations of Kenneth Kaunda in relation to the production of nationalist history and national heritage in Zambia in the years following the country&rsquo / s Independence in 1964.4 One of the key questions that this study sought to engage with was: how did the &lsquo / representations&rsquo / of Kenneth Kaunda influence the ways in which Zambia&rsquo / s post-independence nationalist history and national heritage were produced? In seeking to provide an answer to the question, the study evaluated the auto/biography of Kenneth Kaunda itself, as well as how it reflects in the history texts utilised in Zambian schools and in history in the public domain through national heritage sites or monuments and museum exhibitions. The thesis will show that in Zambia, the auto/biography of Kenneth Kaunda has acquired significance through history as school lesson and as history in the public domain, through the production of national heritage sites and museum exhibitions.</p>

<p>The research for this thesis started off as a long academic essay that sought to review a 1970s biography of Kenneth Kaunda.1 In its original focus, the study aimed at evaluating the work on the narrations of Kenneth Kaunda&rsquo / s life from a theoretical and critical perspective. Specifically it sought to evaluate the biography for its theoretical and methodological approaches, its attention to issues of sources, archives, narrative and history. In addition, it aimed at locating the biography in relation to debates over biography and history in South Africa. As I began my research for the long essay, it soon became apparent that the biography of Kenneth Kaunda ended its narration in 1964 and yet it was published ten years later in 1974. By ending its &lsquo / coverage&rsquo / of the narrations of Kenneth Kaunda&rsquo / s life in 1964, it seemed obvious that its coverage was in many ways similar to his autobiography that was published in 1962.2 The ending of the biography&rsquo / s coverage in 1964 thus seemed rather abrupt as it precluded any representations of the subject in the post 1964 period in which he had become President of Zambia. Kenneth Kaunda was&nbsp / resident of Zambia for nearly three decades (1964-1991) having led the &lsquo / final&rsquo / phase of the nationalist struggle for Independence through the United National Independence Party (UNIP). Surely, I surmised, the meanings of Kenneth Kaunda&rsquo / s life as nationalist leader, as presented in most of his biography, would differ from those of him as&nbsp / President? Upon evaluating the biography, it seemed to be a largely chronological and descriptive rather analytical account of the subject&rsquo / s life. However, what made it profound to me was the ways in which it entwined the narratives of Kenneth Kaunda&rsquo / s life with the events, dates 1 The biography of Kenneth Kaunda by Fergus Macpherson was the subject of the long essay. See Fergus Macpherson, Kenneth Kaunda of Zambia: The Times and the Man (Lusaka: Oxford University Press, 1974). 2 Kenneth D. Kaunda, Zambia Shall Be Free: An Autobiography (London: Heinemann Educational Books&nbsp / td, 1962). and activities of the history of the Zambian nation. Some accounts inadvertently referred to this interconnection by referring to Kenneth Kaunda as the &lsquo / founder of Zambia&rsquo / . My&nbsp / &nbsp / exposure to various other debates around the production of history in the public domain such as through museums and national heritage sites or monuments prompted me to consider undertaking a study of the post-1964 historiography of Kenneth Kaunda. Rather than attempting to fill Kenneth Kaunda&rsquo / s post-1964 historiographical gap with a chronological account of his political life, I wanted to trace the narratives of Kenneth Kaunda&rsquo / s life in connection with the production of history in different domains in Zambia. This thesis thus aims at examining the political auto/biographical narrations of Kenneth Kaunda in relation to the production of nationalist history and national heritage in Zambia in the years following the country&rsquo / s Independence in 1964.4 One of the key questions that this study sought to engage with was: how did the &lsquo / representations&rsquo / of Kenneth Kaunda influence the ways in which Zambia&rsquo / s post-independence nationalist history and national heritage were produced? In seeking to provide an answer to the question, the study evaluated the auto/biography of Kenneth Kaunda itself, as well as how it reflects in the history texts utilised in Zambian schools and in history in the public domain through national heritage sites or monuments and museum exhibitions. The thesis will show that in Zambia, the auto/biography of Kenneth Kaunda has acquired significance through history as school lesson and as history in the public domain, through the production of national heritage sites and museum exhibitions.</p>

Magister Artium - MA / The research for this thesis started off as a long academic essay that sought to review a 1970s biography of Kenneth Kaunda.1 In its original focus, the study aimed at evaluating the work on the narrations of Kenneth Kaunda’s life from a theoretical and critical perspective. Specifically it sought to evaluate the biography for its theoretical and methodological approaches, its attention to issues of sources, archives, narrative and history. In addition, it aimed at locating the biography in relation to debates over biography and history in South Africa. As I began my research for the long essay, it soon became apparent that the biography of Kenneth Kaunda ended its narration in 1964 and yet it was published ten years later in 1974. By ending its ‘coverage’ of the narrations of Kenneth Kaunda’s life in 1964, it seemed obvious that its coverage was in many ways similar to his autobiography that was published in 1962.2 The ending of the biography’s coverage in 1964 thus seemed rather abrupt as it precluded any representations of the subject in the post 1964 period in which he had become President of Zambia. Kenneth Kaunda was resident of Zambia for nearly three decades (1964-1991) having led the ‘final’ phase of the nationalist struggle for Independence through the United National Independence Party (UNIP). Surely, I surmised, the meanings of Kenneth Kaunda’s life as nationalist leader, as presented in most of his biography, would differ from those of him as President? Upon evaluating the biography, it seemed to be a largely chronological and descriptive rather analytical account of the subject’s life. However, what made it profound to me was the ways in which it entwined the narratives of Kenneth Kaunda’s life with the events, dates 1 The biography of Kenneth Kaunda by Fergus Macpherson was the subject of the long essay. See Fergus Macpherson, Kenneth Kaunda of Zambia: The Times and the Man (Lusaka: Oxford University Press, 1974). 2 Kenneth D. Kaunda, Zambia Shall Be Free: An Autobiography (London: Heinemann Educational Books td, 1962). and activities of the history of the Zambian nation. Some accounts inadvertently referred to this interconnection by referring to Kenneth Kaunda as the ‘founder of Zambia’. My exposure to various other debates around the production of history in the public domain such as through museums and national heritage sites or monuments prompted me to consider undertaking a study of the post-1964 historiography of Kenneth Kaunda. Rather than attempting to fill Kenneth Kaunda’s post-1964 historiographical gap with a chronological account of his political life, I wanted to trace the narratives of Kenneth Kaunda’s life in connection with the production of history in different domains in Zambia. This thesis thus aims at examining the political auto/biographical narrations of Kenneth Kaunda in relation to the production of nationalist history and national heritage in Zambia in the years following the country’s Independence in 1964.4 One of the key questions that this study sought to engage with was: how did the ‘representations’ of Kenneth Kaunda influence the ways in which Zambia’s post-independence nationalist history and national heritage were produced? In seeking to provide an answer to the question, the study evaluated the auto/biography of Kenneth Kaunda itself, as well as how it reflects in the history texts utilised in Zambian schools and in history in the public domain through national heritage sites or monuments and museum exhibitions. The thesis will show that in Zambia, the auto/biography of Kenneth Kaunda has acquired significance through history as school lesson and as history in the public domain, through the production of national heritage sites and museum exhibitions. / South Africa

The Black Economic Empowerment Act of 2003 is a tool used to redress the injustice of the past and ensure full economic participation of groups that where disadvantaged in the past. The main stream economy includes the fast–track of employment equity, ownership, skills development, preferential procurement, enterprise development, and socio–economic development. BEE is an inclusive and logical political process that is based on the national transformation programme of the country, for an example, the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP). Its purpose was to modify and change the inequalities of the past with transference of management, ownership and the control of economic and financial resources of South Africa to the majority of its citizens. The RDP sought to bring about full economic participation by the historically disadvantaged to accomplish prosperity and development that is sustainable. Public sector procurement is used by government as a mechanism to achieve certain broader policy objectives such as BEE, local economic development of small and medium sized business, skills transfer and job creation. The BEE programme was implemented in 2003. However, there are problems with the implementation of the programme. The theory (legislation) includes the Code of Good Practice, Sector Scorecards, and Public Sector Procurement Guidelines which span effective implementation of the BEE programme. According to the respondents, the major problem with the successful implementation of BEE, are the corrupt public officials who interfere with the process. The government officials responsible for the implementation of BEE practice nepotism and bribery on an extremely large scale. Moreover, political interference plays a major role in the lack/poor implementation of BEE. BEE compliance in the District of Dr Kenneth Kaunda Department of Education is extremely corrupt with many of the essential supply of goods and services being compromised. In this study to tackle the research topic both qualitative and quantitative research methods were used thus termed mixed method research. With mixed method research the researcher was able to use semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. / M Development and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

The Black Economic Empowerment Act of 2003 is a tool used to redress the injustice of the past and ensure full economic participation of groups that where disadvantaged in the past. The main stream economy includes the fast–track of employment equity, ownership, skills development, preferential procurement, enterprise development, and socio–economic development. BEE is an inclusive and logical political process that is based on the national transformation programme of the country, for an example, the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP). Its purpose was to modify and change the inequalities of the past with transference of management, ownership and the control of economic and financial resources of South Africa to the majority of its citizens. The RDP sought to bring about full economic participation by the historically disadvantaged to accomplish prosperity and development that is sustainable. Public sector procurement is used by government as a mechanism to achieve certain broader policy objectives such as BEE, local economic development of small and medium sized business, skills transfer and job creation. The BEE programme was implemented in 2003. However, there are problems with the implementation of the programme. The theory (legislation) includes the Code of Good Practice, Sector Scorecards, and Public Sector Procurement Guidelines which span effective implementation of the BEE programme. According to the respondents, the major problem with the successful implementation of BEE, are the corrupt public officials who interfere with the process. The government officials responsible for the implementation of BEE practice nepotism and bribery on an extremely large scale. Moreover, political interference plays a major role in the lack/poor implementation of BEE. BEE compliance in the District of Dr Kenneth Kaunda Department of Education is extremely corrupt with many of the essential supply of goods and services being compromised. In this study to tackle the research topic both qualitative and quantitative research methods were used thus termed mixed method research. With mixed method research the researcher was able to use semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. / M Development and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

The future of our world will largely be determined by our willingness and ability to address practices and beliefs that threaten human dignity, promote violence, and impoverish communities. This dissertation develops an African humanist theology as a basis for concrete engagement with social problems (dehumanization, violence, and poverty) by drawing from Kenneth Kaunda’s concept of Christian humanism. Relying on writings by Kenneth Kaunda housed at Boston University library (books, pamphlets, and unpublished speeches), this dissertation argues that his concept of Christian humanism is a valuable, multidimensional concept that, properly understood can serve as a critical resource for addressing the ethical challenges related to human dignity, nonviolence, and economic justice. This dissertation undertakes four main tasks. First, the dissertation’s critical examination of Christian humanism and African humanism exposes shared yet distinctive emphases on human dignity. Second, the dissertation studies Kaunda’s biography to explore the contextual influences on his life and the development of his thought. Kaunda was deeply influenced by his missionary parents and, later in life, by thinkers such as Mahatma Gandhi. Third, the dissertation analyzes the theoretical bases of Kaunda’s Christian humanism with regard to the main themes of human dignity, nonviolence, and economic egalitarianism. Fourth, the dissertation proposes an African Christian humanist approach embodying the ideas espoused by Kaunda as a framework for addressing the ethical challenges in Africa related to violence and poverty. This study concludes that African Christian humanism in the sense proposed should be an important component of social ethics.

In the accomplishment of good governance South African municipalities need to develop measurable objectives related to performance measures and targets that capture strategically important aspects of performance. This allows performance to be easily monitored and aligned with municipal Integrated Development Plans (IDPs). Performance information should be used in conjunction with strategic planning, budgeting, policy analysis and evaluations, organisational reviews and performance appraisals for the managers. This is necessary in order to improve performance and for assuring the public that they are receiving value for money. A Performance Management System (PMS) is the principal management mechanism intended to determine outcomes and impact of municipal service delivery on the communities they are commissioned by legislation to service. The PMS measures should always be relevant, meaningful and informative to political and administrative decision-makers. The data gathered from the PMS should be presented in a balanced, comprehensive and credible manner. The aim of this study is to analyse the challenges that influence the implementation of the local government PMS in the Dr Kenneth Kaunda District Municipality. The analysis entails identifying the challenges, evaluating them and then suggesting possible solutions to the challenges. / Thesis (M. Development and Management)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

In the accomplishment of good governance South African municipalities need to develop measurable objectives related to performance measures and targets that capture strategically important aspects of performance. This allows performance to be easily monitored and aligned with municipal Integrated Development Plans (IDPs). Performance information should be used in conjunction with strategic planning, budgeting, policy analysis and evaluations, organisational reviews and performance appraisals for the managers. This is necessary in order to improve performance and for assuring the public that they are receiving value for money. A Performance Management System (PMS) is the principal management mechanism intended to determine outcomes and impact of municipal service delivery on the communities they are commissioned by legislation to service. The PMS measures should always be relevant, meaningful and informative to political and administrative decision-makers. The data gathered from the PMS should be presented in a balanced, comprehensive and credible manner. The aim of this study is to analyse the challenges that influence the implementation of the local government PMS in the Dr Kenneth Kaunda District Municipality. The analysis entails identifying the challenges, evaluating them and then suggesting possible solutions to the challenges. / Thesis (M. Development and Management)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.